Physics Potential of SPS Upgrade in regard to Beta/EC Beams

The goal for future neutrino facilities is the determination of the $[U_{e3}]$ mixing and CP violation in neutrino oscillations. This will require precision experiments with a very intense neutrino source. With this objective the creation of neutrino beams from the radioactive decay of boosted ions by the SPS of CERN from either beta or electron capture transitions has been propossed. We discuss the capabilities of such facilities as a function of the energy of the boost and the baseline for the detector. We conclude that the SPS upgrade to 1000 GeV is crucial to have a better sensitivity to CP violation if it is accompanied by a longer baseline. We compare the physics potential for two different configurations. In the case of beta beams, with the same boost for both $\beta^+$ (neutrinos) and $\beta^-$ (antineutrinos), the two setups are: I) $\gamma=120$, L=130 Km (Frejus); II) $\gamma=330$, L=650 Km (Canfranc). In the case of monochromatic EC beams we exploit the energy dependence of neutrino oscillations to separate out the two parameters $U(e3)$ and the CP phase $\delta$. Setup I runs at $\gamma=90$ and $\gamma=195$ (maximum achievable at present SPS) to Frejus, whereas Setup II runs at $\gamma=195$ and $\gamma=440$ (maximum achievable at upgraded SPS) to Canfranc. The main conclusion is that, whereas the gain in the determination of $U(e3)$ is rather modest, setup II provides much better sensitivity to CP violation.Comment: 6 pages, 10 figures, Proceedings of LHC LUMI 2006 CARE-HHH-AP Wokshop, October 2006, Valenci

Extended evolution equations for neutrino propagation in astrophysical and cosmological environments

We derive the evolution equations for a system of neutrinos interacting among themselves and with a matter background, based upon the Bogoliubov-Born-Green-Kirkwood-Yvon (BBGKY) hierarchy. This theoretical framework gives an (unclosed) set of first-order coupled integro-differential equations governing the evolution of the reduced density matrices. By employing the hierarchy, we first rederive the mean-field evolution equations for the neutrino one-body density matrix associated with a system of neutrinos and antineutrinos interacting with matter and with an anisotropic neutrino background. Then, we derive extended evolution equations to determine neutrino flavor conversion beyond the commonly used mean-field approximation. To this aim we include neutrino-antineutrino pairing correlations to the two-body density matrix. The inclusion of these new contributions leads to an extended evolution equation for the normal neutrino density and to an equation for the abnormal one involving the pairing mean-field. We discuss the possible impact of neutrino-antineutrino correlations on neutrino flavor conversion in the astrophysical and cosmological environments, and possibly upon the supernova dynamics. Our results can be easily generalized to an arbitrary number of neutrino families.Comment: 19 pages, 3 figures, minor corrections, references adde

Cosmological Constant and Local Gravity

We discuss the linearization of Einstein equations in the presence of a cosmological constant, by expanding the solution for the metric around a flat Minkowski space-time. We demonstrate that one can find consistent solutions to the linearized set of equations for the metric perturbations, in the Lorentz gauge, which are not spherically symmetric, but they rather exhibit a cylindrical symmetry. We find that the components of the gravitational field satisfying the appropriate Poisson equations have the property of ensuring that a scalar potential can be constructed, in which both contributions, from ordinary matter and $\Lambda > 0$, are attractive. In addition, there is a novel tensor potential, induced by the pressure density, in which the effect of the cosmological constant is repulsive. We also linearize the Schwarzschild-de Sitter exact solution of Einstein's equations (due to a generalization of Birkhoff's theorem) in the domain between the two horizons. We manage to transform it first to a gauge in which the 3-space metric is conformally flat and, then, make an additional coordinate transformation leading to the Lorentz gauge conditions. We compare our non-spherically symmetric solution with the linearized Schwarzschild-de Sitter metric, when the latter is transformed to the Lorentz gauge, and we find agreement. The resulting metric, however, does not acquire a proper Newtonian form in terms of the unique scalar potential that solves the corresponding Poisson equation. Nevertheless, our solution is stable, in the sense that the physical energy density is positive.Comment: 7 pages revtex, no figures; discussion on light bending added, no effect on conclusions, version to appear in Physical Review D

Search for new physics with neutrinos at Radioactive Ion Beam facilities

We propose applications of Radioactive Ion Beam facilities to investigate physics beyond the Standard Model. In particular, we focus on the possible measurement of coherent neutrino-nucleus scattering and on a search for sterile neutrinos, by means of a low energy beta-beam with a Lorentz boost factor $\gamma \approx 1$. In the considered setup the collected radioactive ions are sent inside a 4$\pi$ detector. For the first application we provide the number of events associated with neutrino-nucleus coherent scattering, when the detector is filled in with a noble liquid. For the sterile search we consider that the spherical detector is filled in with a liquid scintillator, and that the neutrino detection channel is inverse-beta decay. We provide the exclusion curves for the sterile neutrino mixing parameters, based upon the 3+1 formalism, depending upon the achievable ion intensity. Our results are obtained both from total rates, and including spectral information with binning in energy and in distance. The proposed experiment represents a possible alternative to clarify the current anomalies observed in neutrino experiments.Comment: 9 pages, 6 figures. v2 - added 2 figure

