Inhibitors of the ATP/ADP antiporter suppress stimulation of mitochondrial respiration and H+ permeability by palmitate and anionic detergents

AbstractThe action of ATP/ADP-antiporter inhibitors upon the uncoupling effect of palmitate, detergents and ‘classical’ uncouplers has been studied. The uncoupling effect was estimated by stimulation of succinate oxidation and of H+ permeability of rat liver mitochondria in the presence of oligomycin. It is shown that carboxyatractylate (CAtr) and pyridoxal 5-phosphate (PLP) suppress the uncoupling induced by palmitate and the anionic detergents SDS and cholate, but do not affect that induced by the cationic detergents CTAB, by the non-ionic detergent Triton X-100, as well as by the ‘classical’ uncouplers FCCP and DNP. The results are discussed in terms of a concept assuming that the ATP/ADP-antiporter facilitates the electrophoretic export of hydrophobic anions from mitochondria

Isovector soft dipole mode in 6Be

By using the 1H(6Li,6Be)n charge-exchange reaction, continuum states in 6Be were populated up to E_t=16 MeV, E_t being the 6Be energy above its three-body decay threshold. In kinematically complete measurements performed by detecting alpha+p+p coincidences, an E_t spectrum of high statistics was obtained, containing approximately ~5x10^6 events. The spectrum provides detailed correlation information about the well-known 0^+ ground state of 6Be at E_t=1.37 MeV and its 2^+ state at E_t=3.05 MeV. Moreover, a broad structure extending from 4 to 16 MeV was observed. It contains negative parity states populated by Delta L=1 angular momentum transfer without other significant contributions. This structure can be interpreted as a novel phenomenon, i.e. the isovector soft dipole mode associated with the 6Li ground state. The population of this mode in the charge-exchange reaction is a dominant phenomenon for this reaction, being responsible for about 60% of the cross section obtained in the measured energy range.Comment: 8 pages, 7 figure

Energetic particle influence on the Earth's atmosphere

This manuscript gives an up-to-date and comprehensive overview of the effects of energetic particle precipitation (EPP) onto the whole atmosphere, from the lower thermosphere/mesosphere through the stratosphere and troposphere, to the surface. The paper summarizes the different sources and energies of particles, principally galactic cosmic rays (GCRs), solar energetic particles (SEPs) and energetic electron precipitation (EEP). All the proposed mechanisms by which EPP can affect the atmosphere are discussed, including chemical changes in the upper atmosphere and lower thermosphere, chemistry-dynamics feedbacks, the global electric circuit and cloud formation. The role of energetic particles in Earth’s atmosphere is a multi-disciplinary problem that requires expertise from a range of scientific backgrounds. To assist with this synergy, summary tables are provided, which are intended to evaluate the level of current knowledge of the effects of energetic particles on processes in the entire atmosphere

Risk profiles and one-year outcomes of patients with newly diagnosed atrial fibrillation in India: Insights from the GARFIELD-AF Registry.

BACKGROUND: The Global Anticoagulant Registry in the FIELD-Atrial Fibrillation (GARFIELD-AF) is an ongoing prospective noninterventional registry, which is providing important information on the baseline characteristics, treatment patterns, and 1-year outcomes in patients with newly diagnosed non-valvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF). This report describes data from Indian patients recruited in this registry. METHODS AND RESULTS: A total of 52,014 patients with newly diagnosed AF were enrolled globally; of these, 1388 patients were recruited from 26 sites within India (2012-2016). In India, the mean age was 65.8 years at diagnosis of NVAF. Hypertension was the most prevalent risk factor for AF, present in 68.5% of patients from India and in 76.3% of patients globally (P < 0.001). Diabetes and coronary artery disease (CAD) were prevalent in 36.2% and 28.1% of patients as compared with global prevalence of 22.2% and 21.6%, respectively (P < 0.001 for both). Antiplatelet therapy was the most common antithrombotic treatment in India. With increasing stroke risk, however, patients were more likely to receive oral anticoagulant therapy [mainly vitamin K antagonist (VKA)], but average international normalized ratio (INR) was lower among Indian patients [median INR value 1.6 (interquartile range {IQR}: 1.3-2.3) versus 2.3 (IQR 1.8-2.8) (P < 0.001)]. Compared with other countries, patients from India had markedly higher rates of all-cause mortality [7.68 per 100 person-years (95% confidence interval 6.32-9.35) vs 4.34 (4.16-4.53), P < 0.0001], while rates of stroke/systemic embolism and major bleeding were lower after 1 year of follow-up. CONCLUSION: Compared to previously published registries from India, the GARFIELD-AF registry describes clinical profiles and outcomes in Indian patients with AF of a different etiology. The registry data show that compared to the rest of the world, Indian AF patients are younger in age and have more diabetes and CAD. Patients with a higher stroke risk are more likely to receive anticoagulation therapy with VKA but are underdosed compared with the global average in the GARFIELD-AF. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION-URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT01090362

