Evaluación de la actividad antibacteriana de los extractos hexánicos de las inflorescencias de palmas comestibles de la sierra de Tabasco, México

Con el objetivo de buscar alternativas para la prevención y tratamiento de infecciones de origen alimentario, la actividad antibacteriana de los extractos crudos de dos palmas (Astrocaryum mexicanumLiebm. ex Mart. yChamaedorea cataractarumMart.) contra tres bacterias (Staphylococcus aureusATCC 25923,Salmonella typhimuriumATCC 14028 yBacillus cereusATCC 11778) fue evaluada. La parte comestible de las inflorescencias de cada especie se secó a 40ºC por 48 horas, se molió y almacenó para su posterior estudio. Los extractos crudos de etanol y hexano, se obtuvieron mediante maceración a temperatura ambiente durante 24 horas con los respectivos solventes. La actividad antimicrobiana se evaluó mediante la técnica de difusión en agar con discos impregnados con el extracto crudo de cada especie. La determinación de la concentración mínima inhibitoria (CMI) se realizó mediante el método de dilución en caldo y la concentración mínima bactericida (CMB) sembrando las diluciones sin turbidez para observar la presencia de colonias bacterianas. Se encontró que los extractos hexánicos de la inflorescencia deC. cataractarumyA. mexicanumno presentaron actividad contraS. typhimurium. Ninguno de los extractos etanólicos presentó actividad antibacteriana a la concentración ensayada. La CMI del extracto hexánico de C. cataractarum fue de 3.85 mg ml-1paraB. cereus. Finalmente, se encontró que los extractos etanólicos de las especies estudiadas no presentaron una CMI ni CMB a la mayor concentración probada (60 mg ml-1)

Exploring APOE genotype effects on Alzheimer's disease risk and amyloid β burden in individuals with subjective cognitive decline: The FundacioACE Healthy Brain Initiative (FACEHBI) study baseline results

Introduction: Subjective cognitive decline (SCD) has been proposed as a potential preclinical stage of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Nevertheless, the genetic and biomarker profiles of SCD individuals remain mostly unexplored. Methods: We evaluated apolipoprotein E (APOE) ε4's effect in the risk of presenting SCD, using the Fundacio ACE Healthy Brain Initiative (FACEHBI) SCD cohort and Spanish controls, and performed a meta-analysis addressing the same question. We assessed the relationship between APOE dosage and brain amyloid burden in the FACEHBI SCD and Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative cohorts. Results: Analysis of the FACEHBI cohort and the meta-analysis demonstrated SCD individuals presented higher allelic frequencies of APOE ε4 with respect to controls. APOE dosage explained 9% (FACEHBI cohort) and 11% (FACEHBI and Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative cohorts) of the variance of cerebral amyloid levels. Discussion: The FACEHBI sample presents APOE ε4 enrichment, suggesting that a pool of AD patients is nested in our sample. Cerebral amyloid levels are partially explained by the APOE allele dosage, suggesting that other genetic or epigenetic factors are involved in this AD endophenotype

Population-based multicase-control study in common tumors in Spain (MCC-Spain): rationale and study design

