Genetic variation among pathotypes of Verticillium dahliae Kleb. from cotton in western Turkey revealed by AFLP

WOS: 000327295000009Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) is crucial for the textile industry worldwide. Among the diseases attacking cotton, Verticillium wilt caused by Verticillium dahliae Kleb. is the most significant. Isolates of V. dahliae can be classified into defoliating and non-defoliating pathotypes. Thirty-two isolates of the non-defoliating pathotype and one isolate of a virulent, defoliating pathotype were analysed by the amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) method. Three hundred and forty AFLP fragments were obtained with nine primer combinations. The number of total bands per primer pair ranged from 16 to 81, with an average of 37.7. The average polymorphism information content (PIC) value for the AFLP products was 0.50. Using the genotypic data, genetic distance analysis was performed. The maximum variation was found between isolates (Vd11) Nazilli and (Vd16) Soke, at a value of 0.79 and the minimum variation was found between isolates (Vd20) Aydin and (Vd14) Soke, at 0.24. The unweighted paired group method with arithmetic averages cluster analysis (UPGMA) was used to discriminate the V. dahliae isolates into five subgroups. Defoliating pathotypes (Vd33) from Soke province formed a single subgroup. As a result, it was found that there was significant variation among Verticillium isolates. AFLP analysis is an efficient and effective marker technology for determining genetic relationships among Verticillium isolates

Cruzamento natural e distância de isolamento entre genótipos de algodão na turquia

The purposes of this study were to determine the percentage of out-crossing, isolation distance and pollinator insect species for cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) seed production in the Aydin region in Turkey. The glandless and red-leaf traits in G. hirsutum were used as genetic markers. Two experiments were conducted over two years that monitored out-crossing in adjacent rows and adjacent plants and established that the percentage of out-crossing varied. The percentage of out-crossing varied between 0% and 13.3% depending on the genetic marker. In the experiment to determine isolation distance, natural crossing percentage was not observed in 2002, while this percentage was 0.8% in the first rows in 2003. In this study, cotton fields were also visited once a week during flowering periods for seven weeks in order to determine the numbers of pollinator insect species, where the only detected species was the honey bee. The numbers of pollinator insects were 2.14% (2002) and 1.30% (2003) for adjacent rows; 1.71% (2002) and 2.00% (2003) for adjacent plants in glandless parcels. It is recommended that the isolation distance between genotypes should be approximately 1 m.Os objetivos deste estudo foram determinar a percentagem de cruzamentos livres, a distância de isolamento e as espécies de insetos polinizadores na produção de sementes de algodão (Gossypium hirsutum L.) na região de Aydin, na Turquia. Foram utilizadas as características ausência de glândulas e folhas vermelhas como marcadores de G. hirsutum. Dois experimentos foram conduzidos durante dois anos, nos quais os cruzamentos livres em linhas e plantas adjacentes foram monitorados, tendo sido comprovada uma variação na percentagem de cruzamentos livres que variou entre 0 e 13,3% dependendo do marcador genético. No experimento de determinação da distância de isolamento, não se observou cruzamento natural em 2002, mas em 2003 sua percentagem foi de 0,8%, apenas nas primeiras linhas. Neste estudo, os campos de algodão foram visitados uma vez por semana, por sete semanas, para determinar o número de espécies de insetos polinizadores, tendo sido encontradas abelhas produtoras de mel. O número encontrado foi de 2,14% (2002) e 1,30% (2003) para linhas adjacentes; 1,71% (2002) e 2,00% (2003) para plantas em parcelas com ausência de glândulas. É recomendado que a distância de isolamento entre genótipos deva ser de aproximadamente 1 m

