IR transmission optimisation for Cadmium Telluride

Masteroppgave i fysikkPHYS399MAMN-PHY

Reorganization of HR-departments in the Armed Forces

Ordinær master 120 poengTemaet for denne masteroppgave er omorganisering av Forsvarets HR-virksomhet, hvor Vernepliktsverket (VPV) og Forsvarets Personell Tjenester (FPT) samorganiseres til Forsvarets Personell og Verneplikts Senter (FPVS), selve samlokaliseringen er ennå ikke gjennomført. Vi har sett på effekter mot fagmiljø, ivaretakelse av ansattes rettigheter og plikter, samt kostnader forbundet med en fysisk samlokalisering. Forsvaret har i en lengre tidsperiode vært inne i en kontinuerlig omorganisering, slik at vårt forskningsområde er en del av den store helheten. Vårt mål er å se på rammer og vurderingskriterier som bør ligge til grunn i en samlokalisering av to relativt like avdelinger i Forsvaret. For å nå målet drøfter vi rundt statlige retningslinjer, anbefalingsdokument1 fra Forsvaret og intervju av berørte ansatte ved omstillingsavdelingene. Masteroppgaven er et casestudium. Vi ser at omorganiseringen påvirker fagmiljøet i negativ grad. Dette skyldes blant annet at organisasjonen fortsatt er splittet, samt at ny programvare Felles Integrert Forvaltningssystem, Prosjekt Human Resource Management (FIF PHRM) er forsinket. Personell som skal gjennomføre daglige rutiner må bruke gammelt verktøy, samt at medarbeidere reiser mer, er mindre tilgjengelig og jobber i FIF PHRM. I tillegg er ikke ny organisasjon fullt ut bemannet, slik at det i realiteten er færre mennesker som gjennomfører de samme oppgavene. Ansattes rettigheter og plikter har i mindre grad vært ivaretatt. Arbeidsgruppen som skulle synliggjøre dette har ikke brukt tidligere erfaringer fra Forsvaret i sine redegjørelser, og gjennomfører mange antagelser uten noen reell forankring i gjeldende retningslinjer. Kost- nytte betraktning til arbeidsgruppen virker i første omgang å være omfattende, men springende. Ved nærmere stipulering og analyse viser den seg ikke å følge de retningslinjer som er lagt, den gir et mangelfullt bilde og gir ikke beslutningstaker det beste grunnlaget for å fatte en avgjørelse. En gjennomgang av håndbøker, retningslinjer og litteratur - påpeker at en god plan vil vurdere alle mulige hensyn ved en omstilling, for å synliggjøre alle samfunnsøkonomiske aspekter. Masteroppgaven avdekker hvor viktig det er å følge de erfaringer som ligger både i organisasjonen og i gjeldende håndbøker, for å skape et så sannferdig bilde som mulig vedrørende fremtidige kostnader og gevinster. Omstillingsarbeid av ulik art krever ulikt grunnarbeid for å synliggjøre de implikasjoner som ligger til grunn. I dette tilfellet er det rundt 291 ansatte som enten blir direkte eller indirekte berørt av omstillingen. Av respekt for de ansatte som opplever at deres arbeidsplass blir fysisk flyttet, må arbeidsgiver saklig argumentere for beste løsning, for dem og Forsvaret.Sammendrag engelsk (abstract): The subject of this thesis is the reorganization of the Armed Forces HR-departments, where the National Service Office and the Defense Personnel Services are co-organized to the Armed Forces Personnel and conscription center, the co-location is not yet completed. We consider the effects towards the profession, the safeguarding of employees' rights and obligations, as well as costs associated with a physical collocation. For a long time the military has been experiencing a "continuous" reorganization and our research area is just a part of this. Our goal is to evaluate the framework for which assessments should be considered during a collocation of two relatively equal branches in the military. We discuss government policies, recommendation document from defense and we have interviewed affected employees at restructuring department to achieve this. The thesis is a case study. We see that the academic community will be affected in a non-positive matter due to the reorganization. This is partly because the organization is still divided, and that the new software “Joint Integrated management system - Project Human Resource Management” is delayed. During daily routines personnel still use old programs, and the employees travel more, are less available and some are working with the FIF PHRM. In addition the organization is not fully staffed, so in reality there are fewer people who carry out the same daily tasks. Employee rights and obligations have to a lesser extent been addressed. The working group FPVS could have considered this, but they have not used earlier experiences from the Armed Forces in their reports. They tend to conduct some assumptions without any real basic in current guidelines. Initially the cost-benefit considerations of the Working Group FPVS seem to be comprehensive, but they are shifting. Upon further stipulation and analysis the cost-benefit do not follow the guidelines laid, it provides an incomplete picture and do not support the decision-maker the way it ought to. A review of manuals, guidelines and literature - points out that a good plan will consider all possible consideration of a change, to bring forward all socio-economic aspects. The thesis reveals how important it is to follow the experiences that lie both within the organization and current books, to create such a truthful picture as possible of future costs and benefits. Different restructuring requires different preparation to highlight underlying implications. In this case, there are about 291 employees who are either directly or indirectly affected by the restructuring. Out of respect for those employees who will be physically moved due to work, the employer must objectively argue for the best solution for them and the military

