Estimation of mass thickness response of embedded aggregated silica nanospheres from high angle annular dark-field scanning transmission electron micrographs

In this study we investigate the functional behavior of the intensity in high-angle annular dark field (HAADF) scanning transmission electron micrograph (STEM) images. The model material is a silica particle (20 nm) gel at 5 wt%. By assuming that the intensity response is monotonically increasing with increasing mass thickness of silica, an estimate of the functional form is calculated using a maximum likelihood approach. We conclude that a linear functional form of the intensity provides a fair estimate but that a power function is significantly better for estimating the amount of silica in the z-direction. The work adds to the development of quantifying material properties from electron micrographs, especially in the field of tomography methods and three-dimensional quantitative structural characterization from a STEM micrograph. It also provides means for direct three-dimensional quantitative structural characterization from a STEM micrograph

Тенденції розвитку системи професійної підготовки вчителів США

У статті досліджуються тенденції та суперечності в професійній діяльності американських вчителів; глобалізація професійної підготовки вчителів; проблема міжкультурної освіти; питання вдосконалення школи і якості освіти; шляхи і засоби визначення й оцінювання ефективності школи

A Verified Certificate Checker for Finite-Precision Error Bounds in Coq and HOL4

Being able to soundly estimate roundoff errors of finite-precision computations is important for many applications in embedded systems and scientific computing. Due to the discrepancy between continuous reals and discrete finite-precision values, automated static analysis tools are highly valuable to estimate roundoff errors. The results, however, are only as correct as the implementations of the static analysis tools. This paper presents a formally verified and modular tool which fully automatically checks the correctness of finite-precision roundoff error bounds encoded in a certificate. We present implementations of certificate generation and checking for both Coq and HOL4 and evaluate it on a number of examples from the literature. The experiments use both in-logic evaluation of Coq and HOL4, and execution of extracted code outside of the logics: we benchmark Coq extracted unverified OCaml code and a CakeML-generated verified binary

Tree Species Classification with Multi-Temporal Sentinel-2 Data

The Sentinel-2 program provides the opportunity to monitor terrestrial ecosystems with a high temporal and spectral resolution. In this study, a multi-temporal Sentinel-2 data set was used to classify common tree species over a mature forest in central Sweden. The tree species to be classified were Norway spruce (Picea abies), Scots pine (Pinus silvestris), Hybrid larch (Larix x marschlinsii), Birch (Betula sp.) and Pedunculate oak (Quercus robur). Four Sentinel-2 images from spring (7 April and 27 May), summer (9 July) and fall (19 October) of 2017 were used along with the Random Forest (RF) classifier. A variable selection approach was implemented to find fewer and uncorrelated bands resulting in the best model for tree species identification. The final model resulting in the highest overall accuracy (88.2%) came from using all bands from the four image dates. The single image that gave the most accurate classification result (80.5%) was the late spring image (27 May); the 27 May image was always included in subsequent image combinations that gave the highest overall accuracy. The five tree species were classified with a user's accuracy ranging from 70.9% to 95.6%. Thirteen of the 40 bands were selected in a variable selection procedure and resulted in a model with only slightly lower accuracy (86.3%) than that using all bands. Among the highest ranked bands were the red edge bands 2 and 3 as well as the narrow NIR (near-infrared) band 8a, all from the 27 May image, and SWIR (short-wave infrared) bands from all four image dates. This study shows that the red-edge bands and SWIR bands from Sentinel-2 are of importance, and confirms that spring and/or fall images capturing phenological differences between the species are most useful to tree species classification

Social Influence in Stockmarkets: A Conceptual Analysis of Social Influence Processes in Stock Markets

This paper focuses on the role of social factors for booms-bubbles-busts cycles in stock markets. It is argued that indirect and direct social influences are important contributors by reinforcing stock investors’ cognitive biases exaggerated by affective influences. A review of herding research primarily undertaken by financial economists is followed by a demonstration that psychological theories of direct social influence (imitation) have bearings on the understanding of the herding phenomenon in stock markets. How to continue this research with relevance for regulations of stock markets is discussed.Social influence; stock investments; conceptual analysis

La creatividad enjaulada en la traducción: una perspectiva neoinstitucional sobre la comunicación de crisis

Crisis communication research has primarily focused on universal models guiding managers of various organisations in times of crisis. Even though this is about to change, a tendency remains for research in the field to overlook the impact of structural conditions on organisation’s crisis communication. In order to add to the emergent discussion on new theoretical and empirical venues within the field of crisis communication, this paper proposes a framework based on new institutional theory for analysing crisis communication practices as a societal phenomenon. New institutionalism is advocated due to its ability to shift the focus from agency to structure and in doing so emphasise the social preconditions for organisational activities. In line with this, this conceptual paper discusses crisis communication as an institution, i.e., as a set of more or less conscious ideas about formats (the organisational structures developed for crisis communication work), contents (the content of organisations’ communication in times of crisis) and contexts (the situations during which organisations are expected to perform crisis communication). Moreover, we discuss how these ideas become translated (i.e., modified) as they travel (i.e., become legitimate, popular and get widely spread) across organisational and institutional contexts. In order to illustrate the framework described above, the Swedish authorities’ communication in connection to the A/H1N1 outbreak is used as a case study

