REDOX CELL HYDRODYNAMIC MODELLING: TOWARDS REAL IMPROVED GEOMETRY BASED ON CFD ANALYSIS

[EN] Redox cell is an assembly consisting of electrodes surrounded by a volume of electrolyte (liquid). The redox cell device stores electrical energy with full of high acid flows and this acidity causes big difficulties for physical modeling. To overcome this problem, numerical and experimental analysis of those flows in a real redox cell have been developed and here described. A methodology to improve redox cell performance based on the analysis of the electrolyte flow is proposed. Improvements in the flow uniformity are achieved by means of the definition of some designed parameters based on CFD analysis. The depicted methodology is applied to a specific redox cell geometry for improving authors¿ previous designs. This article quantifies parameters for this particular case and the proposed improvements. The considered CFD model is also validated with experimental data using a real scale cell built in transparent material. The convergence between experimental and numerical results is fairly good. Finally, the geometry designed based on this proposed methodology presents 0% dead zones or recirculations in the membrane area, which will definitely improve the overall interchange efficiency of the cell. This validated methodology is presented for a real future design strategy of these sorts of devices.Escudero Gonzalez, J.; López Jiménez, PA. (2014). REDOX CELL HYDRODYNAMIC MODELLING: TOWARDS REAL IMPROVED GEOMETRY BASED ON CFD ANALYSIS. Engineering Applications of Computational Fluid Mechanics. 8(3):435-446. doi:10.1080/19942060.2014.11015527S43544683Bannari A, Cirtiu C, Kerdouss F, Proulx P, Menard H (2006). Turbulence intensity in an electrochemical cell: effect on reactor performance.Chemical Engineering and Processing: Process Intensification45:471–480.Bard A, Faulkner L (2001).Electrochemical Methods. Wiley.Castelain C, Mokrani A, Legentilhomme P, Peerhossaini H (1997). Residence time distribution in twisted pipe flows: helically coiled system and chaotic system.Experiments in Fluids22(5):359–368.Cebeci T, Bradshaw P (1977).Momentum Transfer in Boundary Layers. McGraw-Hill.Chen H, Ngoc-Cong T, Yang W, Tan C, Li Y, Ding Y; Chen, H; Ngoc-Cong, T (2009) Progress in electrical energy storage system: a critical review.Progress in Natural Science19(3):291–312.CD-Adapco. (2013).User Guide STAR-CCM+. Version 8.06. © 2013Codina G (1992).Desarrollo de una Planta de Acumulación de Energía Eléctrica Basada en el Acumulador Redox Fe/Cr. Thesis. Universidad de Alicante,Demirdzic I, Muzaferija S (1995). Numerical method for coupled Fluid Flow heat transfer and stress analysis using unstructured moving meshes with cells of arbitrary topology.Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering125:232–255.Escudero-González J, Alberola A, López-Jiménez P (2013). Redox cell hydrodynamic modelling, simulation and experimental validation.Engineering Applications of Computational Fluid Mechanics7(2):168–181.Escudero-González, J., & López-Jiménez, P. A. (2014). Iron redox battery as electrical energy storage system in the Spanish energetic framework. International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems, 61, 421-428. doi:10.1016/j.ijepes.2014.03.067Eyer, James M, Corey, Garth P, Iannucci, Joseph J (2004). Sponsoring Organization: USDOE 2004.Frias-Ferrer A (2004).Optimización de la Hidrodinámica de Reactores Electroquímicos:Empleo de Métodos Experimentales y Numéricos. Thesis. Universidad de Alicante.Jörissen L, Frey H (2009). ENERGY | Energy storage.Encyclopedia of Electrochemical Power Sources215–231.Kondoh J, Ishii I, Yamaguchi H, Murata A, Otani K, Sakuta K, Higuchi N, Sekine S, Kamimoto M (2010). Electrical energy storage systems for energy networks.Energy Conversion and Management41:1863–1874.Mellentine J (2011).Performance Characterization and Cost Assessment of an Iron Hybrid Flow Battery. Thesis. University of Iceland.Moore S, David (2003).The Basic Practice of Statistics, 3rd Edition. New York: W,H, Freeman and Company.Navidi W (2006).Estadística Para Ingenieros y Científicos, 1st Edition. New York: McGraw-Hill Companies Inc.Parker C (2009). APPLICATIONS – STATIONARY | Energy storage systems: batteries.Encyclopedia of Electrochemical Power Sources53–64.Rahman F, Rehman S, Abdul-Majeed M (2012). Overview of energy storage systems for storing electricity from renewable energy sources in Saudi Arabia.Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews16:274–283.Reddy T (2002).Linden’s Handbook of Batteries, 3rd Edition. McGraw-Hill Professional,Scamman D, Reade G, Roberts E (2009). Numerical modelling of a bromide–polysulphide redox flow battery: part 1: modelling approach and validation for a pilot-scale.Jounal of Power Sources189:1220–1230.Shih TH, Liou WW, Shabbir A, Yang Z, Zhu J (1994). A new k-ɛ eddy viscosity model for hight Reynolds number turbulent flows - model developmente and validation.NASA TM106721.Shukla A, Venugopalan S, Hariprakash B (2001). Nickel-based rechargeable batteries.Jounal Power Sources100:122–148.Vazquez S, Lukic SM, Galvan E, Franquelo LG, Carrasco JM (2010). Energy storage systems for transport and grid applications.IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics57(12):3881–3895.Walawalkar R, Apt J (2008).Market Analysis of Emerging Electric Energy Storage System. DOE/NETL-2008/1330

