Selección, clasificación y gestión de fuentes de información en línea para la traducción jurídica (EN > ES)

La traducción jurídica es una modalidad de traducción especializada que exige una gran preparación. Los principales problemas a los que se enfrenta un traductor jurídico suelen ser de tipo cultural, textual, terminológico y fraseológico, por lo que, necesariamente, tendrá que desarrollar este tipo de competencias. Evidentemente, el traductor no puede llegar a competir en conocimientos con los profesionales del Derecho, pero sí podrá llegar a dominar su competencia documental. Solo así estará en condiciones de poder resolver satisfactoriamente sus necesidades y demandas informativas. Ante la gran cantidad de posibilidades que ofrece Internet como recurso documental, en este trabajo hemos procedido a seleccionar, clasificar y describir algunas de las fuentes de información electrónicas que pueden resultar especialmente útiles para el traductor de textos jurídicos (EN > ES). Hemos complementado este trabajo escrito con la creación de un sitio web (con Google Sites) y de un webmix (con Symbaloo) en donde aparecen ordenadas todas las fuentes descritas.Grado en Traducción e Interpretació

Gut bacteriome analysis of Anastrepha fraterculus sp. 1 during the early steps of laboratory colonization

Microbial communities associated to insect species are involved in essential biological functions such as host nutrition, reproduction and survivability. Main factors have been described as modulators of gut bacterial community, such as diet, habit, developmental stage and taxonomy of the host. The present work focuses on the complex changes that gut microbial communities go through when wild insects are introduced to artificial rearing conditions. Specifically, we analyzed the effect of the laboratory colonization on the richness and diversity of the gut bacteriome hosted by the fruit fly pest Anastrepha fraterculus sp. 1. Bacterial profiles were studied by amplicon sequencing of the 16S rRNA V3–V4 hypervariable region in gut samples of males and females, in teneral (1-day-old, unfed) and post-teneral (15-day-old, fed) flies. A total of 3,147,665 sequence reads were obtained and 32 bacterial operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were identified. Proteobacteria was the most abundant phylum (93.3% of the total reads) and, Wolbachia and Enterobacter were the most represented taxa at the genus level (29.9% and 27.7%, respectively, of the total read counts). Wild and laboratory flies showed highly significant differences in the relative abundances of bacteria. The analysis of the core bacteriome showed the presence of five OTUs in all samples grouped by origin, while nine and five OTUs were exclusively detected in laboratory and wild flies, respectively. Irrespective of fly origin or sex, a dominant presence of Wolbachia was observed in teneral flies, whereas Enterobacter was highly abundant in post-teneral individuals. We evidenced significant differences in bacterial richness and diversity among generations under laboratory colonization (F0, F1, F3 and F6) and compared to laboratory and wild flies, displaying also differential patterns between teneral and post-teneral flies. Laboratory and wild A. fraterculus sp. 1 harbor different gut bacterial communities. Laboratory colonization has an important effect on the microbiota, most likely associated to the combined effects of insect physiology and environmental conditions (e.g., diet and colony management).Instituto de GenéticaFil: Salgueiro, Julieta. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Genética. Laboratorio de Genética de Insectos de Importancia Económica; Argentina. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Agrobiotecnología y Biología Molecular; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Pimper, Lidia Elena. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Genética. Laboratorio de Genética de Insectos de Importancia Económica; Argentina. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Agrobiotecnología y Biología Molecular; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Segura, Diego Fernando. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Genética. Laboratorio de Genética de Insectos de Importancia Económica; Argentina. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Agrobiotecnología y Biología Molecular; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Milla, Fabian Horacio. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Genética. Laboratorio de Genética de Insectos de Importancia Económica; Argentina. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Agrobiotecnología y Biología Molecular; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Russo, Romina María. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Genética. Laboratorio de Genética de Insectos de Importancia Económica; Argentina. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Agrobiotecnología y Biología Molecular; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Asimakis, Elias D. University of Patras. Department of Environmental Engineering; GreciaFil: Stathopoulou, Panagiota. University of Patras. Department of Environmental Engineering; GreciaFil: Bourtzis, Kostas. Vienna International Centre. Joint FAO/IAEA Division of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture. Insect Pest Control Laboratory; AustriaFil: Cladera, Jorge Luis. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Genética. Laboratorio de Genética de Insectos de Importancia Económica; Argentina. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Agrobiotecnología y Biología Molecular; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Tsiamis, George. University of Patras. Department of Environmental Engineering; GreciaFil: Lanzavecchia, Silvia Beatriz. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Genética "Ewald A. Favret". Laboratorio de Genética de Insectos de Importancia Económica; Argentina. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Agrobiotecnología y Biología Molecular; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentin

