A INGESTÃO DIETÉTICA DE PRODUTOS FINAIS DE GLICAÇÃO AVANÇADA E DE COMPOSTOS BIOATIVOS NO PRÉ-DIAGNÓSTICO DE CÂNCER

A ingestão alimentar tem influência direta na suscetibilidade ou prevenção do desenvolvimento do câncer, uma das principais causas de morbidade e mortalidade na atualidade. O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar a associação da ingestão alimentar pré-diagnóstica de produtos finais de glicação avançada (AGEs) e componentes bioativos e sua relação com a localização primária do câncer. Estudo de análise observacional transversal, com amostra composta por 8 peças em tratamento oncológico atendidas no Hospital Nossa Senhora das Dores, em Nova MG. A mama e cólon e reto foram as localizações primárias mais prevalentes. Carne, ovos, óleo e alimentos ricos em nutrientes foram os alimentos com mais AGEs. Uma amostra de ingestão de polifenóis e carotenóides apresentou-se abaixo das recomendações e também observada em outros estudos. Houve diferença no consumo de antocianinas entre homens e mulheres, e a ingestão de flavonóides foi maior entre as mulheres. Uma exposição negativa foi observada entre o consumo de AGEs e polióis. No entanto, nenhuma associação foi encontrada entre a ingestão dietética de AGEs e compostos bioativos e locais de câncer primário.Possui uma fonte direta de influência sobre a suscetibilidade ou prevenção do desenvolvimento do câncer, uma das principais causas de morbimortalidade na atualidade. O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar a associação da ingestão dietética pré-diagnóstica dos produtos de glicação avançada (AGEs) e componentes bioativos e sua relação com a localização primária do câncer. Estudo de análise observacional transversal, com amostra composta por 8 peças-em tratamento oncológico atendido no Hospital Nossa Senhora das Dores, em Nova MG. A mama eo cólon e reto foram as localizações primárias mais prevalentes. Carne, ovos, óleo e alimentos ricos em nutrientes, foram os alimentos que mais AGEs.Uma amostra de ingestão de polifenóis e de carotenoides abaixo dos estudos e também do observado em outros. Houve diferença no consumo de antocianinas entre homens e mulheres, e a ingestão de flavonoides foi maior entre as mulheres. Foi observada uma exposição negativa entre o consumo dos AGEs e dos polióis. Todavia, não foi encontrada associação entre a ingestão dietética dos AGEs e dos compostos bioativos e as localizações primárias do câncer

Anti-inflammatory effect of Schinus terebinthifolius Raddi hydroalcoholic extract on neutrophil migration in zymosan-induced arthritis

AbstractEthnopharmacological relevanceSchinus terebinthifolius is a species of plant from the Anacardiaceae family, which can be found in different regions of Brazil. Schinus is popularly known as aroeirinha, aroeira-vermelha, or Brazilian pepper. In folk medicine, S. terebinthifolius is used for several disorders, including inflammatory conditions, skin wounds, mucosal membrane ulcers, respiratory problems, gout, tumors, diarrhea and arthritis. According to chemical analyses, gallic acid, methyl gallate and pentagalloylglucose are the main components of hydroalcoholic extracts from S. terebinthifolius leaves. In the present study, we demonstrated the ability of a hydroalcoholic extract to inhibit cell migration in arthritis and investigated the mechanisms underlying this phenomenon.Materials and methodsThe anti-inflammatory effect of S. terebinthifolius hydroalcoholic leaf extract (ST-70) was investigated in a zymosan-induced experimental model of inflammation. Male Swiss and C57Bl/6 mice received zymosan (100µg/cavity) via intra-thoracic (i.t.) or intra-articular (i.a.) injection after oral pre-treatment with ST-70. The direct action of ST-70 on neutrophils was evaluated via chemotaxis.ResultsST-70 exhibited a dose-dependent effect in the pleurisy model. The median effective dose (ED50) was 100mg/kg, which inhibited 70% of neutrophil accumulation when compared with the control group. ST-70 reduced joint diameter and neutrophil influx for synovial tissues at 6h and 24h in zymosan-induced arthritis. Additionally, ST-70 inhibited synovial interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1β, keratinocyte-derived chemokine (CXCL1/KC) and Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF)-α production at 6h and CXCL1/KC and IL-1β production at 24h. The direct activity of ST-70 on neutrophils was observed via the impairment of CXCL1/KC-induced chemotaxis in neutrophils. Oral administration of ST-70 did not induce gastric damage. Daily administration for twenty days did not kill any animals. In contrast, similar administrations of diclofenac induced gastric damage and killed all animals by the fifth day.ConclusionsOur results demonstrated significant anti-inflammatory effects of ST-70, suggesting a putative use of this herb for the development of phytomedicines to treat inflammatory diseases, such as joint inflammation