Methods of learning english in modern religions

This article deals with modern methods of teaching newcomers to English, based on the author's approach to the process of knowledge and perception of information. The most effective methods of learning English are listed

ЗАМЕЩЕНИЕ ДЕФЕКТОВ СУСТАВНОГО ОТРОСТКА НИЖНЕЙ ЧЕЛЮСТИ У ДЕТЕЙ И ПОДРОСТКОВ ЭНДОПРОТЕЗОМ МЫЩЕЛКОВОГО ОТРОСТКА С ИЗМЕНЯЕМОЙ ВЫСОТОЙ ГОЛОВКИ

This paper presents a new method of endoprosthetics of the congenital and acquired defects of the TMJ in children and adolescents. The fundamental difference of the said endoprosthesis from that known in medicine is the ability to adjust the length of the mandibular condyle, both during surgery and postoperatively, using minimally invasive surgical techniques. The developed prosthesis of mandibular condyle allows correcting its length (height) with the growth of bone tissue and age of the patient, excluding the development of severe secondary facial bone deformations and the need for repeated surgery to replace the implant.Представлен новый метод эндопротезирования врожденных и приобретенных дефектов височно-нижнечелюстного сустава у детей и подростков, позволяющий в процессе роста костной ткани регулировать длину мыщелкового отростка нижней челюсти с использованием малоинвазивных хирургических приемов. Метод исключает развитие тяжелой вторичной деформации костей лицевого черепа и необходимость повторной операции по замене эндопротеза

Synthesis of the Mn(II) hexafluoroacetylacetonate adduct with 4-cyanopyridine N-oxide: Crystal structure of the complex [Mn-2(Hfa)(4)(mu-Cpo)(H2O)(2)]

The synthesis of the mixed-ligand complex [Mn(Hfa)(2)(Cpo)] (Hfa is hexafluoroacetylacetonate anion, Cpo is 4-cyanopyridine N-oxide) is described. The crystal structure of the complex [Mn-2(Ha)(4)(mu-CPO)(H2O)(2)] (I) prepared by slow crystallization of a solution of [Mn(Hfa)(2)(CPO)] in chloroform is determined by X-ray diffraction. Crystals of I are monoclinic: a = 21.88(2) Angstrom, b = 8.012(9) Angstrom, c = 22.74(2) Angstrom, beta = 92.18(7)degrees, V = 3983(6) Angstrom(3), Z = 4, space group C2/c, R = 0.094 for 1448 reflections. A molecule of I has a dimeric structure; two Mn atoms are linked by the bridging Cpo ligand. The coordination polyhedra of both metal atoms are distorted octahedra; their conventional equatorial planes are formed by four oxygen atoms of two bidentate hexafluoroacetylacetonate ligands (average Mn-O 2.142(7) Angstrom). The axial positions, of one Mn atom are occupied by the oxygen atoms of the water molecule and Cpo ligand, and the axial positions of the second Mn atom are occupied by the oxygen atom of the water molecule and the nitrogen atom of the cyano group of the Cpo ligand; Mn-O(H2O) 2.158(9) Angstrom, Mn-O,N(Cpo) 2.23(1) Angstrom. The structure contains two disordered molecules of I with opposite orientations of the Cpo ligand; their superposition, results in the appearance of the statistical inversion center and, hence, in the central symmetry of the dimer

Cyclosporin A suppression of uncoupling in liver mitochondria of ground squirrel during arousal from hibernation

AbstractEnergy coupling parameters were studied in liver mitochondria of ground squirrel during arousal from hibernation. It was found that such mitochondria become uncoupled during incubation with phosphate in a salt medium. The uncoupling was revealed by respiration rate increase and membrane potential decrease in the presence of oligomycin. Both effects were reversed by addition of cyclosporin A. Under the same in vitro conditions, mitochondria from aroused (active) animals showed no uncoupling but could be uncoupled by addition of palmitate in the cyclosporin A-sensitive fashion. It is proposed that formation of cyclosporin A-sensitive pores can be involved in urgent heat production in arousing hibernators