Geographic distribution of sex chromosome polymorphism in Anastrepha fraterculus sp. 1 from Argentina

Background Anastrepha fraterculus is recognized as a quarantine pest in several American countries. This fruit fly species is native to the American continent and distributed throughout tropical and subtropical regions. It has been reported as a complex of cryptic species, and at least eight morphotypes have been described. Only one entity of this complex, formerly named Anastrepha fraterculus sp. 1, is present in Argentina. Previous cytogenetic studies on this morphotype described the presence of sex chromosome variation identified by chromosomal size and staining patterns. In this work, we expanded the cytological study of this morphotype by analyzing laboratory strains and wild populations to provide information about the frequency and geographic distribution of these sex chromosome variants. We analyzed the mitotic metaphases of individuals from four laboratory strains and five wild populations from the main fruit-producing areas of Argentina, including the northwest (Tucumán and La Rioja), northeast (Entre Ríos and Misiones), and center (Buenos Aires) of the country. Results In wild samples, we observed a high frequency of X1X1 (0.94) and X1Y5 (0.93) karyomorphs, whereas X1X2 and X1Y6 were exclusively found at a low frequency in Buenos Aires (0.07 and 0.13, respectively), Entre Ríos (0.16 and 0.14, respectively) and Tucumán (0.03 and 0.04, respectively). X2X2 and X2Y5 karyomorphs were not found in wild populations but were detected at a low frequency in laboratory strains. In fact, karyomorph frequencies differed between wild populations and laboratory strains. No significant differences among A. fraterculus wild populations were evidenced in either karyotypic or chromosomal frequencies. However, a significant correlation was observed between Y5 chromosomal frequency and latitude. Conclusions We discuss the importance of cytogenetics to understand the possible route of invasion and dispersion of this pest in Argentina and the evolutionary forces acting under laboratory conditions, possibly driving changes in the chromosomal frequencies. Our findings provide deep and integral genetic knowledge of this species, which has become of relevance to the characterization and selection of valuable A. fraterculus sp. 1 strains for mass rearing production and SIT implementation.Fil: Giardini, Maria Cecilia. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Genética "Ewald A. Favret"; Argentina.Fil: Nieves, Mariela. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Departamento de Ecología. Grupo de Investigación en Biología Evolutiva; Argentina.Fil: Scannapieco, Alejandra Carla. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Genética. Laboratorio de Insectos de Importancia Económica; Argentina.Fil: Conte, Claudia Alejandra. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Genética "Ewald A. Favret"; Argentina. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Agrobiotecnología y Biología Molecular; Argentina.Fil: Milla, Fabian Horacio. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Genética. Laboratorio de Genética de Insectos de Importancia Económica; Argentina. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Agrobiotecnología y Biología Molecular; Argentina.Fil: Schapovaloff, Maria Elena. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Montecarlo; Argentina.Fil: Frissolo, Maria Soledad. Programa Nacional de Control y Erradicación de Moscas de los Frutos (PROCEM). Subprograma La Rioja; ArgentinaFil: Remis, Maria Isabel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina.Fil: Cladera, Jorge Luis. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Genética. Laboratorio de Insectos de Importancia Agronómica; Argentina.Fil: Lanzavecchia, Silvia Beatriz. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Genética; Argentina. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Agrobiotecnología y Biología Molecular; Argentina.Fil: Nieves, Mariela. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Giardini, Maria Cecilia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Scannapieco, Alejandra Carla. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Conte, Claudia Alejandra. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Milla, Fabian Horacio. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Schapovaloff, Maria Elena. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Remis, Maria Isabel. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Departamento de Ecología, Genética y Evolución; ArgentinaFil: Cladera, Jorge Luis. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Agrobiotecnología y Biología Molecular; Argentina.Fil: Cladera, Jorge Luis. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Lanzavecchia, Silvia Beatriz. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentin

First circumpolar assessment of Arctic freshwater phytoplankton and zooplankton diversity : Spatial patterns and environmental factors

