Validación de método de respiración potencial en un suelo patagónico: IRGA vs trampas de NaOH

Las actividades humanas aumentaron las concentraciones de gases de efecto invernadero (GEI) en la atmósfera provocando un calentamiento adicional de la superficie y atmósfera terrestre, con consecuencias sobre los ecosistemas naturales y la humanidad. Esto motiva la investigación acerca de las emisiones de GEI desde los ecosistemas y particularmente desde el suelo, dado que contiene más del doble de carbono que la atmósfera. El objetivo del presente trabajo es comparar la adecuación de dos métodos analíticos ampliamente utilizados para la evaluación de la respiración microbiana potencial del suelo (IRGA vs. Trampas de NaOH) en Aridisoles de la estepa patagónica y analizar la variación en los resultados en función del tiempo y temperatura de almacenamiento posterior al muestreo de los mismos. Las muestras de suelo utilizadas para el estudio se tomaron en el Campo Experimental Anexo de INTA ubicado en Pilcaniyeu en cuatro momentos: 2016 y 2020 (almacenados secos a temperatura ambiente), 2021 (almacenados a 4°C) y 2022 (fresca). Las incubaciones del suelo se realizaron en laboratorio en condiciones óptimas de humedad (60% capacidad campo) y temperatura (25°C), y en oscuridad. Los valores de respiración potencial máxima estimados para cada técnica presentaron diferentes magnitudes pudiendo esto deberse a una subestimación o sobrestimación de la tasa de respiración del método, respectivamente. Independientemente de la técnica utilizada, los valores de respiración obtenidos para los diferentes años no se encontraron estadísticamente afectados por su antigüedad. Los resultados indican que la técnica del IRGA es una buena opción para estimar respiración en suelos pobres con bajas emisiones potenciales debido a su practicidad, menor tiempo invertido para obtener resultados y mayor sensibilidad con respecto al método de trampasEstación Experimental Agropecuaria BarilocheFil: Díaz Leviante, M. Universidad Nacional de Rio Negro; ArgentinaFil: Enriquez, Andrea Soledad. Instituto Nacional de Tecnologia Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Bariloche. Área de Recursos Naturales; ArgentinaFil: Enriquez, Andrea Soledad. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas. Instituto de Investigaciones Forestales y Agropecuarias Bariloche; ArgentinaFil: Gonzalez Polo, Marina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas. Instituto de Investigaciones en Biodiversidad y Medioambiente; Argentin

All-particle cosmic ray energy spectrum measured by the HAWC experiment from 10 to 500 TeV

We report on the measurement of the all-particle cosmic ray energy spectrum with the High Altitude Water Cherenkov (HAWC) Observatory in the energy range 10 to 500 TeV. HAWC is a ground based air-shower array deployed on the slopes of Volcan Sierra Negra in the state of Puebla, Mexico, and is sensitive to gamma rays and cosmic rays at TeV energies. The data used in this work were taken from 234 days between June 2016 to February 2017. The primary cosmic-ray energy is determined with a maximum likelihood approach using the particle density as a function of distance to the shower core. Introducing quality cuts to isolate events with shower cores landing on the array, the reconstructed energy distribution is unfolded iteratively. The measured all-particle spectrum is consistent with a broken power law with an index of $-2.49\pm0.01$ prior to a break at $(45.7\pm0.1$) TeV, followed by an index of $-2.71\pm0.01$. The spectrum also respresents a single measurement that spans the energy range between direct detection and ground based experiments. As a verification of the detector response, the energy scale and angular resolution are validated by observation of the cosmic ray Moon shadow's dependence on energy.Comment: 16 pages, 11 figures, 4 tables, submission to Physical Review

Estudio comparativo del tiempo de tránsito intestinal con marcadores radiopacos en pacientes seropositivos y seronegativos para la enfermedad de Chagas

La enfermedad de Chagas afecta el sistema digestivo en un 10 a 15% de los casos. En el período crónico, dentro de los megasíndromes digestivos, el megacolon es más frecuente en Argentina. Este estudio intentó determinar el tiempo de tránsito colorrectal en pacientes seropositivos y seronegativos para la enfermedad de Chagas y así efectuar una comparación entre los mismos y evaluar si existen diferencias significativas. Fueron incluidos pacientes seropositivos y seronegativos para la Enfermedad de Chagas, a los cuales se les realizó examen físico, electrocardiograma, ecocardiograma, RX de tórax y extracción de sangre para realizar diagnóstico serológico actual con Hemaglutinación indirecta, ELISA e Inmunofluorescencia. Para la determinación del tiempo de tránsito colónico se emplearon 24 marcadores radiopacos Sitzmarks administrados y al 5to. día se realizó RX simple de abdomen de pié. Se consideró anormal al encontrarse 5 o más radiomarcadores en la RX

CD69 expression on regulatory T cells protects from immune damage after myocardial infarction.

