The cientificWorldJOURNAL Research Article Diffuse Alveolar Damage of the Lungs in Forensic Autopsies: Assessment of Histopathological Stages and Causes of Death

Introduction. Diffuse alveolar damage (DAD) is a morphological prototype of acute interstitial pneumonia. Hospital autopsies or open-lung biopsies are used to monitor common alveolar damage and hyaline membrane (HM) development histopathologically. The aim of this study was to detect histopathological profiles and frequency of DAD and HM in adult forensic autopsies. Materials and Methods. In total, 6813 reports with histopathological samples in 12,504 cases on which an autopsy was performed between 2006 and 2008 were investigated. Sixty-six individuals >18 years of age who were diagnosed with DAD were included. Hematoxylin-and eosin-stained lung preparations were reexamined in line with the 2002 American Thoracic Society/European Respiratory Society idiopathic interstitial pneumonia consensus criteria. Results. Histopathological examination revealed that 50 cases (75.7%) were in the exudative phase and 16 (24.2%) were in the proliferative phase. Only the rate of alveolar exudate/oedema in exudative phase cases (P = 0.003); those of alveolar histiocytic desquamation (P = 0.037), alveolar fibrosis (P = 0.017), chronic inflammation (P = 0.02), and alveolar fibrin (P = 0.001) in proliferative cases were significantly higher. The presence of alveolar fibrin was the only independent variable in favour of proliferative cases (P = 0.016). Conclusion. The detection of all DAD morphological criteria with the same intensity is not always possible in each case. Forensic autopsies may provide a favourable means for expanding our knowledge about acute lung damage, DAD, and interstitial lung disease

VALIDITY AND RELIABILITY OF TURKISH VERSION OF THE ADULT EATING BEHAVIOR QUESTIONNAIRE (AEBQ-TR) FOR ADULT PARTICIPANTS

Abstract Objective: The aim of this study was to assess the validity and reliability of the Adult Eating Behavior Questionnaire (AEBQ-TR) for adults. Design: Hunot et al. (2016) developed the original questionnaire, which was modified and translated into the Turkish. On data collected from adults, construct validity was assessed using exploratory and confirmatory factor analyzes. Pearson’s and Cronbach’s correlation coefficients were used to evaluate reliability and validity (P < 0·05). Setting: This research was carried out in Ankara, Turkey. Participants: A total of 311 adults from Ankara (148 men and 163 women) took part in the study. Seventy-two of these adults took the retest. Results: In this study, 311 adults with a mean age of 29.3±11.3 years participated. Factor loadings ranged from 0.404 to 0.907. In general, food approach and food avoidance scales showed a positive correlation within themselves. According to the results of confirmatory factor analysis and goodness-of-fit indicators are the seven-factor model showed a better model fit in the Turkish data (Chi-square/DF = 2.137, root mean error of approximation: 0.061, comparative fit index: 0.884, and normed fit index: 0.850). Higher BMI were associated with higher emotional over-eating, higher enjoyment of the food, lower Food Satiety and lower Emotional-Under Eating. Conclusions: The Turkish AEBQ is a valid and reliable tool for 20-65 year adults to determine appetitive properties related to the etiology of weight change and especially obesity risk. Besides, AEBQ testing is required for validation in early and late adulthood

Antinuclear antibody testing in a Turkish pediatrics clinic: is it always necessary?

Introduction:&nbsp;the term anti-nuclear antibody (ANA) is used to define a large group of autoantibodies which specifically bind to nuclear elements. Although healthy individuals may also have ANA positivity, the measurement of ANA is generally used in the diagnosis of autoimmune disorders. However, various studies have shown that ANA testing may be overused, especially in pediatrics clinics. Our aim was to investigate the reasons for antinuclear antibody (ANA) testing in the general pediatrics and pediatric rheumatology clinics of our hospital and to determine whether ANA testing was ordered appropriately by evaluating chief complaints and the ultimate diagnoses of these cases. Methods:&nbsp;the medical records of pediatric patients in whom ANA testing was performed between January 2014 and June 2016 were retrospectively evaluated. Subjects were grouped according to the indication for ANA testing and ANA titers. Results:&nbsp;ANA tests were ordered in a total of 409 patients during the study period, with 113 positive ANA results. The ANA test was ordered mostly due to joint pain (50% of the study population). There was an increased likelihood of autoimmune rheumatic diseases (ARDs) with higher ANA titer. The positive predictive value of an ANA test was 16% for any connective tissue disease and 13% for lupus in the pediatric setting. Conclusion:&nbsp;in the current study, more than one-fourth of the subjects were found to have ANA positivity, while only 15% were ultimately diagnosed with ARDs. Our findings underline the importance of an increased awareness of correct indications for ANA testing

The role of changing geodynamics in the progressive contamination of Late Cretaceous to Late Miocene arc magmas in the southern Central Andes

