Feix (Marc), Schmitt (François) dir., Mgr Charles-Émile Freppel (1827-1891) d’Obernai à Angers, fils de l’Alsace et évêque français

Né à Obernai, ce fils de l’Alsace que fut Charles-Émile Freppel a fait l’essentiel de sa carrière outre-Vosges : professeur d’éloquence sacrée à la Sorbonne, évêque d’Angers, député du Finistère, fondateur de plusieurs institutions scolaires et, surtout, de l’Université catholique de l’Ouest (UCO) qui rayonne jusqu’à aujourd’hui, avec près de 12 000 étudiants sur huit campus en métropole et outre-mer. Plusieurs ouvrages, notamment ceux d’Eugène Terrien (1931-1932), de Gérard Bedel (1996) et d..

Prisonniers au château d’If et aux îles du Frioul. Alsaciens et Allemands internés à Marseille en 1914, Spieser (Jean-Louis) trad. et éd.

Depuis plusieurs années, J.-L. Spieser, enseignant à la retraite, se passionne pour les écrits d’Alsaciens dont le destin fut bouleversé par la Grande Guerre. En 2014 déjà, il avait déniché dans un grenier de Colmar un manuscrit d’Ilse Jordan, une enseignante né à Bischwiller qui choisit l’Allemagne après 1918 et enseigna à Shanghaï entre 1926 et 1931, qu’il traduisit et fit publier (C’était Shanghaï, Artisans-Voyageurs Éditeurs, 2016). Pour l’ouvrage en référence, J.-L. Spieser retrouva, réu..

Glotz (Marc), Luemschwiller 14-18. Un village du Sundgau à l’épreuve de la Grande Guerre

Parmi les nombreux ouvrages parus en Alsace à l’occasion du centenaire de la Grande Guerre, le livre de M. Glotz se distingue tout particulièrement car il aborde deux aspects originaux : la vie quotidienne d’un petit village rural situé à peine à 5 km derrière le front, et surtout l’évacuation des habitants de ce village en Bavière où il séjournèrent pendant presque deux ans (1917-1918). Ancien directeur d’école et vice-président de la Société d’histoire du Sundgau, l’auteur s’appuie sur une ..

Mémoires Frank : l’étonnant destin d’un témoignage historique de deux grands médecins liés à l’Alsace

La mémoire des migrants perdure rarement dans leur pays d’origine. C’est le cas du professeur de médecine Jean Pierre Frank, petit-fils d’un fournisseur des armées originaire d’Alsace, qui fit une brillante carrière académique dans de prestigieuses universités d’Allemagne, d’Italie et de Russie et devint célèbre au début du XIXe siècle comme pionnier de l’hygiène publique. Son fils Joseph, également médecin et universitaire, rédigea leurs mémoires qui constituent un remarquable témoignage historique sur les pratiques médicales et sur la vie sociale et culturelle en Europe pendant près d’un siècle. Strasbourg y est cité à plusieurs reprises. Rédigé en français, langue internationale par excellence à l’époque, ce volumineux manuscrit – près de 3 500 pages – n’a paradoxalement jamais été publié dans sa version originale, alors que d’importants chapitres l’ont été au XXe siècle et au début du XXIe siècle en allemand, anglais, italien, polonais, lituanien. Ce document présente pourtant un réel intérêt, notamment pour l’Alsace avec laquelle les Frank ont entretenu des liens singuliers.The memory of emigrants hardly ever survives in their native countries. This is what happened to Jean-Pierre Frank, a professor in medicine – the grandson of an official supplier of the armed forces, born in Alsace – who enjoyed a distinguished academic career in prestigious German, Italian, and Russian universities and who reached fame in the early 19th century as a pioneer in public hygiene. His son Joseph, also a doctor and an academic, drafted their memoirs, a rare historical evidence on medical practises and on social and cultural life in Europe for nearly one century. Strasbourg is mentioned on several occasions. Written in French, the international language at that time, it is a bulky manuscript of nearly 3 500 pages whose full version, paradoxically, remained unpublished so far, while major excerpts came out in the 20th and early 21st centuries in German, English, Italian, Polish and Lithuanian. This document, as a matter of fact, is of great interest, particularly concerning Alsace, a province the Franks were closely related to.Die Erinnerung an Auswanderer ist in ihrem Ursprungsland meist von kurzer Dauer. Das ist der Fall bei dem Professor für Medizin, Jean-Pierre Frank, Enkel eines aus dem Elsass stammenden Armeezulieferers, der eine brillante Karriere in den renommiertesten deutschen, italienischen und russischen Universitäten erfahren sollte und der Anfangs des 19. Jahrhunderts berühmt wurde als ein Pionier der allgemeinen Hygiene. Sein Sohn Joseph, auch er Mediziner und Dozent, schrieb ihre Memoiren, die ein bemerkenswertes historisches Zeugnis über die medizinischen Praktiken und das soziale und kulturelle Leben in Europa, über ein ganzes Jahrhundert, darstellen. Straßburg wird mehrmals erwähnt. Dieses umfangreiche Manuskript – über 3 000 Seiten – ist auf Französisch geschrieben und wurde paradoxerweise nie in seiner Originalfassung veröffentlicht. Wichtige Teile erschienen am Anfang der 20zigsten und 21zigsten Jahrhunderte auf Deutsch, Englisch, Italienisch, Polnisch, Litauisch. Dieses Werk ist jedoch von großem Interesse, besonders für das Elsass mit dem sie immer in Verbindung blieben