Increasing evidences advocate for an important function of T cells in controlling immune homeostasis and pathogenesis after myocardial infarction (MI), although the underlying molecular mechanisms remain elusive. In this study, a broad analysis of immune markers in 283 patients revealed a significant CD69 overexpression on Treg cells after MI. Our results in mice showed that CD69 expression on Treg cells increased survival after left-anterior-descending coronary artery (LAD)-ligation. Cd69-/- mice developed strong IL-17+ γδT cell responses after ischemia that increased myocardial inflammation and, consequently, worsened cardiac function. CD69+ Treg cells, by induction of AhR-dependent CD39 ectonucleotidase activity, induced apoptosis and decreased IL-17A production in γδT cells. Adoptive transfer of CD69+ Treg cells to Cd69-/- mice after LAD-ligation reduced IL-17+ γδT cell recruitment, thus increasing survival. Consistently, clinical data from two independent cohorts of patients indicated that increased CD69 expression in peripheral blood cells after acute MI was associated with a lower risk of re-hospitalization for heart failure (HF) after 2.5 years of follow-up. This result remained significant after adjustment for age, sex and traditional cardiac damage biomarkers. Our data highlight CD69 expression on Treg cells as a potential prognostic factor and a therapeutic option to prevent HF after MI.This study was supported by competitive grants from the Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (MCIN), through the Carlos III Institute of Health (ISCIII)-Fondo de Investigación Sanitaria (PI22/01759) to P.M.; RTI2018-094727-B-100 to J. M-G; Comunidad de Madrid grants S2017/BMD-3671-INFLAMUNE-CM to P.M. and FSM.; Fundació La Marató TV3 (20152330 31) to J.M-G and F.S-M.; Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (MCIN) RTI2018-099357-B-I00, and CIBERFES (CB16/10/00282), Human Frontier Science Program (grant RGP0016/2018), and Leducq Transatlantic Networks (17CVD04) to JAE. AC is supported by Marie Skłodowska- Curie grant (agreement No. 713673). R.B-D. is supported by Formación de Profesorado Universitario (FPU16/02780) program from the Spanish Ministry of Education, Culture and Sports. The CNIC is supported by the ISCIII, the MCIN and the Pro CNIC Foundation, and is a Severo Ochoa Center of Excellence (SEV-2015-0505).S

Universidad y sociedad. Extensión del conocimiento

Este libro hace un análisis de la educación y propone migrar de una institución educativa a una organización de extensión del conocimiento (Mejía, 2011) toma más fuerza cada día, ya que obtiene una participación más activa en su actuar, y no solo se circunscribe a mejorar la gestión de las áreas funcionales de mercadeo, docencia, investigación, extensión, financiera, tecnología y administración (Gutiérrez, 2011), también cuenta con una visión más sistémica para conseguir la felicidad social y de las personas que conforman la organización educativa

An Ontological Approach to Inform HMI Designs for Minimizing Driver Distractions with ADAS

ADAS (Advanced Driver Assistance Systems) are in-vehicle systems designed to enhance driving safety and efficiency as well as comfort for drivers in the driving process. Recent studies have noticed that when Human Machine Interface (HMI) is not designed properly, an ADAS can cause distraction which would affect its usage and even lead to safety issues. Current understanding of these issues is limited to the context-dependent nature of such systems. This paper reports the development of a holistic conceptualisation of how drivers interact with ADAS and how such interaction could lead to potential distraction. This is done taking an ontological approach to contextualise the potential distraction, driving tasks and user interactions centred on the use of ADAS. Example scenarios are also given to demonstrate how the developed ontology can be used to deduce rules for identifying distraction from ADAS and informing future designs