Arctic freshwaters are facing multiple environmental pressures, including rapid climate change and increasing land-use activities. Freshwater plankton assemblages are expected to reflect the effects of these stressors through shifts in species distributions and changes to biodiversity. These changes may occur rapidly due to the short generation times and high dispersal capabilities of both phyto- and zooplankton. Spatial patterns and contemporary trends in plankton diversity throughout the circumpolar region were assessed using data from more than 300 lakes in the U.S.A. (Alaska), Canada, Greenland, Iceland, the Faroe Islands, Norway, Sweden, Finland, and Russia. The main objectives of this study were: (1) to assess spatial patterns of plankton diversity focusing on pelagic communities; (2) to assess dominant component of beta diversity (turnover or nestedness); (3) to identify which environmental factors best explain diversity; and (4) to provide recommendations for future monitoring and assessment of freshwater plankton communities across the Arctic region. Phytoplankton and crustacean zooplankton diversity varied substantially across the Arctic and was positively related to summer air temperature. However, for zooplankton, the positive correlation between summer temperature and species numbers decreased with increasing latitude. Taxonomic richness was lower in the high Arctic compared to the sub- and low Arctic for zooplankton but this pattern was less clear for phytoplankton. Fennoscandia and inland regions of Russia represented hotspots for, respectively, phytoplankton and zooplankton diversity, whereas isolated regions had lower taxonomic richness. Ecoregions with high alpha diversity generally also had high beta diversity, and turnover was the most important component of beta diversity in all ecoregions. For both phytoplankton and zooplankton, climatic variables were the most important environmental factors influencing diversity patterns, consistent with previous studies that examined shorter temperature gradients. However, barriers to dispersal may have also played a role in limiting diversity on islands. A better understanding of how diversity patterns are determined by colonisation history, environmental variables, and biotic interactions requires more monitoring data with locations dispersed evenly across the circumpolar Arctic. Furthermore, the importance of turnover in regional diversity patterns indicates that more extensive sampling is required to fully characterise the species pool of Arctic lakes.Peer reviewe

Carbonic anhydrase seven bundles filamentous actin and regulates dendritic spine morphology and density

Intracellular pH is a potent modulator of neuronal functions. By catalyzing (de)hydration of CO2, intracellular carbonic anhydrase (CA(i)) isoforms CA2 and CA7 contribute to neuronal pH buffering and dynamics. The presence of two highly active isoforms in neurons suggests that they may serve isozyme-specific functions unrelated to CO2-(de)hydration. Here, we show that CA7, unlike CA2, binds to filamentous actin, and its overexpression induces formation of thick actin bundles and membrane protrusions in fibroblasts. In CA7-overexpressing neurons, CA7 is enriched in dendritic spines, which leads to aberrant spine morphology. We identified amino acids unique to CA7 that are required for direct actin interactions, promoting actin filament bundling and spine targeting. Disruption of CA7 expression in neocortical neurons leads to higher spine density due to increased proportion of small spines. Thus, our work demonstrates highly distinct subcellular expression patterns of CA7 and CA2, and a novel, structural role of CA7.Peer reviewe

Molecular tools for selective recovery and detection of lignin-derived molecules

The pulp and paper industry together with lignocellulosic biofuel production provides plentiful streams of lignin and lignin-derived molecules (LDMs) that currently remain underutilized. The heterogeneity and complexity of lignin along with the lack of convenient tools significantly hamper its utilization. Selective separation of these LDMs from streams using specific tools would allow the recovery of aromatic compounds, as well as facilitate biological processes aiming at lignin valorization. To this end, here we report the isolation and characterization of single-chain variable fragment (scFv) antibodies against ferulate, coumarate, and caffeate, which are the molecular representatives of LDMs. Binders for the target LDMs were enriched by interrogating a synthetic scFv library with the phage display technique. As a result, scFv binders specific against each of the target molecules were obtained with affinities in the micromolar range. The selectivity of scFvs towards specific LDMs was proved by recovering caffeate from simulated LDM solution, Kraft lignin, and rice straw hydrolysate samples. Further proof of concept studies with model compounds demonstrated the applicability of antibody-based binders as a detection tool for monitoring microbial LDM conversion. Overall, this study demonstrates the potential of scFv binders as a specific toolset for lignin compound recovery and analysis

A new cerkl mouse model generated by CRISPR-Cas9 shows progressive retinal degeneration and altered morphological and electrophysiological phenotype