HPV e câncer de cabeça e pescoço: desenvolvimento de um aplicativo para adolescentes

A adolescência é uma fase marcada por grandes transformações, que envolvem aspectos biológicos, psíquicos, sociais e culturais. Nesse sentido, o adolescente apresenta vulnerabilidades para a transmissão das doenças sexualmente transmissíveis, entre elas o HPV. Constata-se o aumento da prevalência do câncer de cabeça e pescoço em adultos jovens, associada ao HPV. Assim, o objetivo da pesquisa foi o desenvolvimento de um aplicativo para smartphones, voltado à adolescentes, como estratégia de prevenção do câncer de cabeça e pescoço causado pelo HPV. Para tal realizou-se oficinas participativas com 90 adolescentes de ensino médio, com idade entre 16 e 18 anos, sobre a relação entre câncer de cabeça e pescoço e HPV. O conteúdo do aplicativo foi elaborado segundo temas levantados pelos alunos. O conteúdo do aplicativo foi validado por expertises, com concordância maior que 85%. A validação de aparência foi realizada pelos próprios adolescentes, com o mesmo nível de concordância

Surgimento e consolidação da Semana Internacional de Arqueologia Discentes MAE/USP: uma reflexão

This article discusses and reflects on the creation and consolidation of the International Week of Archeology Students MAE/USP (SIA), which began in 2007 and happened every two years. Organized in an open and collaborative way by Museum students, SIA has become a space for articulation, exchange of knowledge and experiences, which plays a fundamental role in the education of future professionals engaged in science and the management of archaeological heritage in the national Archaeology context. Over the various editions, the event has professionalized and gained the international mark, with the creation of a dynamic and democratic protocol for students to work together and with greater institutional insertion. An organization made by students and aimed at interested people in general, SIA has enhanced its open spirit and the growing dialogue with the different human collectives that have been demanding new practices and attitudes of archaeological practice. Through interviews, questionnaires, documentation reviews and our personal experience, we bring here a look at the history of SIA and its role in the academic trajectory of students and the Museum as a whole. We hope that this reflection can contribute to stimulating the continuity and emergence of other similar events across the country.  Este artigo discute e reflete sobre a criação e consolidação da Semana Internacional de Arqueologia Discentes MAE/USP (SIA), que surgiu em 2007 e passou a ocorrer com frequência bianual. Organizada de forma aberta e colaborativa por discentes do Museu, a SIA se tornou um espaço de articulação, troca de conhecimentos e experiências, que desempenha um papel fundamental na formação de futuros profissionais engajados com a ciência e a gestão do patrimônio arqueológico no cenário nacional da Arqueologia. Ao longo das várias edições, o evento se profissionalizou e ganhou a marca internacional, com a criação de um protocolo dinâmico e democrático para que estudantes possam exercer trabalhos conjuntos e de maior inserção institucional. Uma organização feita por discentes e voltada para pessoas interessadas em geral, a SIA potencializou seu espírito aberto e o diálogo crescente com os diferentes coletivos humanos que vem demandando novas práticas e posturas do fazer arqueológico. Por meio de entrevistas, questionários, análises da documentação e nossa experiência pessoal, trazemos aqui um olhar sobre a história da SIA e seu papel na trajetória acadêmica de discentes e no Museu como um todo. Esperamos que essa reflexão possa contribuir com o estímulo para a continuidade e surgimento de outros eventos semelhantes pelo país

Diet quality and body composition in women with breast cancer undergoing chemotherapy

Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar os fatores associados ao Índice de Alimentação Saudável Revisado para a população brasileira (IAS-R), bem como o consumo alimentar segundo o grau de processamento e sua relação com a adiposidade corporal em mulheres com câncer de mama (CM) em quimioterapia. As participantes forneceram: dados sociodemográficos, histórico clínico e hábitos de vida. A avaliação antropométrica incluiu medidas diversas, destacando-se o índice de massa corporal (IMC), índice de conicidade (IC), perímetro da cintura (PC), razão cintura-quadril (RCQ), razão cintura-estatura (RCE). Para verificar a qualidade da dieta, utilizou-se recordatório de 24 horas, e foram avaliados o IAS-R e o grau de processamento dos alimentos através da classificação NOVA. Para análises estatísticas, o teste de Shapiro-Wilk avaliou a simetria na distribuição dos dados. As variáveis foram expressas como mediana e amplitude interquartílica, média e desvio padrão ou valores absolutos e frequências. Foram aplicados testes de hipótese paramétricos ou não, conforme distribuição das variáveis. Os fatores associados ao IAS-R foram avaliados por meio de regressão linear hierarquizada por níveis e as associações entre o grau de processamento dos alimentos e a adiposidade corporal foram testadas através de regressão de Poisson. Os resultados são apresentados em dois artigos originais. Evidenciou-se baixa qualidade da dieta, com média no IAS-R de 66,8 pontos (DP = 10,4) e apenas 20 (9,2%) das pacientes tiveram pontuação > 80. A análise de fatores associados mostrou associação negativa entre a presença de efeitos adversos, provenientes da quimioterapia, de impacto no consumo alimentar e tempo de diagnóstico com o IAS-R. Apresentar efeito adverso de impacto na ingestão alimentar está associado à diminuição de 2,81 pontos no escore do IAS-R comparado a quem não apresenta, independente do tempo de diagnóstico, estadiamento do CM e estado civil. Ter de dois a três anos de tempo de diagnóstico está associado a uma diminuição de 4,23 pontos no escore do IAS-R comparado a quem tem até um ano de diagnóstico, independente de presença de efeito adverso de impacto na ingestão alimentar, estadiamento do CM e estado civil. O consumo de alimentos processados e ultraprocessados (APUP) representou 28,4% das calorias na alimentação. O aumento de 1% na contribuição calórica de alimentos in natura/ingredientes culinários (AINIC) se associou a uma redução de 1% na prevalência de excesso de peso e de obesidade abdominal, enquanto o aumento de 1% na contribuição calórica de APUP se associou a um aumento de 1% na prevalência desses desfechos. Conclui-se que as pacientes apresentam baixa qualidade da dieta. Além disso, a presença de efeitos adversos da quimioterapia e o maior tempo de diagnóstico estão associados a menor qualidade da dieta. Esses fatores podem impactar na piora do estado nutricional, pior prognóstico e recidiva da doença. Além disso, o consumo de AINIC foi inversamente associado ao excesso de peso e obesidade abdominal, enquanto os APUP associaram-se positivamente a esses desfechos, representando quase 1/3 do valor calórico total. Esses resultados impactam na criticidade da doença, que por si só, já causa grande impacto metabólico. Palavras-chave: Câncer de mama. Classificação NOVA. Composição corporal. Consumo alimentar. Qualidade da dieta.This study aimed to evaluate the factors associated with the Revised Healthy Eating Index for the Brazilian population (HEI-R), as well as food consumption according to the degree of processing and its relationship with body adiposity in women with breast cancer (BC) in chemotherapy. The participants provided: sociodemographic data, clinical history and lifestyle habits. The anthropometric assessment included several measurements, with emphasis on body mass index (BMI), conicity index (CI), waist circumference (WC), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), waist-to-height ratio (WHtR). To verify the quality of the diet, a 24-hour recall was used, and the IAS-R and the degree of food processing were evaluated using the NOVA classification. For statistical analyses, the Shapiro-Wilk test assessed symmetry in data distribution. Variables were expressed as median and interquartile range, mean and standard deviation, or absolute values and frequencies. Parametric or non-parametric hypothesis tests were applied, according to the distribution of variables. Factors associated with HEI-R were evaluated using hierarchical linear regression by levels, and associations between the degree of food processing and body adiposity were tested using Poisson regression. The results are presented in two original articles. Low quality of the diet was evidenced, with an IAS-R mean of 66.8 points (SD = 10.4) and only 20 (9.2%) of the patients had a score > 80. The analysis of associated factors showed a negative association between the presence of adverse effects from chemotherapy, impact on food consumption and time of diagnosis with HEI-R. Having an adverse impact on food intake is associated with a decrease of 2.81 points in the HEI-R score compared to those who do not, regardless of time since diagnosis, BC staging and marital status. Having two to three years of diagnosis time is associated with a decrease of 4.23 points in the HEI-R score compared to those who have up to one year of diagnosis, regardless of the presence of adverse effects such as impact on food intake, staging of BC and marital status. The consumption of processed and ultra-processed foods (PUPF) represented 28.4% of the calories in the diet. A 1% increase in the caloric contribution of in nature foods /culinary ingredients (INFCI) was associated with a 1% reduction in the prevalence of overweight and abdominal obesity, while a 1% increase in the caloric contribution of PUPF was associated with to a 1% increase in the prevalence of these outcomes. It is concluded that the patients have poor diet quality. In addition, the presence of adverse effects of chemotherapy and the longer time since diagnosis are associated with lower quality of the diet. These factors can impact the worsening of nutritional status, worse prognosis and disease recurrence. In addition, INFCI consumption was inversely associated with excess weight and abdominal obesity, while PUPF was positively associated with these outcomes, representing almost 1/3 of the total caloric value. These results impact the criticality of the disease, which in itself already causes a great metabolic impact. Keywords: Breast cancer. NOVA classification. Body composition. Food consumption. Diet quality.Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superio

Standard practices in cardiac monitoring: training needs of intensive care unit nurses

