Composição de ácidos graxos das sementes de três genótipos de Malpighia glabra L

(Fatty acid composition of seeds of three Malpighia glabra L. genotypes (Malpighiaceae)). Malpighia glabra (acerola) is a plant native to Antilles and northern South America. Its significant commercial value is due to the high vitamin C content of the fruits. Brazil is the leading producer and the largest consumer market of M. glabra in the world. The present study determines total oil yield and fatty acid profile of seeds of three M. glabra genotypes. Total oil was extracted using n-hexane, and methyl ethers of fatty acids were analyzed by gas chromatography and mass spectroscopy. Total concentration of fixed oil in seeds varied between 63.33 ± 12.24 mg/g and 97.14 ± 31.47 mg/g dry matter. Palmitic (C 16:0), stearic (C 18:0), oleic (C 18:1) and linoleic (C 18:2) were identified. Linoleic acid was the main component in all M. glabra individuals analyzed, independently of epicarp color. Unsaturated fatty acids were more abundant than saturated fatty acids. The data obtained may be useful to foster the use of the species, since the oils in its seeds may be better employed in food industry and other applications. The economically viable use of agribusiness waste is an important means to reduce environmental impact and open new alternatives to obtain products with greater added value, with environmental and economic benefits.(Composição de ácidos graxos das sementes de três genótipos de Malpighia glabra L. (Malpighiaceae)). Malpighia glabra (acerola) é uma planta originária das Antilhas e norte da América do Sul, bastante comercializada devido ao elevado teor de vitamina C dos seus frutos. O Brasil é o maior produtor, consumidor e exportador no mundo. O presente projeto tem como objetivo determinar o rendimento dos óleos totais e o perfil de ácidos graxos em sementes de três genótipos de Malpighia glabra (acerola). Os óleos totais foram extraídos com n-hexano e os ésteres metílicos de ácidos graxos foram analisados por CG/EM. A concentração total do óleo fixo das sementes variou de 63,33 ± 12,24 mg/g a 97,14 ± 31,47 mg/g de matéria seca. Os ácidos palmítico (C16: 0), esteárico (18:0), oleico (C18: 1) e linoleico (18:2) foram identificados. Todos os indivíduos da Malpighia glabra analisados apresentaram o ácido linoleico como majoritário, independente da cor do epicarpo. Os ácidos graxos insaturados foram mais abundantes do que os ácidos graxos saturados. Essas informações podem ser úteis para expandir a comercialização dessa espécie, pois indicam que o óleo das sementes dessa espécie pode ser mais bem aproveitado na indústria de alimentos e para outros fins. A valorização dos resíduos provenientes da agroindústria é uma boa alternativa para a redução do impacto ambiental bem como para obtenção de produtos com alto valor agregado, gerando benefícios ambientais e econômicos

Peyronie's Reconstruction for Maximum Length and Girth Gain: Geometrical Principles

Peyronie's disease has been associated with penile shortening and some degree of erectile dysfunction. Surgical reconstruction should be based on giving a functional penis, that is, rectifying the penis with rigidity enough to make the sexual intercourse. The procedure should be discussed preoperatively in terms of length and girth reconstruction in order to improve patient satisfaction. The tunical reconstruction for maximum penile length and girth restoration should be based on the maximum length of the dissected neurovascular bundle possible and the application of geometrical principles to define the precise site and size of tunical incision and grafting procedure. As penile rectification and rigidity are required to achieve complete functional restoration of the penis and 20 to 54% of patients experience associated erectile dysfunction, penile straightening alone may not be enough to provide complete functional restoration. Therefore, phosphodiesterase inhibitors, self-injection, or penile prosthesis may need to be added in some cases

Does sleep deprivation and morphine influence wound healing?

The contrast between present-day sleep habits and those of the pre-industrial era are quite evident. One study recent has shown that the amount of sleep has decreased 2 h per night over the past 50 years. Such sleep curtailment, ubiquitous in the modern lifestyle, inflicts adverse repercussions upon health and well being. Investigations examining the relationship between stress and the skin have shown that different types of stress affect the healing process. Morphine is an immunosuppressive drug, and when it is used chronically, it can lead to an increased incidence of infections and a delay in the healing process. Therefore, our hypothesis is that the lack of sleep associated with chronic treatment with morphine is detrimental to the healing of the skin in the animal model we have adopted. Thus, it is important that future studies consider the paradigm of sleep curtailment when investigating the mechanisms involved in the process of skin healing in individuals who are dependent on morphine. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.Associacao Fundo de Incentivo a Pesquisa (AFIP)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Dept Psicobiol, BR-04024002 São Paulo, BrazilUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, Dept Dermatol, BR-04024002 São Paulo, BrazilUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, Dept Psicobiol, BR-04024002 São Paulo, BrazilUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, Dept Dermatol, BR-04024002 São Paulo, BrazilFAPESP: 98/14303-3Web of Scienc

Wound-healing and benzodiazepines: does sleep play a role in this relationship?