An introduction to Lie group integrators -- basics, new developments and applications

We give a short and elementary introduction to Lie group methods. A selection of applications of Lie group integrators are discussed. Finally, a family of symplectic integrators on cotangent bundles of Lie groups is presented and the notion of discrete gradient methods is generalised to Lie groups

The First Real estate sale

Fordypningsoppgave bachelor i eiendomsmegling 2017Tema for denne fordypningsoppgave er vår avslutning på bachelor i eiendomsmegling – temaet berører oss alle tre. Empirien er hentet fra kvalitative intervjuer der vi intervjuet åtte eiendomsmeglere for å søke svar rett fra kilden. For å nyansere problemstillingen intervjuet vi i tillegg to daglige ledere. Eiendomsmeglernes ståsted var det interessante og er vektlagt. Problemstillingen er besvart fra tre innfallsvinkler. For det første så vi på eiendomsmeglernes motivasjonsfaktorer og for det andre så vi på hvordan eiendomsvirksomheten tilrettelegger og gir veiledning til nyansatte meglere i form av fadderordning og opplæring. For det tredje så vi på hvordan meglervirksomheten påvirker og forplikter nyansatte meglere, interaksjonen og samspillet disse imellom. Motivasjon hos den enkelte megler er tungtveiende for individenes prestasjoner. Meglernes drives av indre drivkrefter i form av arbeidslyst og glede over egen måloppnåelse. Arbeidsgivers tilrettelegging har betydning for å komme i gang med eiendomsmegleroppdrag. Kunnskapsdeling i kollegiet, tilpasset opplæring og oppfølging gir individene motivasjon og er god investering for arbeidsgiver. Videre har vi belyst hvordan meglervirksomheten påvirker og forplikter til egeninnsats for å øke prestasjonsnivået hos nye meglere. Vi fant at den sosiale interaksjonen mellom meglernes samvittighet og virksomhetens påvirkning hadde sammenheng med gjensidig forventing og forpliktelse. Vår vurdering er at dette er en vesentlig faktor for samspillet. Vi har søkt svar på hvorfor enkelte eiendomsmeglere kommer fortere i gang med megleroppdrag enn andre nye meglere. Søket er baserte på hvordan dette henger sammen med virkeligheten og hvordan vår forskning har bidratt til ny kunnskap om dette som fenomen.Abstract This bachelor thesis examines why some newly qualified real estate agents, generate more listings compared to other newly qualified agents. Qualitative methodology was used as eight real estate agents and two chief executive officers were interviewed in the process of answering the research question. We studied the importance of individual motivation amongst the agents, how the agency facilitated and gave guidance to the newly qualified agents, and how the agency exerted influence and made the newly qualified agents commit to the job. Evidence suggests that the level of performance highly depends on motivation among each individual agent. How the agency facilitates is likely to affect the number of listings achieved, while co-workers previous experience and in-office mentorships adds to the newly qualified agents motivation and eagerness to perform. This proved to be of great value to the employer. We have investigated why some real estate agents succeed in getting started faster than other comparable real estate agents. Our search is based on how this is related to reality, and how our research has contributed to new knowledge regarding this as a phenomenon

