Basic operations and preliminary results on the growth and survival rates of tench (Tinca tinca L.) and lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) in an aquaponic prototype

Este trabajo presenta el manejo básico de un prototipo acuapónico así como resultados preliminares sobre el crecimiento de tencas y lechugas en dicho prototipo. El sistema consta de una instalación de recirculación de agua con cuatro elementos en el siguiente orden de dirección del agua: depósito de peces, del que parten dos ramas: una de ellas hacia un biofiltro, zona de hidropónicos en NFT (“Nutrient Film Technique”) y colector; y la otra hacia la zona de hidropónicos en raíz flotante, que desemboca igualmente en el colector. Los resultados obtenidos durante 66 días de ensayo, criando las tencas a densidades entre 0,68 kg/m3 y 1,19 kg/m3, con raciones diarias entre el 0,8 y 1,23% de la biomasa, un volumen total de la instalación de 2.800 litros con tasa media diaria de recambio de agua del 1,26% y parámetros variables de la misma, con máximos y mínimos, respectivamente, de temperaturas, entre 15 y 25ºC; de nitratos, entre 32 y 105 ppm; y de pH entre 7,3 y 8,25, muestran una elevada supervivencia de las tencas (99,32%) y las lechugas (98%); y la finalización del ciclo de estas últimas alcanzando tamaños comerciales. El control de los parámetros citados, más los niveles de oxígeno, y una instalación sencilla de baja densidad de peces sin dispositivos de separación de sólidos, permitió la regulación óptima del sistema.This paper presents the basic operations of an aquaponic prototype and preliminary results on the growth of tench and lettuce. This prototype consisting in a water recirculating system made up of: fish rearing tank with two outlet pipes, one of this connected to a biofilter, NFT hydroponics device and sump; and the other one, to a raft hydroponic device draining to the same sump. Results showed a high survival rate of tenchs (99,32%) and lettuces (98%), and finalization of vegetative cycle of lettuce with commercial sizes, under the following assay conditions: tench stock densities between 0,68 kg/m3 and 1,19 kg/m3, with daily food rates between 0,88 y 1,23% of fishes biomass, a total system water volume of 2,8 m3 and 1,26% of water reposition daily rate, and water variables parameters between 15 and 25ºC temperature; 32 and 105 ppm of nitrate levels; and 8,25 and 7,3 pH values. Control of the above mentioned parameters, plus oxygen levels in water, maintaining fish at low densities and without solids removal devices, reached the optimum regulation syste

Carta pastoral que el Ilmo. señor Don Manuel Bernardo Morete Bodelon, Obispo de Canarias escribió para dirigirla á su ciudad y preamada Diócesis de Astorga

Copia digital. Valladolid : Junta de Castilla y León. Consejería de Cultura y Turismo, 2009-201

The Development of a Spanish Language Version of the Worn Out Scale of the General Well-Being Questionnaire (GWBQ)

The paper describes the development of a short Spanish-language version of the General Well-Being Questionnaire (GWBQ; Cox & Gotts, 1987), based on the 12 items of its Worn Out scale. Research has shown the English-version Worn Out scale to be sensitive to aspects of the design and management of work. This study aimed to test its crosscultural consistency in a Spanish-language workplace context. The data were collected from a sample of 229 workers in Valencia (Spain). Confirmatory Factor Analyses showed the factorial validity, reliability, and concurrent validity of the new Spanish version to be adequate. The sensitivity of the new measure to safety behavior and the reporting of accidents was also assessed and shown to be good. The new questionnaire extends the usefulness of the parent questionnaire to occupational health psychology research in the Spanish language by offering a short assessment tool appropriate for workplace [email protected]

The APC/C cofactor Cdh1 prevents replicative stress and p53-dependent cell death in neural progenitors

The E3-ubiquitin ligase APC/C-Cdh1 is essential for endoreduplication but its relevance in the mammalian mitotic cell cycle is still unclear. Here we show that genetic ablation of Cdh1 in the developing nervous system results in hypoplastic brain and hydrocephalus. These defects correlate with enhanced levels of Cdh1 substrates and increased entry into the S phase in neural progenitors. However, cell division is prevented in the absence of Cdh1 due to hyperactivation of cyclin-dependent kinases, replicative stress, induction of p53, G2 arrest and apoptotic death of these progenitor cells. Concomitant ablation of p53 rescues apoptosis but not replicative stress, resulting in the presence of damaged neurons throughout the adult brain. These data indicate that the inactivation of Cdh1 in vivo results in replicative stress, cell cycle arrest and cell death, supporting recent therapeutic proposals aimed to inhibit the APC/C in tumours.M.E. was supported by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (MINECO). This work was funded by grants from the Foundation Ramón Areces and MINECO SAF2012-38215 to M.M.). The Cell Division and Cancer Group of the CNIO are supported by the OncoCycle Programme (S2010/BMD-2470) from the Comunidad de Madrid, the OncoBIO Consolider-Ingenio 2010 Programme (MINECO, CSD2007-00017) and the European Union Seventh Framework Programme (MitoSys project; HEALTH-F5-2010-241548).Peer Reviewe

