Risk profiles and one-year outcomes of patients with newly diagnosed atrial fibrillation in India: Insights from the GARFIELD-AF Registry.

BACKGROUND: The Global Anticoagulant Registry in the FIELD-Atrial Fibrillation (GARFIELD-AF) is an ongoing prospective noninterventional registry, which is providing important information on the baseline characteristics, treatment patterns, and 1-year outcomes in patients with newly diagnosed non-valvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF). This report describes data from Indian patients recruited in this registry. METHODS AND RESULTS: A total of 52,014 patients with newly diagnosed AF were enrolled globally; of these, 1388 patients were recruited from 26 sites within India (2012-2016). In India, the mean age was 65.8 years at diagnosis of NVAF. Hypertension was the most prevalent risk factor for AF, present in 68.5% of patients from India and in 76.3% of patients globally (P < 0.001). Diabetes and coronary artery disease (CAD) were prevalent in 36.2% and 28.1% of patients as compared with global prevalence of 22.2% and 21.6%, respectively (P < 0.001 for both). Antiplatelet therapy was the most common antithrombotic treatment in India. With increasing stroke risk, however, patients were more likely to receive oral anticoagulant therapy [mainly vitamin K antagonist (VKA)], but average international normalized ratio (INR) was lower among Indian patients [median INR value 1.6 (interquartile range {IQR}: 1.3-2.3) versus 2.3 (IQR 1.8-2.8) (P < 0.001)]. Compared with other countries, patients from India had markedly higher rates of all-cause mortality [7.68 per 100 person-years (95% confidence interval 6.32-9.35) vs 4.34 (4.16-4.53), P < 0.0001], while rates of stroke/systemic embolism and major bleeding were lower after 1 year of follow-up. CONCLUSION: Compared to previously published registries from India, the GARFIELD-AF registry describes clinical profiles and outcomes in Indian patients with AF of a different etiology. The registry data show that compared to the rest of the world, Indian AF patients are younger in age and have more diabetes and CAD. Patients with a higher stroke risk are more likely to receive anticoagulation therapy with VKA but are underdosed compared with the global average in the GARFIELD-AF. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION-URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT01090362

Synthesis and reactions of 4-(p-methoxybenzyl)-6-[5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-2-naphthyl]-pyridazin-3(2H)-one

The condensation of 4-(p-methoxybenzyl)-6-[5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-2-naphthyl]-pyridazin-3(2H)-one (3), prepared by the reaction of 6-[5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-2-naphthyl]-4,5-dihydropyridazin-3(2H)-one (1) and anisaldehyde, with dimethyl sulphate, formaldehyde and acrylonitrile, and also the formation of the Mannich base, proceeded smoothly at the 2-position to give compounds 4,5,6,7, respectively. 4-p-Methoxybenzyl-3-chloro-6-[5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-2-naphthyl]-pyridazine (9) was prepared in law yield by the action of phosphorus oxychloride on 3. The reaction of 9 with benzylamine, aniline and piperidine gave 10a,b,c, respectively. 4-p-Methoxybenzyl-6-[5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-2-napthyl]pyridazine-3(2H)-thione (12) was prepared either by the action of thiourea on 9, or by the reaction of 3 with phosphorus pentasulphide. The reaction of these thiones with acrylonitrile, morpholine and piperidine to give 13 and 14 a,b, respectively, were also investigated

Bayesian Inference for Concomitants based on Weibull Subfamily of Morgenstern Family Under Generalized Order Statistics

In this paper, for Weibull subfamily of Morgenstern family, the joint density of the concomitants of generalized order statistics (GOS's) is used to obtain the maximum likelihood estimates (MLE) and Bayes estimates for the distribution parameters. Applications of these results for concomitants of order statistics are presented

Growth and Yield of Some Wheat Cultivars Irrigated with Saline Water in Newly Cultivated Land as Affected by Biofertilization

Abstract: A field experiment was performed during the two consecutive winter seasons of 2004 / 2005 and 2005 / 2006 to study the effect of biofertilizers Azospirillum and yeast (Candila) and their interaction, in the presence of the half recommended dose of NPK, on yield and its components of some wheat cultivars grown in newly cultivated land. The various biotreatments supported with 50 % NPK, while control was supported with the recommended dose of NPK. The results could be summarized as follows Wheat cultivars, i.e. ( Sakha-93, Gemiza-7 and Gemiza-9 ) significantly differed in all growth characters under study at 120 days from sowing. Biotreatments produced significant increments in all growth characters under study. The effect of interaction between wheat cultivars and biotreatments showed a significant effect on all growth characters under study. The results showed that wheat cultivars significantly affected yield and its components except harvest index. There were significant differences for yield and its components except harvest index owing to biotreatments. The interaction between wheat cultivars and biotreatments showed a significant effect on plant height, No. of spike / m , spike length, No. of grains / spike, weight of grains / spike, 1000 grains weight, grain yield / fed., straw yield / fed. and biological yield / fed

Rheology of a viscoelastic zwitterionic surfactant used in acid stimulation: Effects of surfactant and electrolyte concentration

Acid diversion systems play an important role in increasing the efficiency of the acid stimulation process. Viscoelastic surfactant (VES) based diverting systems have many advantages that make them preferred for well acid stimulation mainly due to their exceptional rheological characteristics. In this study, the rheological behavior of a zwitterionic surfactant (erucylamidopropyl carboxybetaine) used in the acid stimulation process is investigated through the steady-state and dynamic rheological measurements. The effects of surfactant and electrolyte concentrations and electrolyte type on the VES rheology are examined. It was found that the 7.5wt% VES demonstrated the highest elastic strength in fresh water. The 22.0wt% CaCl2 brine had the highest elastic strength when investigating the effect of the electrolyte concentration. The results also reveal that divalent cation electrolytes such as MgCl2 and CaCl2 increase the solution elasticity more than monovalent cation electrolytes such as NaCl, KCl, and NH4Cl. A strong correlation between the VES, electrolyte concentration, electrolyte type, and the efficiency of acid stimulation process is established.King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals (KFUPM). Schlumberger Dhahran Centre for Carbonate Research (SDCR), Saudi Arabia.Scopu