The Effect of Acute Citrulline Malate Supplementation on Mitochondrial Function, Oxygen Saturation, Handgrip Critical Force, and Recovery of Force in the Forearm Muscles.

Citrulline Malate has possible exercise performance enhancement abilities due to the vasodilatory effect of nitric oxide produced from citrulline combined with a possible increase in mitochondrial efficiency from malate. However, the latter mechanism is unclear and has not been studied in conjunction with an aerobic performance test. Additionally, there has been a lack of studying how a large enough dose with proper pharmacokinetic timing from consumption to exercise affects these measures. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate how an acute, 12g dose of citrulline malate affects mitochondrial function, oxygen saturation, and performance of a handgrip critical force test in the forearm muscles. METHODS: Seventeen participants (all women aged 18-35 years) completed three visits consisting of one familiarization and two experimental. This study utilized a randomized, double-blind, crossover design where participants drank either a citrulline malate or placebo solution, underwent a one-hour rest period, completed the mitochondrial function test, and then performed the handgrip critical force test followed by four recovery contractions. Mitochondrial function (time constant tau values), oxygen saturation and desaturation during the handgrip test (measured using infrared spectroscopy), and critical force variables were measured and compared between the supplement and placebo days. RESULTS: No statistical differences for mitochondrial function, maximal strength, critical force, force-time integral, areas-under the curve for oxy- and deoxy-hemoglobin, hemoglobin difference, and tissue saturation index were found. Additionally, there was no significant difference between the rate of recovery of force (p > 0.05). While there were no significant differences between conditions for the 20-second, time-binned averages of oxy/deoxy-hemoglobin, hemoglobin difference, and tissue saturation index during the handgrip critical force test (p > 0.05), there were significant main effects for time for all four of these variables (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: In conclusion, an acute, 12g dose of citrulline malate had no influence on mitochondrial function, oxygen saturation or desaturation, or performance of a handgrip critical force test. Future studies should investigate other mechanisms involved with this supplement, how or if citrulline malate affects electrically stimulated critical torque, or how other nitric oxide-producing supplements (like beet-root juice) affect mitochondrial function or aerobic performance. A larger sample size should also be included in future studies

The Effect of Nicotine and Cotinine on the Development of Cochliomyia macellaria (Fabricius) (Diptera: Calliphoridae)

Nicotine, readily available in electronic nicotine delivery systems, poses a lethal threat as it is easily accessible and highly toxic in its liquid form. Seventy-five percent of nicotine is metabolized into cotinine, and with the growing prevalence of nicotine-related deaths comes the increased possibility of finding nicotine or cotinine in the tissues of a corpse and thus the possibility of distorting the postmortem interval (PMI). Through entomotoxicology, the study of how drugs and toxins influence the development of insects present on a decomposing body, this experiment aimed to determine if varying levels of nicotine and cotinine affect the development of the forensically important Cochliomyia macellaria (Fabricius) [Diptera: Calliphoridae]. In this experiment, C. macellaria maggots were reared on seven varying concentrations of nicotine and cotinine and were sampled every eight hours. Length, weight and accumulated degree hours were then measured or determined. Our study found that maggots reared on lethal nicotine and lethal cotinine showed a significant decrease in length and weight as well as a delay in development time for the second instar life stage. These results suggest a relationship between high concentrations of nicotine and cotinine and the development of C. macellaria, which could greatly affect PMI estimations.Biography: Elise Hodges, Tessa Fungo, Gautham, and Hannah Bowlin are undergraduate honor’s students who conducted a research project in the field of forensic entomology as a part of Dr. Heather Ketchum’s perspectives course, “Bugs, Thugs, and Science” in fall 2018.University Libraries Undergraduate Research Awardundergraduat

Frontotemporal dementia and its subtypes: a genome-wide association study

SummaryBackground Frontotemporal dementia (FTD) is a complex disorder characterised by a broad range of clinical manifestations, differential pathological signatures, and genetic variability. Mutations in three genes—MAPT, GRN, and C9orf72—have been associated with FTD. We sought to identify novel genetic risk loci associated with the disorder. Methods We did a two-stage genome-wide association study on clinical FTD, analysing samples from 3526 patients with {FTD} and 9402 healthy controls. To reduce genetic heterogeneity, all participants were of European ancestry. In the discovery phase (samples from 2154 patients with {FTD} and 4308 controls), we did separate association analyses for each {FTD} subtype (behavioural variant FTD, semantic dementia, progressive non-fluent aphasia, and {FTD} overlapping with motor neuron disease FTD-MND), followed by a meta-analysis of the entire dataset. We carried forward replication of the novel suggestive loci in an independent sample series (samples from 1372 patients and 5094 controls) and then did joint phase and brain expression and methylation quantitative trait loci analyses for the associated (p&lt;5 × 10−8) single-nucleotide polymorphisms. Findings We identified novel associations exceeding the genome-wide significance threshold (p&lt;5 × 10−8). Combined (joint) analyses of discovery and replication phases showed genome-wide significant association at 6p21.3, \{HLA\} locus (immune system), for rs9268877 (p=1·05 × 10−8; odds ratio=1·204 95% \{CI\} 1·11–1·30), rs9268856 (p=5·51 × 10−9; 0·809 0·76–0·86) and rs1980493 (p value=1·57 × 10−8, 0·775 0·69–0·86) in the entire cohort. We also identified a potential novel locus at 11q14, encompassing RAB38/CTSC (the transcripts of which are related to lysosomal biology), for the behavioural \{FTD\} subtype for which joint analyses showed suggestive association for rs302668 (p=2·44 × 10−7; 0·814 0·71–0·92). Analysis of expression and methylation quantitative trait loci data suggested that these loci might affect expression and methylation in cis. Interpretation Our findings suggest that immune system processes (link to 6p21.3) and possibly lysosomal and autophagy pathways (link to 11q14) are potentially involved in FTD. Our findings need to be replicated to better define the association of the newly identified loci with disease and to shed light on the pathomechanisms contributing to FTD. Funding The National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke and National Institute on Aging, the Wellcome/MRC Centre on Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's Research UK, and Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center

