El campo semántico de los olores en español

The aim of this paper is to analyze the mechanisms that the Spanish language uses to designate the smells understood them as a semantic field from the perspective of ethnosemantics and anthropological linguistics. We done the study in two levels. In the first one, we analyze the syntactic structure of a series of expressions that refer to the semantic field of odor, and, from this, we propose a cognitive model to analyze the semantic structure of these expressions and others obtained from dictionaries.</p

Multiobjective model of the Pacific whiting fishery in the United States

Pacific whiting (Merluccius productus) is commercially and ecologically one of the most important fishery resources in the Pacific coast of the United States. The fishery is currently going through a period of rapid and profound transformation that could cause a substantial redistribution of benefits among domestic users. Benefits from the Pacific whiting fishery consist of conflicting biological, social, economic and regional objectives. A major management issue is the problem of resource allocation between the domestic offshore and shore-based fleets. Economic analysis of fishery policy based on the single objective of maximizing present value of net revenues (PVNR) fails to realistically confront the Pacific whiting fishery management problem. This work proposes the use of the less restrictive concept of Pareto optimality as a criterion for efficiency in the fishery. The main objective of this dissertation is to develop a multiobjective bioeconomic policy model of the Pacific whiting fishery in the United States. The purpose of the model is to analyze the implications (trade-offs) of resource allocation alternatives on the level of three policy objectives PVNR, production, and female spawning biomass. Pareto optimal solutions for the three policy objectives were generated under various specifications of the model by means of generating techniques. Three policy instruments were considered: harvest quotas, fleet/processing capacity limits, and allocation between the shore-based and offshore fisheries. Results were presented in the form of trade-off curves. The analysis suggests that policy objectives in the case of Pacific whiting are non-complementary. Instead of a unique "optimal" policy solution the Pacific whiting fishery policy problem possesses an infinite number of [Pareto] "optimal" policy solutions. The principal characteristic of Pareto optimal solutions is that in moving from one to another, the objectives must be traded-off among each other. In spite of the uncertainties regarding the dynamics of the Pacific whiting fishery, the preliminary nature of the data and the simplistic specification of the model, the analysis in this work demonstrates the potential benefits of vector optimization for fishery policy development and analysis

Estudio de factibilidad para la creación de una empresa de servicios de enllantaje, alineación balanceo y comercialización de neumáticos para vehículos de transporte pesado en la ciudad de Ibarra, provincia de Imbabura

Realizar un diagnóstico situacional que permita determinar la factibilidad del proyecto.El presente “Estudio de Factibilidad para la creación de una Empresa de Servicios de enllantaje, alineación, balanceo y comercialización de neumáticos para vehículos de transporte pesado en la ciudad de Ibarra provincia de Imbabura; es promovido en base a crear un centro de mantenimiento preventivo, correctivo para el transporte pesado, siendo un proyecto que cubra expectativas de calidad, servicio eficiente , comodidad y capacidad efectiva de una maquinaria con tecnología de punta que permitirá el ahorro de tiempo en el trabajo realizado. Empezando con la recopilación de información científica, la misma que sustenta teóricamente la investigación; seguidamente se realiza el estudio de mercado en el cual se pudo determinar que el segmento de mercado a quien se dirige el proyecto, presenta una gran necesidad de un centro de mantenimiento con tecnología de punta en servicio de enllantaje, alineación ,balanceo y comercialización de neumáticos en el mismo lugar; estableciendo así una demanda insatisfecha de 38.623 servicios al año; y 4.735 unidades de neumáticos; competidores solo vulcanizadoras donde la gran mayoría realizan los servicios en las carreteras sin la adecuada maquinaria generando inseguridad en los transportistas al desempeñar su labor diaria, con el análisis del estudio técnico se logró ubicar de manera estratégica la empresa de servicios, en la ciudad de Ibarra, en el sector de La Florida en un lote de terreno con área de 1.946,90 metros cuadrados dando todas las facilidades de estacionamiento y comodidad. También se estableció una estructura organizacional acorde a la necesidad existente y un manual de funciones específico para todo el personal de la empresa; una vez determinado el estudio técnico se analiza el estudio económico aplicando las técnicas de evaluación económica - financiera, las cuales arrojaron resultados beneficiosos y atractivos: el VAN de $ 34.326,33, la TIR 13,36%, el costo beneficio 1.13, el periodo de recuperación del capital es de 4 años 7 meses 27 días y el punto de equilibrio es de 119.285,84 al año; finalmente el estudio de los impactos generados por la empresa tales como impacto económico, social y ambiental, buscando conservar una ciudad libre de Co2.