Büyük Menderes Havzasında Organik Pamuk Üretim Olanaklarının Araştırılması

Bu araştırma Büyük Menderes Havzasında Organik Pamuk Üretim Olanaklarının araştırılması amacıyla 2003-2007 yıllarında, Nazilli Pamuk Araştırma Enstitüsünde, tesadüf blokları deneme deseninde, 4 tekrarlamalı yürütülmüştür. Deneme Konuları organik yeşil gübre bitkisi A-arpa, B-arpa+fiğ, C-fiğ(konvansiyonel ekim), D-fiğ(son sulamada ekim) ve E-Kontrol (konvansiyonel pamuk üretim), olarak ele alınmıştır. Araştırmada 2003-2004 yıllarında deneme alanını sömürtmede mısır, 2005-2007 yıllarında organik pamuk üretiminde Nazilli 84-S çeşidi yetiştirilmiştir. Parseller 67,2m² alınmıştır. Deneme parsellerine organik yeşil gübreleme amacıyla Sonbaharda arpa ve fiğ ekilmiş, İlkbaharda pamuk ekim öncesi parçalanıp toprağa karıştırılmıştır. Pamuğa konusuna göre mineral veya organik gübre ve 3-4 sulama uygulanmıştır. Hasat bir defada elle yapılmıştır. Ekim ve hasat dönemlerinde toprağın su ile doymuşluk, toplam tuz%, pH, kireç%, yarayışlı fosfor, yarayışlı potasyum, organik madde %, toplam azot ve Fe,Cu,Zn, Mn,Pb,Cr,Cd,Ni analizleri yapılmıştır. Pamuk parsellerinde fide, koza olgunlaşma, hasat dönemlerinde zararlı ve yabancı ot; %5-10, %50-%60 koza açma döneminde yapraktan; hasattan sonra gövde kesitinde solgunluk hastalık sayımları yapılmıştır. Pamukta verim, çırçır randımanı, uzunluk, incelik, mukavemet analizleri yapılmıştır. Pamuk verim varyans analizinde, konular 2005-2006 yıllarında %99 güvenle farklı, 2007 yılında farksız bulunmuştur. Verimde C-D-E konuları ön sıralarda yer almış, 3 yıllık ortalama verimler sırasıyla 285,4-309,5-293,1 Kg/da olmuştur. Organik pamuk yetiştiriciliğinde organik pamuk verimi ile konvansiyonel pamuk verimi ayni grupta yer almıştır. Sonuçlar Büyük Menderes havzasında organik pamuk yetiştiriciliğinin yapılabilir olduğunu göstermektedir. Bu durum organik tarım ve çevre sağlı açısından büyük önem arz etmektedir

Genetic Mapping in Cotton

The genus Gossypium provides natural fiber for textile industry worldwide. Genetic improvement in cotton for traits of interest is not up to mark due to scarcity of adequate information about fiber production and quality. Use of DNA markers for overcoming the issues of selection associated with complex traits is the ultimate choice which may lead to initiate breeding by design. Numerous marker-trait associations have been identified for economical traits using linkage analysis in cotton. Currently there is need for developing high-density genetic maps using next-generation sequencing approaches together with genome-wide association studies (GWAS). Efforts have been started in this direction and several QTLs including fiber quality, yield traits, plant architecture, stomatal conductance and verticillium wilt resistance were identified. This chapter narrates genetic diversity, QTL mapping, association mapping and QTLs related to fiber quality traits. The incorporation of various genomic approaches and previously described marker strategies will pave the way for increase in fiber production

A Computational Statistics Approach to Evaluate Blood Biomarkers for Breast Cancer Risk Stratification

Breast cancer is the second leading cause of cancer mortality among women. Mammography and tumor biopsy followed by histopathological analysis are the current methods to diagnose breast cancer. Mammography does not detect all breast tumor subtypes, especially those that arise in younger women or women with dense breast tissue, and are more aggressive. There is an urgent need to find circulating prognostic molecules and liquid biopsy methods for breast cancer diagnosis and reducing the mortality rate. In this study, we systematically evaluated metabolites and proteins in blood to develop a pipeline to identify potential circulating biomarkers for breast cancer risk. Our aim is to identify a group of molecules to be used in the design of portable and low-cost biomarker detection devices. We obtained plasma samples from women who are cancer free (healthy) and women who were cancer free at the time of blood collection but developed breast cancer later (susceptible). We extracted potential prognostic biomarkers for breast cancer risk from plasma metabolomics and proteomics data using statistical and discriminative power analyses. We pre-processed the data to ensure the quality of subsequent analyses, and used two main feature selection methods to determine the importance of each molecule. After further feature elimination based on pairwise dependencies, we measured the performance of logistic regression classifier on the remaining molecules and compared their biological relevance. We identified six signatures that predicted breast cancer risk with different specificity and selectivity. The best performing signature had 13 factors. We validated the difference in level of one of the biomarkers, SCF/KITLG, in plasma from healthy and susceptible individuals. These biomarkers will be used to develop low-cost liquid biopsy methods toward early identification of breast cancer risk and hence decreased mortality. Our findings provide the knowledge basis needed to proceed in this direction