ANTIOXIDANT AND TOXICITY ACTIVITY IN VITRO OF TWELVE SAFROLE DERIVATIVES

Indexación: Web of Science; Scielo.The aim of this study was to determine the influence of substituents in aromatic ring and the side chain of safrole on the antioxidant capacity and toxicity of twelve synthetic derivatives of safrole (S1-S12). Each compound was analyzed by two antioxidant methods: DPPH and bleaching of β-carotene (DBC). Among the derivates of safrol assayed, S5, S6, S9, S10 and S11 showed the strongest antioxidant capacity: DPPH method, first order specific rate constant (0.0152, 0.0211, 0.0432, 0.0317 and 0.0072) and DBC (22.41 ± 0.13%, 10.71 ± 0.05 %, 9.12 ± 0.89 %, 30.97 ± 0.92 % and 19.08 ± 0.31 %), respectively. The toxicity of the active compounds was evaluated by means of two techniques, Artemia salina, LD50 (4466 ± 1057 ppm, 630 ± 108 ppm, 1513 ± 797 ppm, 1585 ± 317 ppm, 1259 ± 242 ppm) and red cells, Haemolysis (1.58 ± 0.98%, 4.02 ± 2.03%, 8.42 ± 1.38%, 2.59 ± 2.31%, 2.92 ± 0.52%), to provide preliminary information that can be used as a basis for further studies to contribute to the search for new antioxidants.http://ref.scielo.org/9sqp8

Percepción sobre Isigni de la comunidad de Sawa, Waspam, río Coco

This research describes the perception the Sawa community has about Isigni. It was a qualitative study based with a life history design that was achieve through the application of interviews and focus groups with healers, sukias, community leaders and community elders. The results of the investigation determine that in the community of Sawa the healing practices they inherited from their ancestors are still alive, they have the knowledge to identify the evil and solve the health problem that is cause by the Isigni. Therefore, the study concludes by stating that the healing of this disease consists in the application of medicinal plants, oratories and other types of healing rituals.Esta investigación describe la percepción sobre Isigni de la comunidad de Sawa. Fue un estudio cualitativo con un diseño de historia de vida donde se suministró una entrevista a curanderos, sukias, líderes comunales, ancianos y ancianas de la comunidad, así como grupos focales a estos mismos actores de la comunidad. Los resultados de la investigación determinan que en la comunidad de Sawa se mantienen viva las prácticas de sanación heredado de sus antepasados, tienen el conocimiento de identificar el mal y resolver el problema de salud que provoca el Isigni. Se concluye que la sanación a esta enfermedad consiste en la aplicación de plantas medicinales, oratorias y otros tipos de rituales de sanación

Las importaciones de acero (planchas, vigas y ángulos) en el Ecuador: Análisis y perspectivas período 2000-2009.

Industria del hierroLa importancia del acero, como producto indispensable en el desarrollo industrial de las naciones, ha hecho que su demanda crezca continuamente, volviendo especulativo al mercado del acero. En el presente trabajo se hace un análisis de este fenómeno y se trata de establecer una relación entre el precio del acero y su demanda. En el primer capítulo se realiza una descripción conceptual de la elasticidad precio de la demanda, sus principales componentes, importancia y cálculo. Además, se hace referencia al marco teórico sobre el comercio internacional, el multiplicador de las importaciones y la propensión marginal a importar. A continuación, en el segundo capítulo, se analiza la evolución de las importaciones de acero en el Ecuador y sus variaciones de precio. En primer término, se realiza una breve descripción de los productos de acero que se analizan en el presente estudio: planchas, vigas y ángulos; su composición, producción y características. Luego, se analiza la evolución de los precios del acero, así como las importaciones al país y las probables causas de su variación entre los años 2000 y 2010, para finalmente con estos datos realizar el cálculo de la elasticidad precio de la demanda del acero en el Ecuador. En el tercer capítulo, se estudian los sectores de la construcción y metalmecánico, su contribución en el desarrollo del país, por su aporte en el PIB y su generación de empleo; se analiza su evolución en los últimos diez años y los factores que impulsaron su desarrollo. Además en este capítulo, se establece la relación que tiene el desarrollo de los sectores de la construcción y la metalmecánica con las importaciones de acero.The importance of steel as an indispensable product in the industrial development of nations, has made its demand grow continuously, returning to the speculative steel market. In this paper an analysis of this phenomenon and is trying to establish a relationship between steel prices and demand. In the first chapter a conceptual description of the price elasticity of demand, its main components, importance and calculation. In addition, reference is made to the theoretical framework on international trade, imports multiplier and the marginal propensity to import. Then, in the second chapter, the evolution of imports of steel in Ecuador and price variations are analyzed. First, a brief description of steel products analyzed in the present study is performed: plates, beams and angles; composition, production and characteristics. Then, the evolution of steel prices is analyzed, as well as imports into the country and the probable causes of variation between 2000 and 2010, and finally with this data in the calculation of the price elasticity of demand for steel in Ecuador. In the third chapter, the sectors of construction and metalworking, their contribution to the development of the country, for its contribution to GDP and employment generation are studied; its evolution is analyzed in the last ten years and the factors that drove its development. Also in this chapter, the relationship of the development of the sectors of construction and metalworking steel imports set