Propagation of wave groups over bathymetry using a variational Boussinesq model

Surface water waves propagating into shallow water are affected by the changes in the sea bed. Often, Boussinesq-type wave models are used to take these finite-depth effects into account. In Klopman et al. (2005), a variational method has been used to derive fully non-linear Boussinesq-type models from the full three-dimensional Hamiltonian structure. Th

A variational model for fully non-linear water waves of Boussinesq type

Using a variational principle and a parabolic approximation to the vertical structure of the velocity potential, the equations of motion for surface gravity waves over mildly sloping bathymetry are derived. No approximations are made concerning the non-linearity of the waves. The resulting model equations conserve mass, momentum and positive-definite energy. They are shown to have improved frequency-dispersion characteristics, as compared to classical Boussinesq-type of wave equations

Properties of lift-off structured high Tc microbridges

Microbridges and DC SQUIDs (superconducting quantum interference devices) were fabricated, using a lift-off technique, from RF sputtered YBaCuO films on MgO single-crystal substrates. Microwave measurements at 9 GHz on microbridges and the magnetic-field dependence of their critical current reveal wide bridge behaviour up to temperatures near the maximum operating temperature of the bridge. Mostly, a linear dependence of the critical current on the temperature is found, which is connected with high intrinsic 1/f noise if the bridge is constant-current-biased slightly above the critical current. In some bridges and DC SQUIDs, regimes with a temperature dependence proportional to (1-T/Tc)1.5 are found. In this case the 1/f noise level is much smaller and SQUID modulation can be followed to about 65