Economía Zeta

Treball Final de Grau en Periodisme. Codi: PE0932. Curs: 2022/202

Informe sobre las actividades llevadas a cabo en la Comisión Nacional de Especialidad en Psicología Clínica (CNEPC)

-Se detallan a continuación los principales aspectos que se han venido tratando en la Comisión Nacional de la Especialidad durante el último año

Crowd_UC3M: microfinanciación para ideas innovadoras

El proyecto Crowd_UC3M, gestionado por el Parque Científico de la UC3M, está basado en el crowdfunding, que busca involucrar como "mecenas” a la propia sociedad. Se ofrecen entrevistas con investigadores promotores de los proyectos que han obtenido la financiación colectiva para poder llevarlos a cabo.Contiene entrevistas con: María Amparo Escudero, Miembro del equipo de Menudos Corazones (p. 22). -- Nieves Limón, Investigadora de la UC3M y miembro del equipo de GYF. Género y Figura (p. 23). -- Dania Olmos, investigadora de la UC3M, miembro del equipo de Prevención de Enfermedades con materiales antimicrobianos (p. 24). -- Daniel Prado, Miembro del equipo de #empleoconred (p. 25). -- Judit Chamorro, Antigua Alumna de la UC3M - Miembro del equipo de The Illuminated Bulb

Redox cell hydrodynamics modeling. Simulation and experimental validation

An electrochemical reactor is an assembly capable of withstanding an electrochemical reaction of practical application. It consists of electrodes surrounded by a volume of liquid electrolyte. Major difficulty and challenge involved in this modeling is the fact that real experimentation with high acid flows is extremely difficult to perform: to overcome them, some assumptions are proposed in order to achieve a computational model suitable to be used as virtual laboratory for redox batteries designers. A model is proposed to analyze the flow of the liquid electrolyte in an electrochemical reactor. Numerical and experimental analysis of such flow in a prototype of a real reactor are proposed. Good hydraulic behaviors will be shown in the majority of the volume, even if there are zones with practically no velocities or with recirculations. These volumes are used to define the parameters that indicate the hydraulic operation. This article describes the experimental and numerical modeling applied to a particular Iron Flow Cell prototype. The experimental validation has shown little numerical errors, smaller that 2.25%. This methodological research provides a very powerful calibrated tool which will help engineers in a future in the decision-making in order to optimize real designs.Escudero González, J.; Alberola, A.; López Jiménez, PA. (2013). Redox cell hydrodynamics modeling. Simulation and experimental validation. Engineering Applications of Computational Fluid Mechanics. 7(2):168-181. doi:10.1080/19942060.2013.11015462S16818172Bard AJ, Faulkner LR (2001).Electrochemical Methods: Fundamentals and Applications. Wiley.Cebeci T, Bradshaw, P (1977).Momentum Transfer in Boundary Layers. McGraw-Hill.Codina G (1992).Desarrollo de una Planta de Acumulación de Energía Eléctrica Basada en el Acumulador Redox Fe/Cr. Thesis. Universidad de Alicante.Date A (2005).Introduction to Computational Fluid Dynamics. Cambridge University Press.Frías-Ferrer AJ (2004).Optimización de la Hidrodinámica de Reactores Electroquímicos: Empleo de Métodos Experimentales y Numéricos. Thesis. Alicante University, Spain.Norris LH, Reynolds WC (1975).Turbulent Channel Flow with a Moving Wavy Boundary. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stanford University, USA.Star CCm+ (2012).User´s Manual. CD Adapco. 200 Shepherds Bush Road, London, W6 7NL. England

Let's End HepC: modelling public health epidemiological policies applied to Hepatitis C in Spain