Compostaje de residuos de la industria vinícola y su uso como sustrato para el cultivo sin suelo de plantas ornamentales

To study the process of composting of grape marc and test the resulting compost as a substrate for the cultivation of ornamental plants, six composting processes, with mixtures of dealcoholised grapevine marc and grape stalk (DM + GS) in a 1:1 ratio (v:v), were carried out in Seville (Spain) between 2000 and 2006. The duration of the composting ranged between 20 and 24 weeks in the Spring-Summer season. Weekly, temperature, pH, EC, N-NO3 – and N-NH4 + , were measured. The maximum temperatures reached values of 65-73°C at a depth between 40 and 80 cm. The compost had a slightly alkaline pH, slightly salinity, high organic matter and total nitrogen contents. The final compost chemical composition in total elements showed values in the same range as those corresponding to plant material, except for Fe. The distribution in the size of the particles gives way to a total porous space that is close to the one considered as optimal in a substrate for soilless cropping. Pore size distribution showed a prevalence of big pores that produces unbalance in the water-air ratios, resulting in a material with a good aeration but with low water retention. The composts were tested as substrates for four ornamental species: geranium, petunia, carnation and gerbera. The results suggest that compost has no limiting characteristics for its use as a medium for the cultivation of ornamental plants in container, and can replace conventional substrates, such as peat and coconut fibrePara estudiar el proceso de compostaje de orujos de uva y probar el compost resultante como sustrato para el cultivo de plantas ornamentales, se llevaron a cabo, en Sevilla (España) entre 2000 y 2006, seis procesos de compostaje, con mezclas de orujos de vid desalcoholizados y tallos de vid o raspón (DM + GS) en una proporción 1:1 (v:v). La duración del compostaje osciló entre 20 y 24 semanas en el período de primavera-verano. Se midieron semanalmente temperatura, pH, CE, N-NO3 – y N-NH4 + . Se alcanzaron temperaturas máximas de 65 a 73°C a 40-80 cm de profundidad. El compost resultante tenía pH ligeramente alcalino, moderada salinidad, altos contenidos en materia orgánica y nitrógeno total. Los análisis químicos del compost mostraron niveles de elementos totales en igual rango que los correspondientes a material vegetal, excepto Fe. La distribución del tamaño de partículas del material origina un espacio poroso total cercano al considerado óptimo en los sustratos para cultivo sin suelo. La distribución del tamaño de poros mostró una prevalencia de poros grandes, circunstancia que produce un desequilibrio en las relaciones aire-agua, dando como resultado un material con buena aireación, pero con baja retención de agua. Los composts se probaron como sustratos para cuatro especies ornamentales: geranio, petunia, clavel y gerbera. Los resultados no sugieren ninguna característica limitante para el uso del compost como medio para el cultivo de plantas ornamentales en contenedor, y puede sustituir a los sustratos convencionales como la turba y la fibra de coc

Effect of soilless growing systems on the spread of Verticillium dahliae and the severity of the Verticillium wilt in strawberry

The dispersion of soilborne plant pathogens could be greater in closed soilless growing systems than in open ones. The effect of three soilless growing systems (open, closed and closed with slow sand filtration) on the dispersion of Verticillium dahliae propagules and the severity of the disease in strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa Duch.) has been analysed. V. dahliae dispersion in a closed system with slow sand filtration was studied by measuring propagules in the recirculating nutrient solution and in the growth medium. The growth medium used was coconut fiber. V. dahliae propagules were not removed by slow sand filtration. In the first crop cycle, an increase in the severity of Verticillium wilt was detected in the closed soilless growing system with slow sand filtration in comparison with the other two systems. This increase may be due to the non-elimination of V. dahliae propagules by filtration and to the lower microbial biomass in the filtered solution storage tank than in the drained solution storage tank. The decline in microbial biomass by filtration may improve the viability of the dispersed conidia, thus increasing the severity of the disease. This decline in microbial biomass by filtration may be compensated in the second crop cycle by the root debris from the first crop cycle. This debris may have provided nutrient sources to the microbes and increased the associated microbial biomass.La dispersión de los patógenos de suelo podría ser mayor en los sistemas de cultivo sin suelo cerrados que en los sistemas abiertos. Se estudió el efecto de tres sistemas de cultivo (abierto, cerrado y cerrado con filtración lenta en lecho de arena) sobre la dispersión de los propágulos de Verticillium dahliae y sobre la severidad de la enfermedad en fresa (Fragaria × ananassa Duch.). Se analizó la dispersión de V. dahliae en el sistema cerrado con filtración lenta mediante la medida de los propágulos en la solución nutritiva recirculante y en el sustrato empleado, que fue fibra de coco. Los propágulos de V. dahliae no fueron eliminados por la filtración lenta. En el primer ciclo de cultivo, se detectó un incremento en la severidad de verticilosis en el sistema cerrado con filtración lenta en comparación con los otros dos sistemas. Este incremento puede ser debido a que el filtro no elimina los propágulos de V. dahliae y a que la biomasa microbiana en la solución filtrada es más baja que en la solución drenada. Este descenso que se produce en la biomasa microbiana debido a la filtración podría mejorar la viabilidad de las conidias dispersadas y por lo tanto incrementar la severidad de la enfermedad. El descenso de la biomasa microbiana por la filtración parece estar compensado en el segundo ciclo de cultivo por la activación de la misma debido a los nutrientes proveídos por los restos de raíces procedentes del primer ciclo de cultivo

