Postures assignées, usages revendiqués de la talvera

Bordure du champ, non labourée pour créer une marge de manœuvre, mais faisant l’objet de multiples usages par les paysans, la talvera est un vieux mot occitan qui, pris au pied de la lettre, sert d’analyseur pour penser les inventions dissensuelles du travail des champs et du rapport des chercheurs ou praticiens à leurs terrains. Dans le sillage d’Yvan Bourdet, cet article suggère que la talvera introduit une différence et une tension internes dans l’espace sensible, propres à des postures revendiquées qui sont autant de variations différentielles avec les modes d’assignation au travail.Talvera is an old Occitan word which designates the border of the field, left unploughed in order to leave room for manœuvre but which is used in many different ways by the farmers. Here talvera, taken literally, is used as an analyzer in order to think the dissensual inventions of the work in the fields as much as the way researchers or practitioners relate to their fields. Following Yvon Bourdet, this article suggests that the talvera introduces internal difference and tension in the sensitive space that are specific to claimed positions. Those postures represent as many differential variations to the way one is assigned at work

Postures assignées, postures revendiquées

Issu d’un colloque lors duquel anthropologues, travailleurs sociaux et membres de diverses autres professions ont débattu ensemble et avec le public des postures assignées et/ou revendiquées qui sont les leurs, ce numéro hors-série examine dans une perspective de coproduction des savoirs et des analyses, les postures que les chercheurs et/ou les professionnels sont amenés à adopter dans leur pratique, à la fois pour faire face aux changements de leurs institutions, et aux transformations de l..

Postures assignées, postures revendiquées

Issu d’un colloque lors duquel anthropologues, travailleurs sociaux et membres de diverses autres professions ont débattu ensemble et avec le public des postures assignées et/ou revendiquées qui sont les leurs, ce numéro hors-série examine dans une perspective de coproduction des savoirs et des analyses, les postures que les chercheurs et/ou les professionnels sont amenés à adopter dans leur pratique, à la fois pour faire face aux changements de leurs institutions, et aux transformations de l..

Pour une autre université

L’université Lille 1 – une partie de celle-ci – est en grève depuis janvier et le 2 mars 2009 les diverses AG ont décidé de la poursuite de celle-ci. À l’heure où l’on s’interroge sur le devenir du mouvement, instant crucial et incertain, nous pensons indispensable de nous prononcer sur l’ambition de celui-ci et son esprit, tout autant que sur les conditions d’une université autre en nous situant dans le cadre ordinaire de notre métier, celui de l’Institut de sociologie et d’anthropologie. Su..

Meningococcus serogroup C clonal complex ST-10217 outbreak in Zamfara State, Northern Nigeria.

After the successful roll out of MenAfriVac, Nigeria has experienced sequential meningitis outbreaks attributed to meningococcus serogroup C (NmC). Zamfara State in North-western Nigeria recently was at the epicentre of the largest NmC outbreak in the 21st Century with 7,140 suspected meningitis cases and 553 deaths reported between December 2016 and May 2017. The overall attack rate was 155 per 100,000 population and children 5-14 years accounted for 47% (3,369/7,140) of suspected cases. The case fatality rate (CFR) among children 5-9 years was 10%, double that reported among adults ≥ 30 years (5%). NmC and pneumococcus accounted for 94% (172/184) and 5% (9/184) of the laboratory-confirmed cases, respectively. The sequenced NmC belonged to the ST-10217 clonal complex (CC). All serotyped pneumococci were PCV10 serotypes. The emergence of NmC ST-10217 CC outbreaks threatens the public health gains made by MenAfriVac, which calls for an urgent strategic action against meningitis outbreaks

Extreme genome diversity in the hyper-prevalent parasitic eukaryote Blastocystis

Blastocystis is the most prevalent eukaryotic microbe colonizing the human gut, infecting approximately 1 billion individuals worldwide. Although Blastocystis has been linked to intestinal disorders, its pathogenicity remains controversial because most carriers are asymptomatic. Here, the genome sequence of Blastocystis subtype (ST) 1 is presented and compared to previously published sequences for ST4 and ST7. Despite a conserved core of genes, there is unexpected diversity between these STs in terms of their genome sizes, guanine-cytosine (GC) content, intron numbers, and gene content. ST1 has 6,544 protein-coding genes, which is several hundred more than reported for ST4 and ST7. The percentage of proteins unique to each ST ranges from 6.2% to 20.5%, greatly exceeding the differences observed within parasite genera. Orthologous proteins also display extreme divergence in amino acid sequence identity between STs (i.e., 59%–61%median identity), on par with observations of the most distantly related species pairs of parasite genera. The STs also display substantial variation in gene family distributions and sizes, especially for protein kinase and protease gene families, which could reflect differences in virulence. It remains to be seen to what extent these inter-ST differences persist at the intra-ST level. A full 26% of genes in ST1 have stop codons that are created on the mRNA level by a novel polyadenylation mechanism found only in Blastocystis. Reconstructions of pathways and organellar systems revealed that ST1 has a relatively complete membrane-trafficking system and a near-complete meiotic toolkit, possibly indicating a sexual cycle. Unlike some intestinal protistan parasites, Blastocystis ST1 has near-complete de novo pyrimidine, purine, and thiamine biosynthesis pathways and is unique amongst studied stramenopiles in being able to metabolize ?-glucans rather than ?-glucans. It lacks all genes encoding heme-containing cytochrome P450 proteins. Predictions of the mitochondrion-related organelle (MRO) proteome reveal an expanded repertoire of functions, including lipid, cofactor, and vitamin biosynthesis, as well as proteins that may be involved in regulating mitochondrial morphology and MRO/endoplasmic reticulum (ER) interactions. In sharp contrast, genes for peroxisome-associated functions are absent, suggesting Blastocystis STs lack this organelle. Overall, this study provides an important window into the biology of Blastocystis, showcasing significant differences between STs that can guide future experimental investigations into differences in their virulence and clarifying the roles of these organisms in gut health and disease

Brazilian cave heritage under siege

info:eu-repo/semantics/publishe

Le local verrouillé

Eme Bernard. Le local verrouillé. In: Autogestions, NS N°15, 1984. La gauche maladroite. pp. 9-24