Background: The WHO has defined international targets toward the elimination of hepatitis C by 2030. Most countries cannot be on track to achieve this goal unless many challenges are surpassed. The Let's End HepC (LEHC) tool aims to contribute to the control of hepatitis C. The innovation of this tool combines the modelling of public health policies (PHP) focused on hepatitis C with epidemiological modelling of the disease, obtaining a unique result that allows to forecast the impact of policy outcomes. The model was applied to several countries, including Spain. Methods: To address the stated objective, we applied the “Adaptive Conjoint Analysis” for PHP decision-making and Markov Chains in the LEHC modelling tool. The tool also aims to be used as an element of health literacy for patient advocacy through gamification mechanisms and country comparability. The LEHC project has been conducted in several countries, including Spain. The population segments comprised in the project are: People Who Inject Drugs (PWID), prisoners, blood products, remnant population. Results: A total of 24 PHP related to hepatitis C were included in the LEHC project. It was identified that Spain had fully implemented 14 of those policies to control hepatitis C. According to LEHC's model forecast, the WHO's Hepatitis C elimination goal on reducing the number of patients living with Hepatitis C to 10% can be achieved in Spain by 2026 if current policies are maintained. The model estimates that the total population in Spain, by 2026, is expected to comprise 26,367 individuals living with hepatitis C. Moreover, if the 24 PHP considered for this study are fully implemented in Spain, the elimination goal may be achieved in 2024, with 29,615 individuals living with hepatitis C by that year. Conclusion: The findings corroborate the view that Spain has set great efforts in directing PHP toward Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) elimination by 2030. However, there is still room for improvement, namely in further implementing 10 of the 24 PHP considered for the LEHC project. By maintaining the 14 PHP in force, the LEHC model estimates the HCV elimination in the country by 2026, and by 2024 if further measures are employed to control the disease.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Interrogación y argumentación en la Carta Atenagórica de Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz

Los estudios argumentativos de la Carta Atenagórica revelan que existe un vacío en el análisis de ciertas estrategias, como los enunciados interrogativos. Este trabajo, a través del modelo de Toulmin, explora la función de aquellos desde una perspectiva pragmática, para conocer su intención e impacto argumentativo en el texto. Pero el análisis de la estructura identifica también el estilo retórico que Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz usó para responder a sus oponentes, además de su derecho como persona, mujer y religiosa para hablar y sostener su tesis, es decir, de ser un interlocutor del discurso de la época. De esta forma, los interrogativos son otra faceta de la forma estilística que la Décima Musa usó para la creación de su defensa discursiva.A review of the argumentative studies of the Athenagoric Letter reveals that certain strategies, such as interrogative sentences, have not been analyzed. Using the Toulmin model, the article explores the function of those sentences from a pragmatic perspective, in order to identify their intention and argumentative impact on the text. The structural analysis also identifies the rhetorical style used by Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz to respond to her opponents, as well as her right as a person, a woman, and a nun to speak and defend her thesis, that is, her right to be an interlocutor in the discourse of the period. In conclusion, interrogative sentences are another facet of the stylistic form used by the Tenth Muse to create her discursive defense.Os estudos argumentativos da Carta Atenagórica revelam que existe um vazio na análise de certas estratégias, como os enunciados interrogativos. Este trabalho, por meio do modelo de Toulmin, explora a função daqueles sob a perspectiva pragmática para conhecer sua intenção e impacto argumentativos no texto. No entanto, a análise da estrutura identifica também o estilo retórico que Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz usou para responder aos seus oponentes, além de seu direito como pessoa, mulher e religiosa para falar e sustentar sua tese, isto é, de ser um interlocutor do discurso da época. Dessa maneira, os interrogativos são outra faceta da forma estilística que a Décima Musa utilizou para a criação de sua defesa discursiva

Resultados de un programa de tratamiento psicológico grupal para la enfermedad inflamatoria intestinal