Patients who have suffered burns frequently experience psychological consequences, among which anxiety disorders are prominent. Benzodiazepines are commonly administered to treat these symptoms. The effects of benzodiazepines on healing may not be direct but rather are modulated by alterations of the sleep architecture. This hypothesis is supported by studies that demonstrate the effects of benzodiazepines on the immune system and the inflammatory profile under both normal sleep conditions and during sleep deprivation, particularly rapid eye movement sleep deprivation.Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)Associacao Fundo de Incentivo a Pesquisa (AFIP)Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Sao Paulo-FAPESP (CEPID)Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP) Departamento de PsicobiologiaUNIFESP, Depto. de Psicobiologia2011/14462-0 e 2010/14768-098/14303-3SciEL

Wound-healing and benzodiazepines: does sleep play a role in this relationship?

Patients who have suffered burns frequently experience psychological consequences, among which anxiety disorders are prominent. Benzodiazepines are commonly administered to treat these symptoms. The effects of benzodiazepines on healing may not be direct but rather are modulated by alterations of the sleep architecture. This hypothesis is supported by studies that demonstrate the effects of benzodiazepines on the immune system and the inflammatory profile under both normal sleep conditions and during sleep deprivation, particularly rapid eye movement sleep deprivation

Shear wave splitting in SE Brazil: an effect of active or fossil upper mantle flow, or both?

International audienceWe investigated the structure of the upper mantle beneath southeastern Brazil using teleseismic shear wave splitting measurements. Measurements were performed on seismic data recorded in the Ribeira and Brasilia Neoproterozoic belts, which wrap around the southern termination of the São Francisco craton and disappear westward under the Paraná basin. In the northern Ribeira belt, dominated by thrust tectonics, the fast shear wave polarization planes trend on average N080°E, whereas in the central domain, dominated by strike-slip tectonics, fast shear waves are polarized parallel to the structural trend (N065°E). Stations located above the main transcurrent fault display large delay times (> 2.5 s). Such values, among the largest in the world, require either an unusually large intrinsic anisotropy frozen within the lithosphere, or a contribution from both the lithospheric and asthenospheric mantle. Within the southern Brasilia belt, fast split shear waves are polarized parallel to the structural trend of the belt, at a high angle from the APM. Although part of our data set strongly favors an origin of anisotropy related to a fabric frozen in the lithospheric mantle since the Neoproterozoic, a contribution of the asthenospheric flow related to the present day plate motion is also required to explain the observed splitting parameters

Total wax and n-alkane profiles from fruit and leaf waxes of Malpighia glabra L.

Malpighia glabra L., conhecida popularmente como acerola, é uma espécie economicamente importante devido ao elevado nível de ácido ascórbico (vitamina C) em seus frutos. A cera cuticular afeta o armazenamento do fruto pós-colheita. No entanto, não há dados disponíveis sobre a composição das ceras nessa espécie. Teor de cera total e perfil de n-alcanos foram estudados em três genótipos diferentes de acerola. A quantidade de cera total variou de 11 µg.cm-2 a 24 µg.cm-2 nas folhas e nos frutos de 10 µg.cm-2 a 30 µg.cm-2. Dois dos três genótipos apresentaram diferenças significativas entre os teores de cera dos frutos e das folhas. O tipo A (epicarpo amarelo) apresentou a maior quantidade de cera tanto nas folhas como nos frutos. O perfil de n-alcanos nos frutos variou de C18-C34, sendo n-pentacosano (C25) o homólogo principal na maioria dos indivíduos. A cera cuticular foliar apresentou um perfil de n-alcanos com distribuição mais restrita, com os homólogos C22-C33 como componentes majoritários. Os homólogos de cadeia curta foram detectados sempre em quantidades menores do que 1%. O n-hentriacontano (C31) foi o n-alcano principal na cera foliar. Implicações econômicas e ecológicas relacionadas à quantidade das ceras cuticulares e ao perfil de n-alcanos são discutidas.Malpighia glabra L., popularly known as "acerola" or Barbados cherry, is an economically important species due the high levels of ascorbic acid (vitamin C) in its fruits. Cuticular wax affects post-harvest storage. Nevertheless, no data are available for wax composition on this species. Crude wax amount and n-alkane profiles have been evaluated for three distinct genotypes of acerola. The total amount of wax ranged from 11 µg.cm-2 to 24 µg.cm-2 on leaves and 10 µg.cm-2 to 30 µg.cm-2 on fruits. Two of the three genotypes presented statistically distinct totals for leaf and fruit-wax. Type A (yellow epicarp) presented the highest amounts of crude wax on both leaves and fruits. n-Alkanes ranged from C18 to C34 in fruits, with n-pentacosane (C25) as the main homologue of most individuals. Narrower n-alkane distribution was found in cuticular foliar wax, with C22-C33, with n-hentriacontane (C31) as the major component of most individuals. The environmental and economical aspects related to total wax amounts and n-alkane profiles are discussed herein