Evaluation of forest landscape change and its impact on the distribution of Dipsas elegans in northern Ecuador

La cuenca hidrográfica del río Mira en Ecuador posee una alta biodiversidad, sin embargo, el uso intensivo del suelo ha ocasionado cambios en el paisaje y ha generado alteraciones en la distribución de especies. El presente estudio evalúa los patrones espaciales del paisaje boscoso y sus impactos en la distribución de Dipsas elegans (Boulenger, 1986) mediante mapas temáticos de uso y cobertura de suelo derivados de imágenes satelitales Landsat de los años 1991, 2000 y 2017, y la generación de métricas para la evaluación del paisaje boscoso. Adicionalmente, se analizó la distribución potencial de D. elegans usando el modelo de máxima entropía (MaxEnt). Los resultados obtenidos evidenciaron que existió una pérdida del bosque de 235.726,96 ha (10,28%) con una tasa de deforestación anual del 0,44%. Además, se registró un incremento del número de parches (1.249-1.741) y su densidad (0,23-0,33), lo que demuestra fragmentación del bosque nativo debido al avance del uso de suelo agrícola y la deforestación. D. elegans se distribuye principalmente en la cuenca media del río Mira, la cual registra la presencia de bosque nativo y otras coberturas con un área de 104.747 ha (19,6%). La pérdida de hábitat de D. elegans, respecto al modelo de distribución fue de 33.859,33 ha (32,32%), lo que demuestra que la especie es susceptible a la reducción del tamaño de parche, efectos borde y aislamiento de hábitat.The Mira River basin in Ecuador has a high biodiversity. However, the intensive land-use has led to landscape changes and generated alterations in the distribution of species. This study evaluates the spatial patterns of the forest landscape and its impacts on the distribution of Dipsas elegans (Boulenger, 1986). Landsat satellite images of 1991, 2000, and 2017 have been used and landscape metrics have been generated for the evaluation of the forested landscape. Additionally, the analysis of the potential distribution of D. elegans has been performed using the maximum entropy model (MaxEnt). The results show a decrease in the forest cover of 235.726,96 ha (10,28%) and an annual deforestation rate of 0,44%. In addition, the native forest displays fragmentation due to the increase in the number of patches (1.249-1.741) and its density (0,23-0,33), because of agriculture advance and deforestation. D. elegans is mainly distributed in the middle basin, which is composed of native forest and other coverage with an area of 104.747 ha (19,6%). Habitat loss with respect to the distribution model accounts for 33.859,33 ha (32,32%), which shows that the species is susceptible to patch size reduction, edge, effects and habitat solation that threaten the specie´s presence

The Role of Mpas in the Development of Northwest Mexico Fisheries

The northwest coast of Mexico is accountable for almost 70 % of the country´s fishery production. This region, which includes the Gulf of California and the Pacific coast of the Baja California Peninsula, is also extremely important in terms of biodiversity and the presence of endemic species. Consequently, eleven marine protected areas (MPAs) have been established along the region. Although conceived primarily for biodiversity conservation, natural protected areas are having increasingly important socioeconomic effects. To better understand the effects on coastal communities, we conducted an analysis of the role that MPAs are having in the development of the region´s fisheries. Six MPAs were selected for analysis using case study methodology. The main issue under investigation is the effect on fishery productivity. Main sources of information were documental research, official fishery statistics and expert consultation. Preliminary results suggest that the impact of MPAs on fishery productivity has been mixed. Better results have been achieved by the MPAs of the Pacific coast of Baja California; and that community involvement in MPA design and management has been instrumental in explaining these improvements

