Palynology of the Middle Jurassic (Bajocian-Bathonian) Wanaea verrucosa dinoflagellate cyst zone of the North West Shelf of Australia

Marine and terrestrial palynomorphs from the Middle Jurassic Wanaea verrucosa dinoflagellate cyst zone are documented from subsurface sections of the North West Shelf of Australia. Selected intervals in the Perseus-3A, Sunrise-2 and Sunset West-1 wells were studied in detail and record evidence of brackish to shallow marine successions in the Northern Carnarvon and Bonaparte basins. The palynological data derived from these three wells constitute the basis for the formal definition of this important dinoflagellate cyst biozone and its three constituent subzones. The base of the Lower W. verrucosa Subzone is defined by the first appearance of the index species and is a relatively sparse, low diversity microphytoplankton assemblage; species richness increases up-section. The base of the succeeding Middle W. verrucosa Subzone is defined by the range base of Valvaeodinium spinosum, and the Upper W. verrucosa Subzone is defined by the incoming of the large and distinctive species Endoscrinium kempiae. Two new species, Meiourogonyaulax straussii sp. nov. and Valvaeodinium cookii sp. nov. are described and Jansonia scarffei is reattributed as Fostericysta scarffei (Tykoezinski et al. 2001) comb. nov. Taxa with epicystal and multiplate precingular archaeopyles are prominent, particularly in the Lower W. verrucosa Subzone; this represents the coeval evolutionary explosion of the gonyaulacacean dinoflagellate cysts observed in the latest Early to Late Bajocian of Europe. Further cosmopolitan dinoflagellate cyst occurrences are compared with European ranges to assign a Late Bajocian to Early Bathonian age to the W. verrucosa Zone. The associated spore–pollen assemblages are transitional from the upper Dictyotosporites complex to the lower Contignisporites cooksoniae zones. The latter zone is defined by the first appearance of the index species, but considerable care is required to separate this species from the many intermediate forms of Striatella–Contignisporites that occur through this interval. The palynofloras are dominated by araucariacean monosaccates (particularly Callialasporites spp.), corystosperm bisaccates (mostly Alisporites spp.) and moderately diverse bryophyte–lycophyte–pteridophyte spore assemblages

Synthesis and Antimicrobial Screening of Pyrazolo-3-Aryl Quinazolin-4(3H)ones

2-thio-3-aryl quinazolin-4(3H)one (1) was synthesized by reacting anthranilic acid with thiocarbamate salts of substituted aniline and carbon disulphide, which on reflux with excess of hydrazine hydrate to form 2-hydrazino quinazolin-4(3H)one derivatives (2). The reaction of (2) with variously substituted aryl aldehydes gave the corresponding hydrazones (3). Further, the cyclization of compound (3) in acetic anhydride gave tricyclic pyrazoloquinazolinones (4). All newly synthesized compounds have been tested for their antibacterial activity against gram +ve bacteria B. substilis, S. aureus and gram –ve bacteria E. coli, P. vulgaris. The species used for antifungal activity are Aspergillus niger and Phytophora. Introduction of -OCH3, -OH and -Cl groups to the heterocyclic frame work enhanced antibacterial and antifungal activities