Air quality and morbidity : concentration-response relationship for Sweden

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The plasma level of 7α-hydroxy-4-cholesten-3-one reflects the activity of hepatic cholesterol 7α-hydroxylase in man

AbstractCirculating levels of 7α-hydroxy-4-cholesten-3-one have been compared with activities of the rate-limiting enzyme in bile acid synthesis, microsomal cholesterol 7α-hydroxylase, measured in liver biopsies obtained from patients undergoing surgery for gallstone disease. Some patients were treated with cholestyramine or bile acids prior to operation in order to alter the feed-back inhibition of the enzyme. The levels of the sterol were similar in untreated patients and in patients treated with ursodeoxycholic acid (median concentration 17 and 13 ng/ml, respectively), and so were the activities of the enzyme (median activity 7.0 and 5.5 pmol/min/mg protein, respectively). The sterol levels and enzyme activities were significantly increased in patients treated with cholestyramine (91 ng/ml and 45 pmol/min/mg protein) and decreased in patients treated with chenodeoxycholic acid (<2.0 ng/ml and 0.7 pmol/min/mg protein). There was a strong positive correlation (r=0.90, P<0.00001) between levels of 7α-hydroxy-4-cholesten-3-one in plasma and the activities of cholesterol 7α-hydroxylase in the whole patient group. The results show that analysis of 7α-hydroxy-4-cholesten-3-one in plasma is a sensitive and convenient method to determine relative rates of bile acid production in man

Both deterioration and improvement in activities of daily living are related to falls: a 6-year follow-up of the general elderly population study Good Aging in Skåne.

To determine the relationship between long-term change in activities of daily living (ADL) and falls in the elderly and to identify characteristics of groups at risk for falls

PENGARUH KINERJA GURU TERHADAP MOTIVASI BELAJAR SISWA DI SMK NEGERI 11 BANDUNG: penelitian pada siswa kelas x program keahlian administrasi perkantoran mata pelajaran pengantar administrasi perkantoran

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui gambaran tingkat kinerja guru, dan tingkat motivasi belajar siswa, serta mengetahui seberapa besar pengaruh dari kinerja guru terhadap motivasi belajar siswa di SMK Negeri 11 Bandung . Permasalahan yang dikaji dalam penelitian ini adalah rendahnya tingkat kinerja guru yang berpengaruh terhadap motivasi belajar siswa di SMK Negeri 11 Bandung. Penelitian ini terdiri dari dua variabel yaitu kinerja guru (X) yang merupakan merupakan gambaran hasil kerja yang dilakukan pendidik terkait dengan tugas serta tanggung jawab yang dimilikinya. Serta variabelmotivasi belajar siswa (Y) yangmerupakan sesuatu yang mendorong, menggerakan dan mengarahkan siswa dalam belajar. Metode penelitian menggunakan metode explanatory survey, dengan teknik pengumpulan data dengan cara penyebaran angket menggunakan skala pengukuran rating scale, dengan mengambil ukuran sampel 58siswa kelas X di SMK Negeri 11 Bandung. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah regresi linier sederhana. Hasil penelitian diperoleh informasi bahwa kinerja guru berada pada kategori tinggi dan indikator terendah adalah komunikasi yang erat kaitanya dengan layanan bimbingan, sedangkan motivasi belajar berada pada kategori tinggi dan indikator terendah adalah legiatan yang menarik dalam belajar.Hasil penelitian adalah sebagai berikut;(1)bahwa kinerja guru berpengaruh positif terhadap motivasi belajar siswa di SMK Negeri 11 Bandung, (2) Motivasi belajar siswa di SMK Negeri 11 Bandung tidak banyak dipengaruhi oleh kinerja guru, dikarenakan adanya faktor-faktor lain yang berpengaruh terhadap motivasi belajar siswa yang tidak dikaji dalam penelitian ini. ---------- The study aims to identify the figure of the teacher perfomance, student motivation to learning level, and to identify how much the influence comes from teacher performance level to student motivation to learning level. The problem studied in this research is the lower degree of teacher performanceto influenced to student motivation at The State Vocational High School 11 Bandung. The study consists of two variables: teacher performance (X) which is which draws the result of working that is done by related educators with the owned task and responsibility. Also, variable of student motivation (Y) which is something that encourage, move and directing students in learning. The study used explanatory survey method and the collecting data technique is using questionnaire by using measurement of rating scale, with the 58 students grade X at The State Vocational High School 11 Bandungas the samples. The analysis data technique used in the study is the simple linear regression. The result of the study is gained that teacher performance in the upper category and lowest indicator is comunication whorelating toguidance serviceswhereas student motivation to learning is in the upper category and the lowest indicator is theactivities that areinterestingin learning. The result of the study as follows; (1) that teacher performance positively influenced to student motivation to learning at The State Vocational High School 11 Bandung, (2) student motivation to learning at The State Vocational High School 11 Bandung is not much influenced by teacher performance, it is caused by other factors which influences the motivation student learning that is not studied in this research