Starch and polyvinyl alcohol encapsulated biodegradable nanocomposites for environment friendly slow release of urea fertilizer

Low nitrogen (N) use efficiency from urea fertilizers due to environmental losses results in high cost of fertilizers for agricultural productions. Coating of urea with biodegradable polymers makes them effective for control and efficient N release. In this study, starch and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) were used in combination with acrylic acid (AA), citric acid (CA) and maleic acid (MA) for the coating of urea prills. Different formulations of the coating were prepared and applied on urea prills such as urea coated with starch (10%) and PVA (5%) with acrylic acid: 2, 4 and 6% (USP-A2, USP-A4, USP-A6), with citric acid: 2, 4 and 6% (USP-C2, USP-C4, USP-C6), and with maleic acid: 2, 4 and 6% (USP-M2, USP-M4, USP-M6). After urea coating in fluidized bed coater, all uncoated and coated urea samples were characterized by scanning electron spectroscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), crushing strength and UV-Vis spectroscopy. The morphological and XRD analysis indicated that a new uniform coating with no new phase transformation occurred. Among all urea coated samples, USP-A2 and USP-C2 showed the highest crushing strengths: 12.08 and 13.67 N with nitrogen release efficiency of 70.10 and 50.74% respectively. All coated urea samples improved the spinach plants’ foliage yield, chlorophyll content, N-uptake and apparent nitrogen recovery (ANR) than uncoated urea and control plants. However, USP-A2 and USP-C2 provided promising results among all coated samples with dry foliage yield (2208 ± 92 and 2428 ± 83 kg/ha), chlorophyll (34 ± 0.6 and 34 ± 0.4 mg/g), N-uptake (88 ± 4 and 95 ± 6 kg/ha) and ANR (59 ± 4 and 67 ± 6%). Therefore, urea prills coated with a combination of biodegradable polymers can be a better choice for the farmers to enhance agronomical productions by controlling the fertilizer nutrient release rate

Factors Affecting Infestation by Triatoma infestans in a Rural Area of the Humid Chaco in Argentina: A Multi-Model Inference Approach

Vector-borne transmission of Chagas disease remains a major public health problem in parts of Latin America. Triatoma infestans is the main vector in the countries located in the South American Cone, particularly in the Gran Chaco ecoregion where residual insecticide control has achieved only a moderate, irregular impact. To contribute to improved control strategies, we analyzed the factors associated with the presence and abundance of T. infestans in 327 inhabited houses in a well-defined rural area with no recent vector control interventions in the humid Argentine Chaco. Bugs were found mainly in domiciles, kitchens, storerooms, and chicken coops and nests, particularly where adequate refuge and animal hosts (humans, dogs, cats or poultry) were available. Domiciles constructed from mud were the most often infested, but brick-and-cement domiciles, even in good conditions, were also found infested. Availability of refuge and hosts for T. infestans are key targets for vector control. Ten-fold variations in domestic infestation observed across neighboring villages, and differences in the relevant factors for T. infestans presence with respect to other areas of the Gran Chaco region suggest that host management, building techniques and insecticide use need to be tailored to the local environment, socio-economic characteristics, and climatic conditions

Effect of viral storm in patients admitted to intensive care units with severe COVID-19 in Spain: a multicentre, prospective, cohort study

