Robert Schumann\u27s Piano Sonata no. 1 in f-sharp minor, op. 11–style and structure

Robert Schumann\u27s music reflects the complexity of his life and psyche. Even Schumann himself acknowledged the challenges this presented to anyone attempting to understand his music, and the Piano Sonata no. 1 in F-sharp minor, op. 11 is an example of the complex inter-relationship between Schumann\u27s music and life. This document will have a three-fold approach to discussing Schumann\u27s Sonata. I will outline the literary characteristics of German Romantic authors, discuss how Schumann musically interprets these characteristics while reflecting other composers, and show how these techniques help add extra-musical significance to op. 11, particularly in connection with Clara. Robert Schumann\u27s compositional style reveals a wide range of influences, such as Romantic authors Jean Paul Richter and E. T. A. Hoffmann and fellow composers Ludwig van Beethoven, Franz Schubert, and Johann Sebastian Bach. While these people were influential in Schumann\u27s life, perhaps no one was more important to Schumann than Clara Wieck. During the composition of the Sonata op. 11, Clara\u27s father, Friederick Wieck, attempted to end their relationship by sending Clara far away. Schumann used this Sonata as a means of communicating with Clara. These elements give op. 11 an additional level of meaning. I believe that this Sonata accurately reflects Schumann\u27s influences, compositional style, and his life and that understanding this diverse spectrum of elements can be invaluable to anyone attempting to interpret this great work

Evaluating pediatrics residents’ ethics learning needs using multisource interprofessional feedback

Background: Ethics education is a required component of pediatric residency training. Limited instructional time requires educators to identify and prioritize learning needs. This is the first study to identify pediatric residents’ ethics learning needs using a multisource (360 degree) assessment. We hypothesized that pediatricians or allied health care professionals would identify unperceived ethics learning needs.Methods: Pediatric residents, pediatricians, respiratory therapists (RTs), and registered nurses (RNs) working at a university children's hospital rated the importance of twelve ethics themes as learning needs for trainees using a Likert-type scale. One-way ANOVA was used to determine differences between the groups, followed by post-hoc testing.Results: Response rates were 65%, 70%, 57%, and 47% for residents, pediatricians, RTs, and RNs, respectively. Themes were categorized into three priority groupings based on mean importance ratings. Where significant differences existed between residents and other respondent groups, pediatric residents rated the theme as being more important. Conclusion: This study provides an interprofessional assessment of pediatric residents’ perceived ethics learning needs. High priority ethics topics were identified, allowing for targeted teaching. Pediatricians and allied HCPs did not rate any ethics themes higher than residents. Medical educators may consider using methods inspired by multisource feedback for program evaluation

Can the Child Testify?: On Childhood, Testimony, and the Cultural Construction of the Child as Political Subject

DOI: 10.1353/jeu.2010.000

Expression analysis of the mouse S100A7/psoriasin gene in skin inflammation and mammary tumorigenesis

BACKGROUND: The human psoriasin (S100A7) gene has been implicated in inflammation and tumor progression. Implementation of a mouse model would facilitate further investigation of its function, however little is known of the murine psoriasin gene. In this study we have cloned the cDNA and characterized the expression of the potential murine ortholog of human S100A7/psoriasin in skin inflammation and mammary tumorigenesis. METHODS: On the basis of chromosomal location, phylogenetic analysis, amino acid sequence similarity, conservation of a putative Jab1-binding motif, and similarities of the patterns of mouse S100A7/psoriasin gene expression (measured by RT-PCR and in-situ hybridization) with those of human S100A7/psoriasin, we propose that mouse S100A7/psoriasin is the murine ortholog of human psoriasin/S100A7. RESULTS: Although mouse S100A7/psoriasin is poorly conserved relative to other S100 family members, its pattern of expression parallels that of the human psoriasin gene. In murine skin S100A7/psoriasin was significantly upregulated in relation to inflammation. In murine mammary gland expression is also upregulated in mammary tumors, where it is localized to areas of squamous differentiation. This mirrors the context of expression in human tumor types where both squamous and glandular differentiation occur, including cervical and lung carcinomas. Additionally, mouse S100A7/psoriasin possesses a putative Jab1 binding motif that mediates many downstream functions of the human S100A7 gene. CONCLUSION: These observations and results support the hypothesis that the mouse S100A7 gene is structurally and functionally similar to human S100A7 and may offer a relevant model system for studying its normal biological function and putative role in tumor progression

The bond behaviour of CFRP-to-steel bonded joints with varying bond properties at elevated temperatures

The mechanical properties of different adhesives at elevated temperatures can change differently due to the differences in adhesive molecular chain structure. Therefore, a profound understanding of the effect of these property changes on the bond behaviour of carbon fibre reinforced polymer (CFRP)-to-steel bonded joints is of great importance when designing bonded CFRP strengthening systems for steel structures. Existing studies on CFRP-to-steel bonded joints under monotonic loading have clearly shown that both adhesive mechanical properties and geometrical properties of the bonded joints (e.g. bond length) may significantly influence the bond strength. Existing studies on adhesive mechanical properties under elevated temperatures have shown that the variation of adhesive mechanical properties, especially fracture energy with temperature depends significantly on the adhesive type. No comprehensive study exists so far on understanding the effects of key mechanical and geometrical parameters of a CFRP-to-steel bonded joints at elevated temperatures on bond strength. This paper presents a study aimed at understanding the effects of different parameters such as temperature dependent mechanical properties of adhesive and bond length on the behaviour of CFRP-to-steel bonded joints at elevated temperatures. Results of this study showed that (1) load-displacement behaviour of the bonded joints is sensitive to temperature variations, (2) for bonded joints with sufficiently long bond length, the ultimate load depends only on the fracture energy of the final temperature, and (3) the maximum load of the bonded joints depends on the ratio between the loading and heating rates