Resumen: Durante los últimos años parece evidente que el estrés psicológico y los trastornos afectivos ejercen influencia sobre el curso de la enfermedad inflamatoria intestinal. En una muestra de 35 sujetos se analizó la eficacia de un tratamiento psicológico cognitivo-conductual en formato grupal. Para ello, se analizaron los cambios en las estrategias de afrontamiento del estrés y manejo de la enfermedad, en la sintomatología depresiva y en la calidad de vida tras el tratamiento. Se observaron, diferencias significativas en la calidad de vida, en todas las escalas de afrontamiento del estrés, excepto en autofocalización negativa, mejorando la sintomatología depresiva. La terapia cognitivo-conductual es la intervención psicológica más prometedora según los datos empíricos obtenidos hasta la fecha y podría empezar a ser considerada como parte del tratamiento integral para estos pacientes.Abstract: Results of a group psychological treatment protocol for inflammatory bowel disease. During the last years, it has become clear that stress and affective disorders have influence on the course of inflammatory bowel disease. In a sample of 35 subjects, the effectiveness of a cognitive-behavioral treatment was analyzed in a group format. For this, changes in coping strategies and stress and disease management, in depressive symptoms and quality of life after treatment were analyzed. Significant differences were observed in quality of life and in all stress coping scales except negative self-targeting, improving depressive symptoms. Cognitive-behavioral therapy is the most promising psychological intervention according to the empirical data obtained so far and could begin to be considered part of a comprehensive treatment for these patients

New distance measures for classifying X-ray astronomy data into stellar classes

The classification of the X-ray sources into classes (such as extragalactic sources, background stars, ...) is an essential task in astronomy. Typically, one of the classes corresponds to extragalactic radiation, whose photon emission behaviour is well characterized by a homogeneous Poisson process. We propose to use normalized versions of the Wasserstein and Zolotarev distances to quantify the deviation of the distribution of photon interarrival times from the exponential class. Our main motivation is the analysis of a massive dataset from X-ray astronomy obtained by the Chandra Orion Ultradeep Project (COUP). This project yielded a large catalog of 1616 X-ray cosmic sources in the Orion Nebula region, with their series of photon arrival times and associated energies. We consider the plug-in estimators of these metrics, determine their asymptotic distributions, and illustrate their finite-sample performance with a Monte Carlo study. We estimate these metrics for each COUP source from three different classes. We conclude that our proposal provides a striking amount of information on the nature of the photon emitting sources. Further, these variables have the ability to identify X-ray sources wrongly catalogued before. As an appealing conclusion, we show that some sources, previously classified as extragalactic emissions, have a much higher probability of being young stars in Orion Nebula.Comment: 29 page

Lineage-specific function of Engrailed-2 in the progression of chronic myelogenous leukemia to T-cell blast crisis

In hematopoietic malignancies, oncogenic alterations interfere with cellular differentiation and lead to tumoral development. Identification of the proteins regulating differentiation is essential to understand how they are altered in malignancies. Chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) is a biphasic disease initiated by an alteration taking place in hematopoietic stem cells. CML progresses to a blast crisis (BC) due to a secondary differentiation block in any of the hematopoietic lineages. However, the molecular mechanisms of CML evolution to T-cell BC remain unclear. Here, we have profiled the changes in DNA methylation patterns in human samples from BC-CML, in order to identify genes whose expression is epigenetically silenced during progression to T-cell lineage-specific BC. We have found that the CpG-island of the ENGRAILED-2 (EN2) gene becomes methylated in this progression. Afterwards, we demonstrate that En2 is expressed during T-cell development in mice and humans. Finally, we further show that genetic deletion of En2 in a CML transgenic mouse model induces a T-cell lineage BC that recapitulates human disease. These results identify En2 as a new regulator of T-cell differentiation whose disruption induces a malignant T-cell fate in CML progression, and validate the strategy used to identify new developmental regulators of hematopoiesis.Research at C.C.’s lab was partially supported by FEDER, Fondo de Investigaciones Sanitarias, CSIC P.I.E., Junta de Castilla y León, and from an institutional grant from the Fundación Ramón Areces. Research in ISG group is partially supported by FEDER and by MICINN (SAF2012-32810), by MEC OncoBIO Consolider-Ingenio 2010 (Ref. CSD2007-0017), by NIH grant (R01 CA109335-04A1), the ARIMMORA project (FP7-ENV-2011, European Union Seventh Framework Program), by Junta de Castilla y León (BIO/SA06/13) and by “Proyecto en red de investigación en células madre tumorales” supported by Obra Social Kutxa y Consejería de Sanidad de la Junta de Castilla y Leon. C.V.D.’s research is supported by Junta de Castilla y León (proyecto de investigación en biomedicina SAN/39/2010). J.A.M.C.’s research is supported by the Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), grants FIS-PI12/00202 and RTICC-RD12/0036/0063. All Spanish funding is co-sponsored by the European Union FEDER program. I.S.G. is an API lab of the EuroSyStem project and a partner of DECIDE European network. F.A.-J. and E.C.S. were supported by Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation fellowships. E.C.-S. was a “Residencia de Estudiantes” Fellow. A.T.N. was the recipient of a “Beca de Postgrado de la Fundación Ramón Areces/UAM.”Peer Reviewe