The frame forming the character : Shakespeare, Machado de Assis and Fernando Pessoa, disguise and masquerade poets

Orientador: Marcelo Ramos LazzarattoTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de ArtesResumo: Por intermédio de dois conceitos díspares porém complementares: o épico e o dramático ¿ desdobrados em outras duas qualidades do intérprete da cena, a interioridade e a intimidade -, a pesquisa toma como referência parte da obra de Shakespeare e de Machado de Assis para enxergar a personagem através de um esforço narrativo de moldura épica, essencialmente artificial, e, portanto, contrária às diretrizes emocionais de preenchimento dramático. Mapear a correlação entre esse mecanismo de criação literária da personagem pelo autor da obra e o exercício poético do ator em transpor ¿ e redimensionar - para o palco uma ideia inscrita no papel talvez seja, enfim, o sentido maior do presente trabalho. O texto é organizado de maneira a contemplar análises teóricas conjuntamente com reflexões de caráter pessoal acerca dos assuntos experimentados na atividade prática do teatro. Nesse sentido, Fernando Pessoa também aparece como guia do percurso investigativo, tanto no que se refere ao formato da escrita como também nas considerações do poeta português em relação ao próprio ofício solitário de escrever e produzir poesiasAbstract: Through opposing though complementary concepts, the epic and the dramatic, unraveled in two other qualities embodied by the dramatic interpreter; introspection and intimacy - this research has the works of Shakespeare and Machado de Assis as references to project the fictional character in an epic framework narrative, essentially artificial in nature and as such, contrary to the emotional guidelines that permeate the construction of the dramatic persona. The main contribution of the present research stems from the effort in mapping and correlating the mechanisms of literary creation of the fictional character by the author with the actor's poetic exercise in transposing and re-dimensioning the written idea to the stage. The thesis is organized in a way to explore theoretical analyses as well as personal reflections related to the practical experiences in theatrical performances and activities. With this in mind, the celebrated Portuguese poet Fernando Pessoa appears as an investigative resource that contributes to the writing style as much as with his reflections on the solitary nature of writing and producing poetryDoutoradoTeatro, Dança e PerformanceDoutor em Artes da Cen

EBSD-measured lattice-preferred orientations and seismic properties of eclogites

International audienceWe investigated the deformation mechanisms and the seismic properties of 10 eclogite samples from different localities (Alps, Norway, Mali and eastern China) through the analysis of their microstructures and lattice-preferred orientations (LPO). These samples are representative of various types and intensity of deformation under eclogitic metamorphic conditions. Omphacite and garnet LPO were determined from electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) technique. Garnet appears to be almost randomly oriented whereas omphacite develops strong LPO, characterized by the [001]-axes concentrated sub-parallel to the lineation, and the (010)-poles concentrated sub-perpendicular to the foliation. In order to analyze the deformation mechanisms that produced such omphacite LPO, we compare our observations to LPO simulated by viscoplastic self-consistent numerical models. A good fit to the measured LPO is obtained for models in which the dominant slip systems are 1/2h110i{11 ¯ 0}, [001] {110} and [001] (100). Dominant activation of these slip systems is in agreement with TEM studies of naturally deformed omphacite. Seismic properties of eclogite are calculated by combining the measured LPO and the single crystal elastic constants of omphacite and garnet. Although eclogite seismic anisotropies are very weak (less than 3% for both P-and S-wave), they are generally characterized by a maximum P-wave velocity sub-parallel to the lineation and by a minimum velocity approximately normal to foliation. The mean P-and S-wave velocities are high (respectively, 8.6 and 4.9 km/s). The S-wave anisotropy pattern displays complex relationships with the structural frame but the fast polarization plane generally tends to be parallel to the foliation. Calculated reflection coefficients show that an eclogite/crust interface is generally a good reflector (Rc > 0.1), whereas an eclogite body embedded in the upper mantle would be hardly detectable