RICORS2040 : The need for collaborative research in chronic kidney disease

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a silent and poorly known killer. The current concept of CKD is relatively young and uptake by the public, physicians and health authorities is not widespread. Physicians still confuse CKD with chronic kidney insufficiency or failure. For the wider public and health authorities, CKD evokes kidney replacement therapy (KRT). In Spain, the prevalence of KRT is 0.13%. Thus health authorities may consider CKD a non-issue: very few persons eventually need KRT and, for those in whom kidneys fail, the problem is 'solved' by dialysis or kidney transplantation. However, KRT is the tip of the iceberg in the burden of CKD. The main burden of CKD is accelerated ageing and premature death. The cut-off points for kidney function and kidney damage indexes that define CKD also mark an increased risk for all-cause premature death. CKD is the most prevalent risk factor for lethal coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and the factor that most increases the risk of death in COVID-19, after old age. Men and women undergoing KRT still have an annual mortality that is 10- to 100-fold higher than similar-age peers, and life expectancy is shortened by ~40 years for young persons on dialysis and by 15 years for young persons with a functioning kidney graft. CKD is expected to become the fifth greatest global cause of death by 2040 and the second greatest cause of death in Spain before the end of the century, a time when one in four Spaniards will have CKD. However, by 2022, CKD will become the only top-15 global predicted cause of death that is not supported by a dedicated well-funded Centres for Biomedical Research (CIBER) network structure in Spain. Realizing the underestimation of the CKD burden of disease by health authorities, the Decade of the Kidney initiative for 2020-2030 was launched by the American Association of Kidney Patients and the European Kidney Health Alliance. Leading Spanish kidney researchers grouped in the kidney collaborative research network Red de Investigación Renal have now applied for the Redes de Investigación Cooperativa Orientadas a Resultados en Salud (RICORS) call for collaborative research in Spain with the support of the Spanish Society of Nephrology, Federación Nacional de Asociaciones para la Lucha Contra las Enfermedades del Riñón and ONT: RICORS2040 aims to prevent the dire predictions for the global 2040 burden of CKD from becoming true

Evolution of the microbial communities in a submerged fixed bed bioreactor during biological treatment of saline urban wastewater

The influence of salt (NaCl) on bacterial and archaeal communities in a submerged fixed bed bioreactor system treating urban wastewater with different saline concentrations was determined by 454 pyrosequencing. Cluster analysis of DGGE fingerprints showed significant differences of the community structure dependent upon the salt concentration applied to the influent. Proteobacteria was found to be the dominant Bacteria Phylum and Euryarchaeota was the main Archaea Phylum in all the experiments. While bacterial α-diversity decreased as salinity increased, the Archaea α-diversity was higher when the NaCl concentration in the influent rose. The differences found between the microbial communities and biodiversity showed that salinity had effects on the structure of microbial communities

Evolution of the microbial communities in a submerged fixed bed bioreactor during biological treatment of saline urban wastewater

The influence of salt (NaCl) on bacterial and archaeal communities in a submerged fixed bed bioreactor system treating urban wastewater with different saline concentrations was determined by 454 pyrosequencing. Cluster analysis of DGGE fingerprints showed significant differences of the community structure dependent upon the salt concentration applied to the influent. Proteobacteria was found to be the dominant Bacteria Phylum and Euryarchaeota was the main Archaea Phylum in all the experiments. While bacterial α-diversity decreased as salinity increased, the Archaea α-diversity was higher when the NaCl concentration in the influent rose. The differences found between the microbial communities and biodiversity showed that salinity had effects on the structure of microbial communities

Evolution of the microbial communities in a submerged fixed bed bioreactor during biological treatment of saline urban wastewater

The influence of salt (NaCl) on bacterial and archaeal communities in a submerged fixed bed bioreactor system treating urban wastewater with different saline concentrations was determined by 454 pyrosequencing. Cluster analysis of DGGE fingerprints showed significant differences of the community structure dependent upon the salt concentration applied to the influent. Proteobacteria was found to be the dominant Bacteria Phylum and Euryarchaeota was the main Archaea Phylum in all the experiments. While bacterial α-diversity decreased as salinity increased, the Archaea α-diversity was higher when the NaCl concentration in the influent rose. The differences found between the microbial communities and biodiversity showed that salinity had effects on the structure of microbial communities