The tectonic and geodynamic setting of the southern Central Andean convergent margin changed significantly between the Late Cretaceous and the Late Miocene, influencing magmatic activity and its geochemical composition. Here we investigate how these changes, which include changing slab-dip angle and convergence angles and rates, have influenced the contamination of the arc magmas with crustal material. Whole rock geochemical data for a suite of Late Cretaceous to Late Miocene arc rocks from the Pampean flat-slab segment (29–31 °S) of the southern Central Andes is presented alongside petrographic observations and high resolution age dating. In-situ U–Pb dating of magmatic zircon, combined with Ar–Ar dating of plagioclase, has led to an improved regional stratigraphy and provides an accurate temporal constraint for the geochemical data. A generally higher content of incompatible trace elements (e.g. Nb/Zr ratios from 0.019 to 0.083 and Nb/Yb from 1.5 to 16.4) is observed between the Late Cretaceous (~ 72 Ma), when the southern Central Andean margin is suggested to have been in extension, and the Miocene when the thickness of the continental crust increased and the angle of the subducting Nazca plate shallowed. Trace and rare earth element compositions obtained for the Late Cretaceous to Late Eocene arc magmatic rocks from the Principal Cordillera of Chile, combined with a lack of zircon inheritance, suggest limited assimilation of the overlying continental crust by arc magmas derived from the mantle wedge. A general increase in incompatible, fluid-mobile/immobile (e.g., Ba/Nb) and fluid-immobile/immobile (e.g., Nb/Zr) trace element ratios is attributed to the influence of the subducting slab on the melt source region and/or the influx of asthenospheric mantle. The Late Oligocene (~ 26 Ma) to Early Miocene (~ 17 Ma), and Late Miocene (~ 6 Ma) arc magmatic rocks present in the Frontal Cordillera show evidence for the bulk assimilation of the Permian–Triassic (P–T) basement, both on the basis of their trace and rare earth element compositions and the presence of P–T inherited zircon cores. Crustal reworking is also identified in the Argentinean Precordillera; Late Miocene (12–9 Ma) arc magmatic rocks display distinct trace element signatures (specifically low Th, U and REE concentrations) and contain inherited zircon cores with Proterozoic and P–T ages, suggesting the assimilation of both the P–T basement and a Grenville-aged basement. We conclude that changing geodynamics play an important role in determining the geochemical evolution of magmatic rocks at convergent margins and should be given due consideration when evaluating the petrogenesis of arc magmas.</p

Diffuse Alveolar Damage of the Lungs in Forensic Autopsies: Assessment of Histopathological Stages and Causes of Death

Introduction. Diffuse alveolar damage (DAD) is a morphological prototype of acute interstitial pneumonia. Hospital autopsies or open-lung biopsies are used to monitor common alveolar damage and hyaline membrane (HM) development histopathologically. The aim of this study was to detect histopathological profiles and frequency of DAD and HM in adult forensic autopsies. Materials and Methods. In total, 6813 reports with histopathological samples in 12,504 cases on which an autopsy was performed between 2006 and 2008 were investigated. Sixty-six individuals >18 years of age who were diagnosed with DAD were included. Hematoxylin- and eosin-stained lung preparations were reexamined in line with the 2002 American Thoracic Society/European Respiratory Society idiopathic interstitial pneumonia consensus criteria. Results. Histopathological examination revealed that 50 cases (75.7%) were in the exudative phase and 16 (24.2%) were in the proliferative phase. Only the rate of alveolar exudate/oedema in exudative phase cases (=0.003); those of alveolar histiocytic desquamation (=0.037), alveolar fibrosis (=0.017), chronic inflammation (=0.02), and alveolar fibrin (=0.001) in proliferative cases were significantly higher. The presence of alveolar fibrin was the only independent variable in favour of proliferative cases (=0.016). Conclusion. The detection of all DAD morphological criteria with the same intensity is not always possible in each case. Forensic autopsies may provide a favourable means for expanding our knowledge about acute lung damage, DAD, and interstitial lung disease

PANORAMİK RADYOGRAFİLERDE ÜÇÜNCÜ MOLAR DİŞLERİN GÖMÜKLÜLÜK VE MANDİBULAR KANAL İLE İLİŞKİ DURUMLARININ DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ

AMAÇ: Bu çalışmada; 2018-2019 yılları arasında Gazi Üniversitesi Diş Hekimliği Fakültesi Ağız, Diş ve Çene Cerrahisi Anabilim Dalı’na başvuran hastaların gömülü üçüncü molar dişlerinin; Winter, Archer ile Pell ve Gregory sınıflandırmalarına göre pozisyonlarının, sürme seviyelerinin ve gömüklülük durumlarının retrospektif olarak değerlendirilmesi amaçlanmıştır. GEREÇ VE YÖNTEM: Yaş ortalaması 25.78 olan 1548 hastadan alınan panoramik filmlerde tespit edilen 5523 gömülü üçüncü molar dişi, yaş ve cinsiyet özelliklerine göre değerlendirilmiştir. Tüm gömülü üçüncü molar dişlerin pozisyonlarına göre sınıflandırılması yapılmış ve elde edilen sonuçlar literatür ile karşılaştırılmıştır. BULGULAR: Analiz sonuçları doğrultusunda; cinsiyet ile Winter sınıflamasına göre 18, 38 ve 48 nolu dişlerin pozisyonları arasında, cinsiyet ile Archer sınıflamasına göre 18, 28 ve 48 nolu dişlerin sürme seviyeleri arasında; cinsiyet ve 38-48 nolu gömülü dişlerin mandibular kanal ile olan ilişkisi arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir ilişki olduğu (p=0.000), cinsiyet ile Pell &amp; Gregory sınıflamasına göre 38-48 nolu gömülü dişlerin M3 mesafesi arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir ilişki olmadığı tespit edilmiştir (p&gt;0.05). SONUÇ: Gömülü üçüncü molar dişlerin çekiminde bazı riskler bulunmaktadır. Bu riskler dişlerin gömüklülük durumundan ve pozisyonlarından kaynaklanabilir. Özellikle gömülü alt üçüncü molar diş köklerinin mandibular kanal ile olan ilişkisi açısından olası risklerin tespit edilerek en aza indirilmesi amacıyla preoperatif değerlendirme yapılması elzemdir

A Web-Service for Automated Software Refactoring Using Artificial Bee Colony Optimization

Automated software refactoring is one of the hard combinatorial optimization problems of search-based software engineering domain. The idea is to enhance the quality of the existing software under the guidance of software quality metrics through applicable refactoring actions. In this study, we designed and implemented a web-service that uses discrete version of Artificial Bee Colony (ABC) optimization approach in order to enhance bytecode compiled Java programming language codes, automatically. The introduced service supports 20 different refactoring actions that realize intelligent ABC searches on design landscape defined by an adhoc quality model being an aggregation of 24 object-oriented software metrics

How Do Teachers and Students Perceive Human Rights, Citizenship and Democracy Course?

"İnsan Hakları, Yurttaşlık ve Demokrasi" dersi 2015-2016 öğretim yılından itibaren uygulamaya konulan, ilkokul 4. sınıflarda öğrencilere insan hakları, yurttaşlık ve demokrasi ile ilgili temel değerleri kazandırmayı amaçlayan bir derstir. Bu araştırmanın amacı, "İnsan hakları, yurttaşlık ve demokrasi" dersine ilişkin öğrenci ve öğretmenlerin deneyim ve algılarını irdelemektir. Araştırmada nitel araştırma yöntemi kapsamında olgu bilim deseni benimsenmiştir. Araştırmanın katılımcıları maksimum çeşitlilik örneklemesi tekniği ile belirlenmiştir. Bu kapsamda, araştırma Eskişehir il merkezinde yer alan alt, orta ve üst sosyoekonomik düzeyden öğrencilerin öğrenim gördüğü üç ilkokulda 8 öğretmen ve 20 öğrenci ile gerçekleştirilmiştir. Araştırmanın verileri yarı yapılandırılmış görüşme tekniği ile toplanmıştır. Verilerin analizinde tematik analizden yararlanılmıştır. Araştırma sonucunda, öğrencilerin dersi temel demokratik değerleri çoğunlukla kazandığı için işlevsel olarak algıladığı, sadece öykülere dayalı bir öğretim modeli benimsenmesi nedeniyle Türkçe dersi gibi algıladığı, geleneksel değerlendirme tekniklerinin öğrencilerin demokratik değer kazanımlarını ölçmede yetersiz kaldığı görülmektedir. Bu dersin işlevselliğinin artırılması için, dersin öğretim programı içeriğinin yenilenmesinin yanı sıra ders kitabının yenilenmesi ve ders materyallerinin geliştirilmesi, etkin öğretim yöntemlerinin işe koşulması ve öğretmenlerin bilgilendirilmesi gerekli olduğu görülmektedir.&quot;Human Rights, Citizenship and Democracy&quot; is a course that began to be delivered as of the 2015-2016 school year and aims to teach elementary fourth graders the basic values related to human rights, citizenship and democracy. The aim of this study was to examine students and teachers' experiences and perceptions of the course &quot;Human Rights, Citizenship and Democracy&quot;. In the study, phenomenological research design was adopted in the scope of the qualitative research method. The participants were selected through the maximum diversity sampling technique. In this respect, the study was conducted with eight teachers and 20 students in three elementary schools where students with low, middle and high socio-economic status study in the Eskisehir province. The data were gathered by using the semi-structured interview technique. Thematic analysis was employed in the analysis of the data. As a result, it was found that the students perceived the course as functional since they mostly learned basic democratic values, they also perceived it as the Turkish course because an instructional model based on stories was mostly adopted, and traditional assessment techniques were insufficient in measuring students' gains regarding democratic values. In order to enhance the effectiveness of this course, it seems necessary to update the contents of the course curriculum as well as the coursebook, develop course materials, employ effective instructional methods, and inform teachers in this regard