Belot (Robert), Bartholdi. L’homme qui inventa la liberté

Déjà coauteur avec Daniel Bermond aux éditions Perrin (2004), d’un ouvrage consacré à Auguste Bartholdi et, en 2016, d’un portrait intime de l’artiste chez ID édition, R. Belot réinvestit ici la vie et l’œuvre du plus célèbre sculpteur alsacien dans un volume de plus de 600 pages paru dans la collection « Biographies et mythes historiques » des éditions Ellipses. Le destin du créateur de deux grands symboles – mondial pour la statue de la Liberté, national pour le Lion de Belfort – a surtout ..

Differential organization of cortical inputs to striatal projection neurons of the matrix compartment in rats

In prior studies, we described the differential organization of corticostriatal and thalamostriatal inputs to the spines of direct pathway (dSPNs) and indirect pathway striatal projection neurons (iSPNs) of the matrix compartment. In the present electron microscopic (EM) analysis, we have refined understanding of the relative amounts of cortical axospinous versus axodendritic input to the two types of SPNs. Of note, we found that individual dSPNs receive about twice as many axospinous synaptic terminals from IT-type (intratelencephalically projecting) cortical neurons as they do from PT-type (pyramidal tract projecting) cortical neurons. We also found that PT-type axospinous synaptic terminals were about 1.5 times as common on individual iSPNs as IT-type axospinous synaptic terminals. Overall, a higher percentage of IT-type terminals contacted dSPN than iSPN spines, while a higher percentage of PT-type terminals contacted iSPN than dSPN spines. Notably, IT-type axospinous synaptic terminals were significantly larger on iSPN spines than on dSPN spines. By contrast to axospinous input, the axodendritic PT-type input to dSPNs was more substantial than that to iSPNs, and the axodendritic IT-type input appeared to be meager and comparable for both SPN types. The prominent axodendritic PT-type input to dSPNs may accentuate their PT-type responsiveness, and the large size of axospinous IT-type terminals on iSPNs may accentuate their IT-type responsiveness. Using transneuronal labeling with rabies virus to selectively label the cortical neurons with direct input to the dSPNs projecting to the substantia nigra pars reticulata, we found that the input predominantly arose from neurons in the upper layers of motor cortices, in which IT-type perikarya predominate. The differential cortical input to SPNs is likely to play key roles in motor control and motor learning

Report of the expert meeting on food safety for seaweed – Current status and future perspectives