Introduction: We present the protocol of a large population-based case-control study of 5 common tumors in Spain (MCC-Spain) that evaluates environmental exposures and genetic factors. Methods: Between 2008-2013, 10,183 persons aged 20-85 years were enrolled in 23 hospitals and primary care centres in 12 Spanish provinces including 1,115 cases of a new diagnosis of prostate cancer, 1,750 of breast cancer, 2,171 of colorectal cancer, 492 of gastro-oesophageal cancer, 554 cases of chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) and 4,101 population-based controls matched by frequency to cases by age, sex and region of residence. Participation rates ranged from 57% (stomach cancer) to 87% (CLL cases) and from 30% to 77% in controls. Participants completed a face-to-face computerized interview on sociodemographic factors, environmental exposures, occupation, medication, lifestyle, and personal and family medical history. In addition, participants completed a self-administered food-frequency questionnaire and telephone interviews. Blood samples were collected from 76% of participants while saliva samples were collected in CLL cases and participants refusing blood extractions. Clinical information was recorded for cases and paraffin blocks and/or fresh tumor samples are available in most collaborating hospitals. Genotyping was done through an exome array enriched with genetic markers in specific pathways. Multiple analyses are planned to assess the association of environmental, personal and genetic risk factors for each tumor and to identify pleiotropic effects. Discussion: This study, conducted within the Spanish Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology & Public Health (CIBERESP), is a unique initiative to evaluate etiological factors for common cancers and will promote cancer research and prevention in Spain.The study was partially funded by the “Accion Transversal del Cancer”, approved on the Spanish Ministry Council on the 11th October 2007, by the Instituto de Salud Carlos III-FEDER (PI08/1770, PI08/0533, PI08/1359, PS09/00773, PS09/01286, PS09/01903, PS09/02078, PS09/01662, PI11/01403, PI11/01889, PI11/00226, PI11/01810, PI11/02213, PI12/00488, PI12/00265, PI12/01270, PI12/00715, PI12/00150), by the Fundación Marqués de Valdecilla (API 10/09), by the ICGC International Cancer Genome Consortium CLL, by the Junta de Castilla y León (LE22A10-2), by the Consejería de Salud of the Junta de Andalucía (PI-0571), by the Conselleria de Sanitat of the Generalitat Valenciana (AP 061/10), by the Recercaixa (2010ACUP 00310), by the Regional Government of the Basque Country by European Commission grants FOOD-CT- 2006-036224-HIWATE, by the Spanish Association Against Cancer (AECC) Scientific Foundation, by the The Catalan Government DURSI grant 2009SGR1489

Marine Biodiversity in the Caribbean: Regional Estimates and Distribution Patterns

This paper provides an analysis of the distribution patterns of marine biodiversity and summarizes the major activities of the Census of Marine Life program in the Caribbean region. The coastal Caribbean region is a large marine ecosystem (LME) characterized by coral reefs, mangroves, and seagrasses, but including other environments, such as sandy beaches and rocky shores. These tropical ecosystems incorporate a high diversity of associated flora and fauna, and the nations that border the Caribbean collectively encompass a major global marine biodiversity hot spot. We analyze the state of knowledge of marine biodiversity based on the geographic distribution of georeferenced species records and regional taxonomic lists. A total of 12,046 marine species are reported in this paper for the Caribbean region. These include representatives from 31 animal phyla, two plant phyla, one group of Chromista, and three groups of Protoctista. Sampling effort has been greatest in shallow, nearshore waters, where there is relatively good coverage of species records; offshore and deep environments have been less studied. Additionally, we found that the currently accepted classification of marine ecoregions of the Caribbean did not apply for the benthic distributions of five relatively well known taxonomic groups. Coastal species richness tends to concentrate along the Antillean arc (Cuba to the southernmost Antilles) and the northern coast of South America (Venezuela – Colombia), while no pattern can be observed in the deep sea with the available data. Several factors make it impossible to determine the extent to which these distribution patterns accurately reflect the true situation for marine biodiversity in general: (1) highly localized concentrations of collecting effort and a lack of collecting in many areas and ecosystems, (2) high variability among collecting methods, (3) limited taxonomic expertise for many groups, and (4) differing levels of activity in the study of different taxa

¿Qué queda de mí?

Este libro es una reclamación a quienes hemos sido, somos o seremos docentes. A quienes no hemos respetado a las personas que se han puesto junto a nosotros y nosotras, confiando su bien más preciado: la libertad. Estas páginas denuncian cada vez que convertimos una visión en la visión, una emoción en la emoción, un saber en el saber, un comportamiento en el comportamiento. Es un grito contra la imposición, la normalización, la neutralización y la universalización de una perspectiva particular. Una pugna contra cada proceso que no se ha conectado con las vidas de los aprendices. Un texto colaborativo realizado por alumnado de Educación y Cambio Social en el Grado en Educación Infantil de la Universidad de Málaga y coordinado por Ignacio Calderón Almendros

Mortality from gastrointestinal congenital anomalies at 264 hospitals in 74 low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries: a multicentre, international, prospective cohort study

Summary Background Congenital anomalies are the fifth leading cause of mortality in children younger than 5 years globally. Many gastrointestinal congenital anomalies are fatal without timely access to neonatal surgical care, but few studies have been done on these conditions in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). We compared outcomes of the seven most common gastrointestinal congenital anomalies in low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries globally, and identified factors associated with mortality. Methods We did a multicentre, international prospective cohort study of patients younger than 16 years, presenting to hospital for the first time with oesophageal atresia, congenital diaphragmatic hernia, intestinal atresia, gastroschisis, exomphalos, anorectal malformation, and Hirschsprung’s disease. Recruitment was of consecutive patients for a minimum of 1 month between October, 2018, and April, 2019. We collected data on patient demographics, clinical status, interventions, and outcomes using the REDCap platform. Patients were followed up for 30 days after primary intervention, or 30 days after admission if they did not receive an intervention. The primary outcome was all-cause, in-hospital mortality for all conditions combined and each condition individually, stratified by country income status. We did a complete case analysis. Findings We included 3849 patients with 3975 study conditions (560 with oesophageal atresia, 448 with congenital diaphragmatic hernia, 681 with intestinal atresia, 453 with gastroschisis, 325 with exomphalos, 991 with anorectal malformation, and 517 with Hirschsprung’s disease) from 264 hospitals (89 in high-income countries, 166 in middleincome countries, and nine in low-income countries) in 74 countries. Of the 3849 patients, 2231 (58·0%) were male. Median gestational age at birth was 38 weeks (IQR 36–39) and median bodyweight at presentation was 2·8 kg (2·3–3·3). Mortality among all patients was 37 (39·8%) of 93 in low-income countries, 583 (20·4%) of 2860 in middle-income countries, and 50 (5·6%) of 896 in high-income countries (p<0·0001 between all country income groups). Gastroschisis had the greatest difference in mortality between country income strata (nine [90·0%] of ten in lowincome countries, 97 [31·9%] of 304 in middle-income countries, and two [1·4%] of 139 in high-income countries; p≤0·0001 between all country income groups). Factors significantly associated with higher mortality for all patients combined included country income status (low-income vs high-income countries, risk ratio 2·78 [95% CI 1·88–4·11], p<0·0001; middle-income vs high-income countries, 2·11 [1·59–2·79], p<0·0001), sepsis at presentation (1·20 [1·04–1·40], p=0·016), higher American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score at primary intervention (ASA 4–5 vs ASA 1–2, 1·82 [1·40–2·35], p<0·0001; ASA 3 vs ASA 1–2, 1·58, [1·30–1·92], p<0·0001]), surgical safety checklist not used (1·39 [1·02–1·90], p=0·035), and ventilation or parenteral nutrition unavailable when needed (ventilation 1·96, [1·41–2·71], p=0·0001; parenteral nutrition 1·35, [1·05–1·74], p=0·018). Administration of parenteral nutrition (0·61, [0·47–0·79], p=0·0002) and use of a peripherally inserted central catheter (0·65 [0·50–0·86], p=0·0024) or percutaneous central line (0·69 [0·48–1·00], p=0·049) were associated with lower mortality. Interpretation Unacceptable differences in mortality exist for gastrointestinal congenital anomalies between lowincome, middle-income, and high-income countries. Improving access to quality neonatal surgical care in LMICs will be vital to achieve Sustainable Development Goal 3.2 of ending preventable deaths in neonates and children younger than 5 years by 2030

Comidas y bebidas en celebraciones y ritos como rasgo de identidad cultural tabasqueña

Objective: The aim of the present research was the registration of meals and beverages present in parties and rituals of the state as a part of the Tabasco alimentary identity. Methodology: The information was recovered in a questionary applied to Tabasco inhabitants who mentioned their participation in different familiar parties and rituals as well as the meals that they consumed in each one. Results: It was found that every family celebrate different parties and rituals and that there are different emblematic meals several of them. Limitations: The present paper does not report the alimentary culture of all the state inhabitants because the response of the survey was not the expected one, although the municipality representativity along the state was achieved. Conclusions: It was considered that several specific meals were registered as part of the identity of Tabasco alimentary culture because they are prepared with local natural resources.Objetivo: realizar un registro de las comidas y bebidas que están presentes en las fiestas y rituales en el estado de Tabasco como parte de la identidad alimentaria tabasqueña. Metodología: la recuperación de la información se realizó mediante encuestas aplicadas a habitantes del estado y que mencionaron su participación en celebraciones de tipo familiar y social, así como los alimentos que consumen en cada una. Resultados: se encontró que cada familia participa en diferentes fiestas y rituales; que existen alimentos propios de estas celebraciones y que algunos son exclusivos o emblemáticos de alguna de ellas. Limitaciones: el presente trabajo no reporta la cultura alimentaria de los habitantes de todos municipios del estado porque la respuesta a la encuesta enviada no fue la esperada, aunque se consideró que se logró la representatividad a lo largo del estado. Conclusiones: se consideró que algunas comidas dan identidad a la cultura alimentaria tabasqueña porque se preparan con recursos naturales locales

Estrategias para mejorar la germinación de semillas de Calyptrogyne ghiesbreghtiana (Linden & H. Wendland)

Because of the phytogenetic resources extraction and conservation interest, germination induction tests were carried out in the Calyptrogyneg ghiesbreghtiana (Linden & H. Wendland) species, known as guanito de taliz, a threatened species of the Arecaceae family. Greenhouse germination tests were performed using four treatments: immersion in 0.3% H2O2 solution, 0.02% KNO3, 1% GA3 and distilled water soaking, all of them applied for a 24 h period on seeds without epycarpium; a control treatment on seeds with epycarpium was included. Another alternative used was the in vitro germination induction, using whole seeds and isolated embryos; to do so, each flask with three embryo or seeds in MS medium with sucrose added to 3% without growth regula-tors and solidified with Phytagel (2 gL-1). This was considered as an experimental unit. By evaluating the effect of chemical substances in C. ghiesbreghtiana seed germination, It was found that immersion in 0.3% H2O2 solution resulted in the highest greenhouse germination percentage (84.59%), statistically different from the rest of the methods used and the control treatment. With regard to the rescue and culture of zygotic embryos under in vitro conditions, the best answer was observed with the complete isolated of embryos. In both strategies, it was really important to carry out the experiments with fresh seeds with no more than two weeks from collection, due to the loss of cell viability. The use of H2O2, under greenhouse conditions, implies an economical optionfor nurserymen and it can contribute to the production of plants for reforestation, as well as the use of embryo rescue technique to support conservation and wise use of the species.A causa de la extracción de recursos fitogenéticos y el interés por desarrollar estrategias para su conservación, se efectuaron pruebas de inducción de germinación en la especie Calyptrogyne ghiesbreghtiana (Linden & H. Wendland), conocida como guanito de taliz, que es una especie amenazada de la familia Arecaceae. Se realizaron pruebas de germinación en vivero empleando cuatro tratamientos: inmersión en solución de H2O2 al 0.3%, KNO3 al 0.02%, GA3 al 1% y remojo en agua destilada, todos ellos por un periodo de 24 horas en semillas sin epicarpio; se incluyó como testigo un tratamiento de semilla con epicarpio. Las otras alternativas empleadas fueron la inducción de germinación bajo condiciones in vitro utilizando semillas completas y embriones aislados; para ello, cada frasco con tres embriones, o semillas, en medio MS adicionado con sacarosa al 3% y sin reguladores de crecimiento y solidificado con Phytagel (2 g L-1), fue considerado como una unidad experimental. Al evaluar el efecto de sustancias químicas en la germinación de semillas de C. ghiesbreghtiana, se encontró que el tratamiento de inmersión en solución de H2O2 al 0.3% resultó con el porcentaje más alto de germinación (84.59%) en vivero, siendo estadísticamente diferente al resto de los tratamientos y al testigo. Respecto al rescate y cultivo bajo condiciones in vitro de embriones cigóticos, la mejor respuesta se observó con el aislamiento completo de los embriones. En ambas estrategias, resultó importante efectuar los experimentos con semillas frescas, de no más de dos semanas de colecta, debido a la pérdida de viabilidad celular. La utilización de H2O2 en condiciones de vivero, representa una opción económica para viveristas y puede contribuir a la producción de plantas con fines de reforestación así como el empleo de la técnica de rescate de embriones para apoyar la conservación y uso racional de la especie

Evaluación de la actividad antibacteriana de los extractos hexánicos de las inflorescencias de palmas comestibles de la Sierra de Tabasco, México