Background: The contribution of the virus to the pathogenesis of severe COVID-19 is still unclear. We aimed to evaluate associations between viral RNA load in plasma and host response, complications, and deaths in critically ill patients with COVID-19. Methods: We did a prospective cohort study across 23 hospitals in Spain. We included patients aged 18 years or older with laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection who were admitted to an intensive care unit between March 16, 2020, and Feb 27, 2021. RNA of the SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid region 1 (N1) was quantified in plasma samples collected from patients in the first 48 h following admission, using digital PCR. Patients were grouped on the basis of N1 quantity: VIR-N1-Zero ([removed]2747 N1 copies per mL). The primary outcome was all-cause death within 90 days after admission. We evaluated odds ratios (ORs) for the primary outcome between groups using a logistic regression analysis. Findings: 1068 patients met the inclusion criteria, of whom 117 had insufficient plasma samples and 115 had key information missing. 836 patients were included in the analysis, of whom 403 (48%) were in the VIR-N1-Low group, 283 (34%) were in the VIR-N1-Storm group, and 150 (18%) were in the VIR-N1-Zero group. Overall, patients in the VIR-N1-Storm group had the most severe disease: 266 (94%) of 283 patients received invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV), 116 (41%) developed acute kidney injury, 180 (65%) had secondary infections, and 148 (52%) died within 90 days. Patients in the VIR-N1-Zero group had the least severe disease: 81 (54%) of 150 received IMV, 34 (23%) developed acute kidney injury, 47 (32%) had secondary infections, and 26 (17%) died within 90 days (OR for death 0·30, 95% CI 0·16–0·55; p<0·0001, compared with the VIR-N1-Storm group). 106 (26%) of 403 patients in the VIR-N1-Low group died within 90 days (OR for death 0·39, 95% CI 0·26–0·57; p[removed]11 página

Ecos de la academia: Revista de la Facultad de Educación, Ciencia y Tecnología - FECYT Nro 4

Ecos de la academia, Revista de la Facultad de Educación Ciencia y Tecnología es una publicación científica de la Universidad Técnica del Norte, con revisión por pares a doble ciego que publica artículos en idioma español, quichua, portugués e inglés. Se edita con una frecuencia semestral con dos números por año.En ella se divulgan trabajos originales e inéditos generados por los investigadores, docentes y estudiantes de la FECYT, y contribuciones de profesionales de instituciones docentes e investigativas dentro y fuera del país, con calidad, originalidad y relevancia en las áreas de ciencias sociales y tecnología aplicada.Los orígenes de la fotografía en la segunda ciudad de Cataluña: Reus, 1839-1903. Hábitos de consumo y uso de medios digitales en los estudiantes de la Universidad Técnica del Norte. Gastronomía, historia y cultura afrodescendiente de las comunidades Chota y Salinas en Imbabura, Ecuador. Los organizadores gráficos: elementos y procedimientos básicos para su diseño. Análisis del desempeño profesional del graduado de la carrera de Licenciatura en Inglés de la Universidad Técnica del Norte. Uso del software Aleks como complemento en la asignatura de Fundamentos de Matemáticas del curso de nivelación EPN-SENECYT. La educación de postgrado y la enseñanza de Redes Neuronales Artificiales como herramienta versátil para egresados. Home is an uneasty place: Afroperipheralism anda diasporic sensibilities in Wayde Compton’s “The Instrumental”. Respuesta de la carrera de Educación Básica a las necesidades sociales en la Zona 1 del Ecuador. Programa SaludArte: Salud, Alimentación y Movimiento entran a las escuelas para mejorar la calidad educativa. Tendencias de consumo turístico de los Millennials en la ciudad de Ibarra. Los Grupos de Investigación como estrategias para desarrollo de la investigación científica en las instituciones de educación superior ecuatorianas. Paradigmas y modelos pedagógicos de los postulados científicos en el espacio de aula en la Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Predicting academic performance in traditional environments at higher-education institutions using data mining: A review. El Proyecto de Investigación “Muros que hablan. Un recorrido por los graffitis de Imbabura”. Construcción de la marca ciudad. Normas de presentación de artículos científicos en la revista Ecos de la Academia