Purpose: Close to 100 genes cause retinitis pigmentosa, a Mendelian rare disease that affects 1 out of 4000 people worldwide. Mutations in the ceramide kinase-like gene (CERKL) are a prevalent cause of autosomal recessive cause retinitis pigmentosa and cone-rod dystrophy, but the functional role of this gene in the retina has yet to be fully determined. We aimed to generate a mouse model that resembles the phenotypic traits of patients carrying CERKL mutations to undertake functional studies and assay therapeutic approaches. Methods: The Cerkl locus has been deleted (around 97 kb of genomic DNA) by gene editing using the CRISPR-Cas9 D10A nickase. Because the deletion of the Cerkl locus is lethal in mice in homozygosis, a double heterozygote mouse model with less than 10% residual Cerkl expression has been generated. The phenotypic alterations of the retina of this new model have been characterized at the morphological and electrophysiological levels. Results: This CerklKD/KO model shows retinal degeneration, with a decreased number of cones and progressive photoreceptor loss, poorly stacked photoreceptor outer segment membranes, defective retinal pigment epithelium phagocytosis, and altered electrophysiological recordings in aged retinas. Conclusions: To our knowledge, this is the first Cerkl mouse model to mimic many of the phenotypic traits, including the slow but progressive retinal degeneration, shown by human patients carrying CERKL mutations. This useful model will provide unprecedented insights into the retinal molecular pathways altered in these patients and will contribute to the design of effective treatments

Hacia un reenfoque de los criterios periodísticos para abordar la industria gastronómica : el caso de Leche de Tigre

Leche de Tigre es un medio digital de periodismo gastronómico que nace con el objetivo de abordar de manera transversal temas relacionados con la industria gastronómica que vinculen aspectos como la salud, medio ambiente, cultura, política y entretenimiento. El Perú es un país en donde la comida ocupa un lugar muy importante, pero la forma en la que el periodismo ha abordado estos temas se ha centrado en recetas, notas de lista y recomendaciones. Esto deja un nicho con una necesidad que nuestro proyecto desea cubrir a través del reenfoque del periodismo hacia temas gastronómicos. Luego de realizar una revisión de medios similares en otros países y el nuestro, nos quedamos con algunos aportes de plataformas como Animal Gourmet, Buenazo y Revista Sobremesa. A partir de ello, rescatamos que nuestro medio desea abordar temas de la industria gastronómica priorizando la investigación con criterios periodísticos. No obstante, es importante crear contenido de utilidad, práctico y que genere cercanía en el usuario para ir formando una comunidad fidelizada. El enfoque periodístico que planteamos sigue la línea de los principios del rubro pero con un lenguaje fresco, coloquial, informal y flexible. A su vez, existen tres criterios que planteamos para garantizar la calidad periodística de la información brindada: la selección de historias que se van a investigar, la clasificación del contenido según el formato en que se va a realizar y la pluralidad de fuentes para tener un contenido completo. Finalmente, el medio Leche de Tigre reconoce que cuenta con la oportunidad de continuar creciendo a futuro, pero necesita sobrevivir en el medio a nivel económico sin perder su esencia. Para esto, analizamos dos posibilidades. La primera es crear alianzas con negocios del rubro y otros medios para ayudarse mutuamente, sin perder la independencia periodística. La segunda implica que el medio mantenga una innovación constante y se adapte a las necesidades del contexto, pero con el rigor, transparencia y responsabilidad que lo caracteriza.Leche de Tigre is a digital medium of gastronomic journalism that is proposed with the purpose of transversally addressing issues that are related to the gastronomic industry and the different edges that have an impact on society: health, environmental, cultural, political, social and entertainment. Peru is a country where food has a very important place in our lives, but the way in which journalism has addressed these issues has focused on recipes, list notes, and recommendations. This leaves a niche with a need that the proposed medium wishes to cover through the refocusing of journalism towards gastronomic issues. After carrying out a review of similar media in other countries and ours, we were left with some contributions from platforms such as Animal Gourmet, Buenazo and Revista Sobremesa. From this, we rescue that our media wants to address issues of the gastronomic industry, prioritizing research with journalistic criteria. However, it is important to create useful, practical content that generates closeness in the user to form a loyal community. The journalistic approach that we propose follows the line of the principles of the field but with a fresh, colloquial, informal and flexible language. In turn, there are three criteria that we propose to guarantee the journalistic quality of the information provided: the selection of stories that are going to be investigated, the classification of the content according to the format in which it is going to be carried out, and the plurality of sources to have a full content. Finally, the Leche de Tigre medium recognizes that it has the opportunity to continue growing in the future, but it needs to survive in the medium at an economic level without losing its essence. For this, we analyze two possibilities. The first is to create alliances with businesses in the field and other media to help each other, without losing journalistic independence. The second implies that the medium maintains constant innovation and adapts to the needs of the context, but with the rigor, transparency and responsibility that characterizes it