The peer effect on pain tolerance

Accepted manuscript version, licensed CC BY-NC-ND 4.0. Published version available at https://doi.org/10.1515/sjpain-2018-0060 .Background and aims: Twin studies have found that approximately half of the variance in pain tolerance can be explained by genetic factors, while shared family environment has a negligible effect. Hence, a large proportion of the variance in pain tolerance is explained by the (non-shared) unique environment. The social environment beyond the family is a potential candidate for explaining some of the variance in pain tolerance. Numerous individual traits have previously shown to be associated with friendship ties. In this study, we investigate whether pain tolerance is associated with friendship ties. Methods: We study the friendship effect on pain tolerance by considering data from the Tromsø Study: Fit Futures I, which contains pain tolerance measurements and social network information for adolescents attending first year of upper secondary school in the Tromsø area in Northern Norway. Pain tolerance was measured with the cold-pressor test (primary outcome), contact heat and pressure algometry. We analyse the data by using statistical methods from social network analysis. Specifically, we compute pairwise correlations in pain tolerance among friends. We also fit network autocorrelation models to the data, where the pain tolerance of an individual is explained by (among other factors) the average pain tolerance of the individual’s friends. Results: We find a significant and positive relationship between the pain tolerance of an individual and the pain tolerance of their friends. The estimated effect is that for every 1 s increase in friends’ average cold-pressor tolerance time, the expected cold-pressor pain tolerance of the individual increases by 0.21 s (p-value: 0.0049, sample size n=997). This estimated effect is controlled for sex. The friendship effect remains significant when controlling for potential confounders such as lifestyle factors and test sequence among the students. Further investigating the role of sex on this friendship effect, we only find a significant peer effect of male friends on males, while there is no significant effect of friends’ average pain tolerance on females in stratified analyses. Similar, but somewhat lower estimates were obtained for the other pain modalities. Conclusions: We find a positive and significant peer effect in pain tolerance. Hence, there is a significant tendency for students to be friends with others with similar pain tolerance. Sex-stratified analyses show that the only significant effect is the effect of male friends on males. Implications: Two different processes can explain the friendship effect in pain tolerance, selection and social transmission. Individuals might select friends directly due to similarity in pain tolerance, or indirectly through similarity in other confounding variables that affect pain tolerance. Alternatively, there is an influence effect among friends either directly in pain tolerance, or indirectly through other variables that affect pain tolerance. If there is indeed a social influence effect in pain tolerance, then the social environment can account for some of the unique environmental variance in pain tolerance. If so, it is possible to therapeutically affect pain tolerance through alteration of the social environment

Detecting climate adaptation with mobile network data in Bangladesh: anomalies in communication, mobility and consumption patterns during cyclone Mahasen

Large-scale data from digital infrastructure, like mobile phone networks, provides rich information on the behavior of millions of people in areas affected by climate stress. Using anonymized data on mobility and calling behavior from 5.1 million Grameenphone users in Barisal Division and Chittagong District, Bangladesh, we investigate the effect of Cyclone Mahasen, which struck Barisal and Chittagong in May 2013. We characterize spatiotemporal patterns and anomalies in calling frequency, mobile recharges, and population movements before, during and after the cyclone. While it was originally anticipated that the analysis might detect mass evacuations and displacement from coastal areas in the weeks following the storm, no evidence was found to suggest any permanent changes in population distributions. We detect anomalous patterns of mobility both around the time of early warning messages and the storm’s landfall, showing where and when mobility occurred as well as its characteristics. We find that anomalous patterns of mobility and calling frequency correlate with rainfall intensity (r = .75, p < 0.05) and use calling frequency to construct a spatiotemporal distribution of cyclone impact as the storm moves across the affected region. Likewise, from mobile recharge purchases we show the spatiotemporal patterns in people’s preparation for the storm in vulnerable areas. In addition to demonstrating how anomaly detection can be useful for modeling human adaptation to climate extremes, we also identify several promising avenues for future improvement of disaster planning and response activities

Reconstructing unseen transmission events to infer dengue dynamics from viral sequences.

For most pathogens, transmission is driven by interactions between the behaviours of infectious individuals, the behaviours of the wider population, the local environment, and immunity. Phylogeographic approaches are currently unable to disentangle the relative effects of these competing factors. We develop a spatiotemporally structured phylogenetic framework that addresses these limitations by considering individual transmission events, reconstructed across spatial scales. We apply it to geocoded dengue virus sequences from Thailand (N = 726 over 18 years). We find infected individuals spend 96% of their time in their home community compared to 76% for the susceptible population (mainly children) and 42% for adults. Dynamic pockets of local immunity make transmission more likely in places with high heterotypic immunity and less likely where high homotypic immunity exists. Age-dependent mixing of individuals and vector distributions are not important in determining spread. This approach provides previously unknown insights into one of the most complex disease systems known and will be applicable to other pathogens