Mendelian randomization implies no direct causal association between leukocyte telomere length and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

Funder: QingLan Research Project of Jiangsu for Outstanding Young TeachersFunder: Project funded by Postdoctoral Science Foundation of Xuzhou Medical UniversityFunder: Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions (PAPD) for Xuzhou Medical UniversityAbstract: We employed Mendelian randomization (MR) to evaluate the causal relationship between leukocyte telomere length (LTL) and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) with summary statistics from genome-wide association studies (n = ~ 38,000 for LTL and ~ 81,000 for ALS in the European population; n = ~ 23,000 for LTL and ~ 4,100 for ALS in the Asian population). We further evaluated mediation roles of lipids in the pathway from LTL to ALS. The odds ratio per standard deviation decrease of LTL on ALS was 1.10 (95% CI 0.93–1.31, p = 0.274) in the European population and 0.75 (95% CI 0.53–1.07, p = 0.116) in the Asian population. This null association was also detected between LTL and frontotemporal dementia in the European population. However, we found that an indirect effect of LTL on ALS might be mediated by low density lipoprotein (LDL) or total cholesterol (TC) in the European population. These results were robust against extensive sensitivity analyses. Overall, our MR study did not support the direct causal association between LTL and the ALS risk in neither population, but provided suggestive evidence for the mediation role of LDL or TC on the influence of LTL and ALS in the European population

Reducing the environmental impact of surgery on a global scale: systematic review and co-prioritization with healthcare workers in 132 countries

Abstract Background Healthcare cannot achieve net-zero carbon without addressing operating theatres. The aim of this study was to prioritize feasible interventions to reduce the environmental impact of operating theatres. Methods This study adopted a four-phase Delphi consensus co-prioritization methodology. In phase 1, a systematic review of published interventions and global consultation of perioperative healthcare professionals were used to longlist interventions. In phase 2, iterative thematic analysis consolidated comparable interventions into a shortlist. In phase 3, the shortlist was co-prioritized based on patient and clinician views on acceptability, feasibility, and safety. In phase 4, ranked lists of interventions were presented by their relevance to high-income countries and low–middle-income countries. Results In phase 1, 43 interventions were identified, which had low uptake in practice according to 3042 professionals globally. In phase 2, a shortlist of 15 intervention domains was generated. In phase 3, interventions were deemed acceptable for more than 90 per cent of patients except for reducing general anaesthesia (84 per cent) and re-sterilization of ‘single-use’ consumables (86 per cent). In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for high-income countries were: introducing recycling; reducing use of anaesthetic gases; and appropriate clinical waste processing. In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for low–middle-income countries were: introducing reusable surgical devices; reducing use of consumables; and reducing the use of general anaesthesia. Conclusion This is a step toward environmentally sustainable operating environments with actionable interventions applicable to both high– and low–middle–income countries

The Cross-Roads of Gender and Military : A Rethinking of the Women’s Airforce Service Pilots (WASPs) of World War Two

Arts, Faculty ofHistory, Department ofUnreviewedUndergraduat

27.3 Patients With ASD Treated With ECT

http://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/191433/2/AACAP2023_Ghaziuddin et al_ASD_ECT.docxPublished versio

Speech production abilities of 4- to 5-year-old children with and without a history of late talking : the tricky tyrannosaurus

Purpose: Research on the speech production abilities of children with a history of late talking (HLT) is limited. We compared 4- to 5-year-old children with and without a HLT on a routine speech assessment and a single-word polysyllable assessment. Method: The two speech assessments were administered to 13 children with a HLT (4;4–5;9 years) and 11 children with a history of typical development (HTD) (4;1–5;10 years). Data were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Result: The HLT group had significantly poorer speech accuracy than the HTD group on both the routine speech and polysyllable assessments. The HLT group also showed a significantly higher percentage occurrence of consonant omissions on both speech assessments compared to the HTD group. Descriptive analysis of participants’ polysyllable productions indicated that the HLT group showed a higher percentage occurrence of a range of error types compared to the HTD group. Conclusion: By 4–5 years of age, children who were late to talk had speech production abilities that were significantly poorer than their peers who were not late to talk, suggesting continued underlying differences