Prevalence, associated factors and outcomes of pressure injuries in adult intensive care unit patients: the DecubICUs study

Funder: European Society of Intensive Care Medicine; doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100013347Funder: Flemish Society for Critical Care NursesAbstract: Purpose: Intensive care unit (ICU) patients are particularly susceptible to developing pressure injuries. Epidemiologic data is however unavailable. We aimed to provide an international picture of the extent of pressure injuries and factors associated with ICU-acquired pressure injuries in adult ICU patients. Methods: International 1-day point-prevalence study; follow-up for outcome assessment until hospital discharge (maximum 12 weeks). Factors associated with ICU-acquired pressure injury and hospital mortality were assessed by generalised linear mixed-effects regression analysis. Results: Data from 13,254 patients in 1117 ICUs (90 countries) revealed 6747 pressure injuries; 3997 (59.2%) were ICU-acquired. Overall prevalence was 26.6% (95% confidence interval [CI] 25.9–27.3). ICU-acquired prevalence was 16.2% (95% CI 15.6–16.8). Sacrum (37%) and heels (19.5%) were most affected. Factors independently associated with ICU-acquired pressure injuries were older age, male sex, being underweight, emergency surgery, higher Simplified Acute Physiology Score II, Braden score 3 days, comorbidities (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, immunodeficiency), organ support (renal replacement, mechanical ventilation on ICU admission), and being in a low or lower-middle income-economy. Gradually increasing associations with mortality were identified for increasing severity of pressure injury: stage I (odds ratio [OR] 1.5; 95% CI 1.2–1.8), stage II (OR 1.6; 95% CI 1.4–1.9), and stage III or worse (OR 2.8; 95% CI 2.3–3.3). Conclusion: Pressure injuries are common in adult ICU patients. ICU-acquired pressure injuries are associated with mainly intrinsic factors and mortality. Optimal care standards, increased awareness, appropriate resource allocation, and further research into optimal prevention are pivotal to tackle this important patient safety threat

Prevalence, associated factors and outcomes of pressure injuries in adult intensive care unit patients: the DecubICUs study

Funder: European Society of Intensive Care Medicine; doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100013347Funder: Flemish Society for Critical Care NursesAbstract: Purpose: Intensive care unit (ICU) patients are particularly susceptible to developing pressure injuries. Epidemiologic data is however unavailable. We aimed to provide an international picture of the extent of pressure injuries and factors associated with ICU-acquired pressure injuries in adult ICU patients. Methods: International 1-day point-prevalence study; follow-up for outcome assessment until hospital discharge (maximum 12 weeks). Factors associated with ICU-acquired pressure injury and hospital mortality were assessed by generalised linear mixed-effects regression analysis. Results: Data from 13,254 patients in 1117 ICUs (90 countries) revealed 6747 pressure injuries; 3997 (59.2%) were ICU-acquired. Overall prevalence was 26.6% (95% confidence interval [CI] 25.9–27.3). ICU-acquired prevalence was 16.2% (95% CI 15.6–16.8). Sacrum (37%) and heels (19.5%) were most affected. Factors independently associated with ICU-acquired pressure injuries were older age, male sex, being underweight, emergency surgery, higher Simplified Acute Physiology Score II, Braden score 3 days, comorbidities (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, immunodeficiency), organ support (renal replacement, mechanical ventilation on ICU admission), and being in a low or lower-middle income-economy. Gradually increasing associations with mortality were identified for increasing severity of pressure injury: stage I (odds ratio [OR] 1.5; 95% CI 1.2–1.8), stage II (OR 1.6; 95% CI 1.4–1.9), and stage III or worse (OR 2.8; 95% CI 2.3–3.3). Conclusion: Pressure injuries are common in adult ICU patients. ICU-acquired pressure injuries are associated with mainly intrinsic factors and mortality. Optimal care standards, increased awareness, appropriate resource allocation, and further research into optimal prevention are pivotal to tackle this important patient safety threat

Correction to: Prevalence, associated factors and outcomes of pressure injuries in adult intensive care unit patients: the DecubICUs study

The original version of this article unfortunately contained a mistake