Abstract Background Enforcing practice standards for cardiac monitoring in intensive care units (ICUs) has been shown to reduce misdiagnoses and inappropriate interventions. Continuous professional development (CPD) programs are committed to aligning clinical practices with recommended standards. The crucial initial phase in CPD development involves assessing the training needs of the targeted population. Objective To assess the training needs of ICU nurses in cardiac monitoring. The overarching goal was to formulate a focused Continuous Professional Development (CPD) program geared towards implementing standard practices in cardiac monitoring. Methods This study employed a generic qualitative approach with a descriptive design, utilizing interviews and focus groups from July to September 2018. Involving 16 ICU nurses. Content analysis was employed, encompassing transcription, fluctuant and iterative reading, unitization, categorization, coding, description, and interpretation. Results All nurses recognized cardiac monitoring’s importance in the ICU but reported barriers to its effective implementation which were related to factors that could addressed by a CPD as insufficient knowledge and skills. Training needs were identified in both clinical and technical aspects, with recommendations for practical and theoretical activities and e-learning strategies. Barriers related to organizational aspects (equipment and communication within the healthcare team) were also mentioned. Conclusion ICU nurses presented clear and specific training needs related to cardiac monitoring as knowledge, skills, and competencies. Other organizational aspects were also reported as barriers. Addressing these learning needs through targeted CPD aligned with organizational initiatives can contribute to enhancing the quality of cardiac monitoring practices in ICUs

Natural infection by Paramphistomoidea Stiles and Goldberger, 1910 trematodes in wild Marsh Deer (Blastocerus dichotomus Illiger, 1815) from Sérgio Mottas's hydroelectric power station flooding area.

Studies on helminthfauna of marsh deer Blastocerus dichotomus Illiger, 1815 are rare, although helminthic diseases are an important cause of mortality in these animals. Fifteen male and female adult marsh deer from Sergio Motta's hydroelectric power station flooding area at Paraná River which died during the capture and quarantine procedures, between 1998 and 1999, were necropsied. Three trematodes species, Paramphistomum cervi, Balanorchis anastrofus and Zygocotyle lunatum, all belonging to superfamily Paramphistomoidea, were identified. The obtained trematodes were identified, counted and their respectives descriptors of infection were determined. All necropsied animals were infected by helminths. Paramphistomum cervi was the most prevalent species, while Zygocotyle lunatum was found in only one animal

The Potential Role of Selection Bias in the Association Between Coronary Atherosclerosis and Cognitive Impairment

BACKGROUND: Coronary atherosclerosis assessed in vivo was associated with cognitive impairment; however, conflicting findings have been reported in autopsy samples. OBJECTIVE: Our aims were to assess the association between atherosclerotic stenosis in the coronary arteries and cognitive impairment and to investigate the possibility of selection bias in an autopsy study. METHODS: Coronary arteries were collected, and the largest luminal stenosis was measured. Sociodemographic, clinical, and cognitive information were reported by a reliable next-of-kin. The association was tested using logistic and linear regressions adjusted for sociodemographic and clinical variables. We restricted the sample to individuals that were born in 1935 or earlier and stratified the analysis by cause of death to investigate the role of selection bias. RESULTS: In 253 participants (mean age = 78.0±8.5 years old, 48% male), stenosis was not associated with cognitive impairment (OR = 0.85, 95% CI = 0.69; 1.06, p = 0.15). In individuals who were born before 1936 in the absence of cardiovascular disease as the cause of death, greater stenosis was associated with cognitive impairment (OR = 4.02, 95% CI = 1.39; 11.6, p = 0.01). On the other hand, this association was not present among those born in 1935 or earlier who died of cardiovascular diseases (OR = 0.83, 95% CI = 0.60; 1.16, p = 0.28). CONCLUSION: We found that higher coronary stenosis was associated with cognitive impairment only in individuals born in 1935 or earlier and who had not died from cardiovascular diseases. Selection bias may be an important issue when investigating risk factors for chronic degenerative diseases in older individuals using autopsy samples

Consumption of foods with a higher degree of processing is associated with overweight and abdominal obesity in women with breast cancer undergoing chemotherapy

This study evaluated food consumption according to its degree of processing and its relationship with body adiposity in 218 women with breast cancer. Food consumption was categorised according to the NOVA classification. Two groups were formed, the first composed by consumption of in natura, minimally processed foods and culinary ingredients (less processed foods) and the second one of processed and ultra-processed foods (more processed foods). The increase of 5% in the caloric contribution of more processed foods was associated with a 4% increase in the prevalence of overweight (p = 0.028) and 3% in prevalence of abdominal obesity (p = 0.018). This reinforces the importance of evaluating food consumption with a focus on the degree of processing, as it can contribute to the prevention of excess body fat in this group, as this excess is associated with a worse prognosis and survival.</p