In order to search for prevention and treatment alternatives of food infections, the evaluation of the antibacterial activity of extracts of the palms Astrocaryum mexicanum Liebm. ex Mart. and Chamaedorea. cataractarum Mart. against three bacteria strains (Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, Salmonella typhimurium ATCC 14028 and Bacillus cereus ATCC 11778) was performed. The edible part of each palm inflorescences were dried at 40°C for 48 h and grounded and stored for later study. Crude extracts obtained with ethanol or hexane, by 24 h maceration at room temperature were prepared. The antimicrobial activity was assessed using the agar diffusion method with crude extract impregnated discs. Determination of Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) was performed using the broth dilution method and the Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) by inoculating the dilutions without turbidity for bacterial colony presence searching. We found that the hexanic extract of C. cataractarum and A. mexicanum showed no activity against S. typhimurium. None of the ethanol extracts showed antibacterial activity with the tested concentrations. The MIC of C. cataractarum hexanic extract was 3.85 mg ml-1for both B. cereus. Finally, it was found that ethanolic extracts of the studied species did not presented a MIC or MBC at the highest concentration tested (60 mg ml-1).Con el objetivo de buscar alternativas para la prevención y tratamiento de infecciones de origen alimentario, la actividad antibacteriana de los extractos crudos de dos palmas (Astrocaryum mexicanum Liebm. ex Mart. y Chamaedorea cataractarum Mart.) contra tres bacterias (Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, Salmonella typhimurium ATCC 14028 y Bacillus cereus ATCC 11778) fue evaluada. La parte comestible de las inflorescencias de cada especie se secó a 40°C por 48 horas, se molió y almacenó para su posterior estudio. Los extractos crudos de etanol y hexano, se obtuvieron mediante maceración a temperatura ambiente durante 24 horas con los respectivos solventes. La actividad antimicrobiana se evaluó mediante la técnica de difusión en agar con discos impregnados con el extracto crudo de cada especie. La determinación de la concentración mínima inhibitoria (CMI) se realizó mediante el método de dilución en caldo y la concentración mínima bactericida (CMB) sembrando las diluciones sin turbidez para observar la presencia de colonias bacterianas. Se encontró que los extractos hexánicos de la inflorescencia de C. cataractarum y A. mexicanum no presentaron actividad contra S. typhimurium. Ninguno de los extractos etanólicos presentó actividad antibacteriana a la concentración ensayada. La CMI del extracto hexánico de C. cataractarum fue de 3.85 mg ml-1 para B. cereus. Finalmente, se encontró que los extractos etanólicos de las especies estudiadas no presentaron una CMI ni CMB a la mayor concentración probada (60 mg ml-1)

Evaluación de la actividad antibacteriana de los extractos hexánicos de las inflorescencias de palmas comestibles de la sierra de Tabasco, México

Con el objetivo de buscar alternativas para la prevención y tratamiento de infecciones de origen alimentario, la actividad antibacteriana de los extractos crudos de dos palmas (Astrocaryum mexicanumLiebm. ex Mart. yChamaedorea cataractarumMart.) contra tres bacterias (Staphylococcus aureusATCC 25923,Salmonella typhimuriumATCC 14028 yBacillus cereusATCC 11778) fue evaluada. La parte comestible de las inflorescencias de cada especie se secó a 40ºC por 48 horas, se molió y almacenó para su posterior estudio. Los extractos crudos de etanol y hexano, se obtuvieron mediante maceración a temperatura ambiente durante 24 horas con los respectivos solventes. La actividad antimicrobiana se evaluó mediante la técnica de difusión en agar con discos impregnados con el extracto crudo de cada especie. La determinación de la concentración mínima inhibitoria (CMI) se realizó mediante el método de dilución en caldo y la concentración mínima bactericida (CMB) sembrando las diluciones sin turbidez para observar la presencia de colonias bacterianas. Se encontró que los extractos hexánicos de la inflorescencia deC. cataractarumyA. mexicanumno presentaron actividad contraS. typhimurium. Ninguno de los extractos etanólicos presentó actividad antibacteriana a la concentración ensayada. La CMI del extracto hexánico de C. cataractarum fue de 3.85 mg ml-1paraB. cereus. Finalmente, se encontró que los extractos etanólicos de las especies estudiadas no presentaron una CMI ni CMB a la mayor concentración probada (60 mg ml-1).</span