The Development of a Spanish Language Version of the Worn Out Scale of the General Well-Being Questionnaire (GWBQ)

The paper describes the development of a short Spanish-language version of the General Well-Being Questionnaire (GWBQ; Cox & Gotts, 1987), based on the 12 items of its Worn Out scale. Research has shown the English-version Worn Out scale to be sensitive to aspects of the design and management of work. This study aimed to test its crosscultural consistency in a Spanish-language workplace context. The data were collected from a sample of 229 workers in Valencia (Spain). Confirmatory Factor Analyses showed the factorial validity, reliability, and concurrent validity of the new Spanish version to be adequate. The sensitivity of the new measure to safety behavior and the reporting of accidents was also assessed and shown to be good. The new questionnaire extends the usefulness of the parent questionnaire to occupational health psychology research in the Spanish language by offering a short assessment tool appropriate for workplace studies.El artículo describe el desarrollo de la versión corta en español del General Well-Being Questionnaire (GWBQ; Cox & Gotts, 1987; en español el “Cuestionario de Bienestar General”), basada en los 12 ítems de su subescala de “Agotamiento”. La investigación ha mostrado que la versión en inglés de la escala de Agotamiento es sensible a ciertos aspectos del diseño y gestión del trabajo. El propósito de este estudio fue comprobar la consistencia transcultural en un contexto de trabajo de habla española. Los datos se recogieron de una muestra de 229 trabajadores en Valencia (España). Análisis factoriales confirmatorios demostraron la adecuación de la validez factorial, la fiabilidad, y la validez concurrente de la nueva versión española. También se evaluó la sensibilidad de la nueva medida hacia la conducta de seguridad y distintas medidas de siniestralidad, comprobando asimismo su adecuación. El cuestionario nuevo amplía la utilidad del cuestionario original al frecerse como herramienta para los investigadores en psicología de la salud cupacional en lengua española, ofreciendo un nstrumento corto de evaluación apropiado para el lugar de trabajo

Effectiveness of mixtures of vivianite and organic materials in preventing iron chlorosis in strawberry

Application of Fe salts with different organic matter sources has been demonstrated to be effective in preventing Fe deficiency chlorosis. The main objective of this work was to study the effectiveness of different Fe sources based on mixtures of humic substances or compost with vivianite in preventing this nutritional disorder in strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa cv Camarosa). To this end, a randomised block experiment involving four replications (3 plants per replication) and one factor (Fe source) was performed in a greenhouse using a calcareous growing medium. Iron sources studied were: (i) control without Fe, (ii) control with an effective Fe source in calcareous media (EDDHA-Fe, 0.1 g kg–1), (iii) vivianite (1 g kg–1 medium, which is the recommended rate), (iv) vivianite (1 g kg–1) + humic substances (HS 0.06 g kg–1), (v) vivianite (0.5 g kg–1) + HS (0.06 g kg–1) and (vi) a mixture of composted cork residue and vivianite at a 6:1 mass ratio (CORVIV) applied at a dose of 6 g kg–1 medium. All Fe sources were effective in increasing SPAD readings when compared with control without Fe. Treatments based on vivianite provided non-significantly different SPAD readings from that obtained with EDDHA-Fe. However, only CORVIV showed non-significantly different dry matter (DM) production, leaf area index, and total Fe content in the aerial part than EDDHA-Fe. Humic substances and vivianite at 1 g kg–1 increased DM yield in plants when compared with vivianite without HS, results with this last treatment being similar to those obtained with vivianite at 0.5 g kg–1 with HS. It can be concluded that studied sources of organic matter increased the efficiency of vivianite in preventing Fe chlorosis in strawberry, especially vivianite enriched cork compost which was as effective as EDDHA-Fe