The world production of marine macroalgae, or seaweed, has more than tripled since the turn of the millennium, increasing from 10.6 million tonnes in 2000 to 32.4 million tonnes in 2018. Increased cultivation and utilization of seaweed are expected to be important pillars of sustainable food security and a robust aquatic economy in the coming years. It is important, therefore, to consider the food safety implications of (increased) seaweed use for food. Many factors can affect the presence of hazards in seaweed, including: the type of seaweed, its physiology, the season in which it is produced, production waters, harvesting methods and processing. Several hazards such as heavy metals and marine biotoxins have been reported to be (potentially) associated with seaweed. However, legislation and guidance documents on the production and utilization of seaweed are generally still lacking. FAO and the World Health Organization (WHO) have therefore developed this report to identify food safety hazards (microbiological, chemical and physical) linked to the consumption of seaweed and aquatic plants. The present analysis could therefore provide a basis for undertaking further work in this area. Moreover, both FAO and WHO believe that there would be a value in developing relevant Codex guidance on this subject.publishedVersio

Report of the expert meeting on food safety for seaweed – Current status and future perspectives

The world production of marine macroalgae, or seaweed, has more than tripled since the turn of the millennium, increasing from 10.6 million tonnes in 2000 to 32.4 million tonnes in 2018. Increased cultivation and utilization of seaweed are expected to be important pillars of sustainable food security and a robust aquatic economy in the coming years. It is important, therefore, to consider the food safety implications of (increased) seaweed use for food. Many factors can affect the presence of hazards in seaweed, including: the type of seaweed, its physiology, the season in which it is produced, production waters, harvesting methods and processing. Several hazards such as heavy metals and marine biotoxins have been reported to be (potentially) associated with seaweed. However, legislation and guidance documents on the production and utilization of seaweed are generally still lacking. FAO and the World Health Organization (WHO) have therefore developed this report to identify food safety hazards (microbiological, chemical and physical) linked to the consumption of seaweed and aquatic plants. The present analysis could therefore provide a basis for undertaking further work in this area. Moreover, both FAO and WHO believe that there would be a value in developing relevant Codex guidance on this subject

Helios expression coordinates the development of a subset of striatopallidal medium spiny neurons

Here we unravel the mechanism of action of Helios (He) during the development of striatal medium spiny neurons (MSNs). He regulates the second wave of striatal neurogenesis involved in the generation of striatopallidal neurons that express dopamine 2 receptor (D2R) and enkephalin (ENK). To exert this effect He is expressed in neural progenitor cells (NPCs) retaining them into the G1/G0 phase of the cell cycle. Thus, the lack of He produces an increase of S-phase entry and S-phase length of NPCs which in turn impairs striatal neurogenesis and produces an accumulation of the number of cycling NPCs in the germinal zone (GZ) that end up dying at postnatal stages. Therefore, He-/- mice show a reduction in the number of Dorso-Medial Striatal MSNs in the adulthood that produces deficits in motor skills acquisition. In addition, overexpression of He in NPCs induce DARPP32 phenotype when transplanted in mouse striatum.Present findings demonstrate that He is involved in the correct development of a subset of striatopallidal MSNs and reveal new cellular mechanisms for neuronal development

The role impairment associated with mental disorder risk profiles in the WHO World Mental Health International College Student Initiative

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study is to assess the contribution of mental comorbidity to role impairment among college students. METHODS: Web-based self-report surveys from 14,348 first-year college students (Response Rate [RR] = 45.5%): 19 universities, eight countries of the World Mental Health International College Student Initiative. We assessed impairment (Sheehan Disability Scales and number of days out of role [DOR] in the past 30 days) and seven 12-month DSM-IV disorders. We defined six multivariate mental disorder classes using latent class analysis (LCA). We simulated population attributable risk proportions (PARPs) of impairment. RESULTS: Highest prevalence of role impairment was highest among the 1.9% of students in the LCA class with very high comorbidity and bipolar disorder (C1): 78.3% of them had severe role impairment (vs. 20.8%, total sample). Impairment was lower in two other comorbid classes (C2 and C3) and successively lower in the rest. A similar monotonic pattern was found for DOR. Both LCA classes and some mental disorders (major depression and panic, in particular) were significant predictors of role impairment. PARP analyses suggest that eliminating all mental disorders might reduce severe role impairment by 64.6% and DOR by 44.3%. CONCLUSIONS: Comorbid mental disorders account for a substantial part of role impairment in college students. © 2018 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd