Optimización de los costos de muestreo en la manufactura de shampoo y acondicionador

Optimizar los costos en el proceso de muestreo en la producción de shampoo y acondicionador a través del diseño bibliográfico, debido a trabajos previos de investigación en temas de producción, muestreo y calidad en diferentes ramas industriales entre los años 2010-2018, y de campo, por los datos recolectados en una empresa de giro cosmético situada en Bajío, México, y los análisis de las muestras a través de dos fases: financiera y calidad

Thermoplastic Starch (TPS)‐Cellulosic Fibers Composites: Mechanical Properties and Water Vapor Barrier: A Review

Current research studies have been focusing on the procurement of environmentally friendly materials, with the aim of resolving the problems created by materials derived from petroleum. Starch is a promising biopolymer for producing biocomposite materials because it is renewable, completely biodegradable, and easily available at a low cost. Thermoplastic starch (TPS), by itself, exhibits poor mechanical properties such as low tensile strength and severe deformations, which limits its application in packaging or films. In addition, TPS presents high hygroscopicity. The use of reinforcing agents in the starch matrix is an effective means to overcome these drawbacks and several types of biodegradable reinforcements, such as cellulosic fibers, whiskers, and nanofibers, have been utilized to develop new and inexpensive starch biocomposites. This chapter provides the latest advances in green composite materials based on TPS and cellulose fibers and includes information on compositions, preparations, and the properties of “green” composite materials elaborated from TPS and cellulose fibers, with the focus on using undervalued natural resources

A Comprehensive Integrated Genetic Map of the Complete Karyotype of Solea senegalensis (Kaup 1858)

Solea senegalensis aquaculture production has experienced a great increase in the last decade and, consequently, the genome knowledge of the species is gaining attention. In this sense, obtaining a high-density genome mapping of the species could offer clues to the aquaculture improvement in those aspects not resolved so far. In the present article, a review and new processed data have allowed to obtain a high-density BAC-based cytogenetic map of S. senegalensis beside the analysis of the sequences of such BAC clones to achieve integrative data. A total of 93 BAC clones were used to localize the chromosome complement of the species and 588 genes were annotated, thus almost reaching the 2.5% of the S. senegalensis genome sequences. As a result, important data about its genome organization and evolution were obtained, such as the lesser gene density of the large metacentric pair compared with the other metacentric chromosomes, which supports the theory of a sex proto-chromosome pair. In addition, chromosomes with a high number of linked genes that are conserved, even in distant species, were detected. This kind of result widens the knowledge of this species' chromosome dynamics and evolution

Factores que limitan la producción de carne vacuna en el suroeste de la provincia Holguín, Cuba

In the Cauto valley, technological factors influence the productivity of cattle herds, also affected by the lack of rain and the physical properties of the soils. In order to determine the factors that limit the production of beef in the southwest of Holguín, Cuba, a questionnaire was applied to selected producers to collect data from the farms. The quantitative variables with the greatest variability were selected from this to perform principal component analysis and descriptive statistics were used to support the examination of the information. Beef production is limited by the farm's infrastructure, the level of degradation, milk production and attention to the replacement female, which explain 60.9 % of the variability in its deterioration. Indicators such as areas of compensacion, weeds and shade, as well as the body condition of the breeder and milk production require differentiated attention due to their contribution to face the degradation of the livestock ecosystem. Limiting factors of beef production, as well as indicators associated with them, constitutes a step to outline the innovations that in natural resources, productivity and institutional framework, are required in the region.En el valle del Cauto los aspectos tecnológicos afectan la productividad de los rebaños vacunos tanto como la escasez de lluvia y las propiedades físicas de los suelos. Con el objetivo de determinar los factores que limitan la producción de carne vacuna en el suroeste de Holguín, Cuba, se aplicó un cuestionario a productores seleccionados para colectar datos de las fincas. Se eligieron de este los indicadores cuantitativos de mayor variabilidad para efectuar análisis de componentes principales y se utilizó estadística descriptiva para apoyar el examen de la información. La producción de carne vacuna está limitada por la infraestructura de la finca, el nivel de degradación, la producción de leche y la atención a la hembra de remplazo, los cuales explican 60,9 % de la variabilidad en su deterioro. Indicadores como las áreas de compensación, malezas y sombra, así como la condición corporal de la reproductora y la producción de leche requieren una atención diferenciada porque contribuyen a enfrentar la degradación del ecosistema pecuario. Los factores limitantes de la producción de carne vacuna, así como los indicadores que se le asocian, constituyen pautas para delinear las innovaciones que, en recursos naturales, productividad e institucionalidad requiere la región

Manufacture of Partially Biodegradable Composite Materials Based on PLA-Tires Powder: Process and Characterization

This research work focuses on the processability and mechanical characterization of blends of polylactic acid (PLA) and tire (elastomeric part). Wasted tires used as filler in the PLA matrix were reduced by two different processes (thermal shock and pyrolysis) in order to acquire the solid residuals in powder to be characterized and compared. Elastomeric solids obtained from scraped tires were used as filler in the PLA matrix and mixed in a Brabender 60 cc mixer at different concentrations ranging from 0% to 60% of filler volume fraction. The blend was laminated, and then samples were obtained in order to undertake mechanical properties at tension and Izod impact tests. A fully detailed analysis on the solid powders by Differential Scanning Calorimeter (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), infrared analysis (IR), and scanning electron microscopy analysis (SEM) identified them as a rich source of carbon. Blends were characterized thermally and mechanically showing a direct effect due to the tire nature (thermoset rubber) and concentration. Fracture mechanisms were also identified

Balance sectorial utilizando modelos matemáticos. Aplicación en Cuba

The objective of the paper is to equilibrate the sectorial imbalances of the production of goods and services, identified in the Cuban productive structure, following a methodology that includes mathematical modeling. Econometric and goal programming (GP) models are designed to assess the relative importance, to estimate and to solve the imbalances between the intermediate and final destination in economic sectors of the Cuban economy. This makes it possible to design public policies focused on improving economic complementarity and integration, a relevant aspect in the process of updating the Cuban economic and social model, endorsed in the government documents governing the economic reform undertaken since 2011. As a result, the methodology is applied in the province of Santiago de Cuba, where sectorial imbalances were estimated and productive capacities reserves of goods and services by 42.500 million pesos were identified to equilibrate the imbalances, which can contribute to investment decision-making within the framework of the country's economic and social development strategy until 2030.El artículo tiene como objetivo equilibrar los desbalances o desequilibrios sectoriales en la producción de bienes y servicios, identificados en la estructura productiva de Cuba, siguiendo una metodología que incluye la modelización matemática. Se diseñan y aplican modelos econométricos y de programación por metas (GP) para evaluar la importancia relativa, estimar y resolver los desequilibrios entre los sectores económicos de destinos intermedio y final de la economía cubana. Lo que posibilita el diseño de políticas públicas enfocadas a la mejora de la complementariedad e integración económica; aspecto relevante en el proceso de actualización del modelo económico y social cubano, refrendado en los documentos gubernamentales que rigen la reforma económica emprendida en 2011. Se aplica la metodología en la provincia de Santiago de Cuba, donde se estimaron desequilibrios sectoriales e identificaron reservas de capacidades productivas de bienes y servicios por 42.500 millones de pesos para equilibrar los desbalances, lo que puede contribuir a la toma de decisiones de inversión en el marco de la estrategia de desarrollo económico y social del país hasta 2030

Medición de la actitud implícita y explícita del alumnado de diferentes especialidades de la UCM hacia la música clásica y la capacidad de identificar las emociones básicas a través de la música

Numerosos trabajos de investigación y datos estadísticos culturales sostienen que la música clásica es poco consumida en la sociedad actual por el público más joven. Esta situación parece venir determinada por una actitud de rechazo. En el presente trabajo se propone determinar las actitudes hacia la música clásica en un grupo de estudiantes universitarios de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid y de la Universidad St Kliment Ohridsi de Bulgaria. Para la medición de estas actitudes se han utilizado el cuestionario de actitudes explícitas validado, donde los participantes muestran su opinión de una forma abierta y el test de Asociaciones Implícitas (IAT). Los resultados muestran que la mayoría de los participantes tienen actitudes explícitas negativas e implícitas positivas. Los chicos son menos negativamente inclinados por la música clásica que las chicas

Clonal chromosomal mosaicism and loss of chromosome Y in elderly men increase vulnerability for SARS-CoV-2

The pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19) had an estimated overall case fatality ratio of 1.38% (pre-vaccination), being 53% higher in males and increasing exponentially with age. Among 9578 individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 in the SCOURGE study, we found 133 cases (1.42%) with detectable clonal mosaicism for chromosome alterations (mCA) and 226 males (5.08%) with acquired loss of chromosome Y (LOY). Individuals with clonal mosaic events (mCA and/or LOY) showed a 54% increase in the risk of COVID-19 lethality. LOY is associated with transcriptomic biomarkers of immune dysfunction, pro-coagulation activity and cardiovascular risk. Interferon-induced genes involved in the initial immune response to SARS-CoV-2 are also down-regulated in LOY. Thus, mCA and LOY underlie at least part of the sex-biased severity and mortality of COVID-19 in aging patients. Given its potential therapeutic and prognostic relevance, evaluation of clonal mosaicism should be implemented as biomarker of COVID-19 severity in elderly people. Among 9578 individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 in the SCOURGE study, individuals with clonal mosaic events (clonal mosaicism for chromosome alterations and/or loss of chromosome Y) showed an increased risk of COVID-19 lethality