Web 2.0 Incorporated Dynamic Assessments to Assess Writing Ability of Iranian EFL learners

In dynamic assessment which emphasizes the process rather than product learners are provided with corrective feedback in categorized levels On the other hand Blog is an on-line and user-value driven technology widely used in language learning This study was an attempt to investigate the effect of the Web 2 0 on writing ability of Iranian EFL learners through the process of dynamic assessment To do so twenty low advanced EFL learners were randomly selected to take part in an eight-session class in advanced writing The participants were assigned into two control and experimental groups consisting of ten members Both groups were exposed to dynamic assessment however they differed in that the dynamic assessment of the experimental group was applied online through using a blog and the dynamic assessment of the control group was based on traditional paper-and-pencil method The quantitative data were analyzed through using a paired t-test and the answers to open-ended questions extracted from distributed questionnaires among the experimental group were analyzed qualitatively The results indicated that the use of blogs not only improved the writing ability of the learners but also facilitated the procedure of their writing assessmen

An Overview of the European Court of Human Rights

Based on the European Convention on Human Rights, in 1959 the European Court of Human Rights was established in order to deal with applications against member states (High Contracting Parties) about the violation of the rights and freedoms contained in the Convention including: the right to life, the prohibition of slavery, servitude and forced labor, the right to liberty and security, the right to begin entitled to a fair trial, the right to freedom of expression, the right to respect for one’s private and family life, the right to freedom of thought, conscience and religion and so on. Subsequently, various Protocols were annexed to this Convention including the Protocol 11 of European Convention on Human Rights. Through eliminating former two-steps system consisting of European Commission of Human Rights (ECHR) and the European Court of Human Rights, the system became one-step. A fundamental revision was made in the structure and the proceedings system of the Court. In this article, along with the introduction and the consideration of the structure and the judicial procedure of the new Court, we proceed to examine the Court jurisdiction and how the decisions are made

Monetary behavior theory in long-term and turbulent conditions on the Russian Ruble

In this study, based on the monetary behavior theory, which considers the mean and standard deviation of GDP per capita besides the inflation difference between two countries, we first present a model for determining the fair value of the Russian ruble in the long run from 1999 to 2021 based on macroeconomic indicators including inflation, and GDP per capita. And then we modeled the effect of widespread Russian economic sanctions on the value of the Russian ruble during the turbulent days of February 9 to April 9. Our research results show that there is not much difference between market value and fair value in the long run. Also, by observing the behavior of the ruble during the turbulent days of February 25, 2022, to April 26, 2022, and by entering the conditional risk factor and weighted average of the ruble, the USD to ruble equality between 76.23 and 91.6 was evaluate

Performance and quality of tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) and perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) and mixtures of both species grown with or without white clover (Trifolium repens L.) under cutting management

There is increasing interest in tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) in Western Europe and elsewhere, mainly because of its better drought resistance and yield potential compared with perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.). Important drawbacks of tall fescue, compared with perennial ryegrass, are its lower digestibility and voluntary intake. Mixtures of both species might combine the advantages of each, and species interactions may eventually lead to transgressive overyielding. We compared the agronomic performance of tall fescue, perennial ryegrass and tall fescue-perennial ryegrass mixtures, as pure-grass swards or in association with white clover (Trifolium repens L.). Tall fescue-perennial ryegrass mixtures differed in the proportion and ploidy of the perennial ryegrass component. Yield, feed quality and botanical composition were measured in the 3years after the sowing year. We found significant effects of ploidy of the ryegrass variety and of the proportion of ryegrass in the initial seed mixture on the botanical composition of the swards. Nevertheless, all swards were dominated by tall fescue at the end of the experiment. No overyielding of the mixtures compared with that of single-species swards was found, but feed quality was intermediate between that of the single-species swards. Mixed swards had better drought resistance than L.perenne and higher feeding quality than F.arundinacea swards

Growth and Carcass Performance in Broiler Chickens Supplemented with β-Glucanase from Aerobic Fungi Aspergillus Niger and Trichoderma Longibrachiatum

A variety of factors can affect feed efficiency in poultry; among them is β-Glucan. β-Glucan in feeds is often poorly digest and has deleterious effects on nutrient absorption. Supplementation of diets with proper enzyme can enhance nutrient digestion and absorption. The aim of this study was β-Glucanase production from Aspergillus niger and Trichoderma longibrachiatum (GPβ-Glucanase), as well as its in vitro and in vivo assessment. Yeast biomass was produced using Zapek medium with Glucose and inoculated in Erlenmeyer flasks (repressed conditions) with above fungi. The mycelia then transferred to Erlenmeyer flasks containing Zapek medium supplemented with 2% barely β-Glucan and incubated (induction conditions), and enzyme recovered from the medium. The mean activities of GPβ-Glucanase and commercial β-Glucanase from Bacillus subtillis (ZYβ-Glucanase) were recorded as 1348±5.12 and 1251±5.31BGU1/g respectively. Chick model was used for in vivo assessment. 540 Broiler chicks were fed one of nine diets in a 3×3 factorial arrangement from 1 to 49 days of age. The factors were: enzyme addition (0, ZYβ-Glucanase and GPβ-Glucanase) and level of hull-less barley (HB) in diet (0, 40, and 60%). The results showed that supplementation of diets containing 40% HB either with commercial or produced enzyme led to significant (P<0.05) increase in weight gain and feed intake, whereas significant (P<0.05) decrease feed efficiency, however no significant differences were observed between two kinds of enzyme. Conclusion was that GPβ-Glucanase is of great potential and comparable to ZYβ-Glucanase for β-Glucan hydrolysis

Toll-Like Receptor-Based Strategies for Cancer Immunotherapy

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are expressed and play multiple functional roles in a variety of immune cell types involved in tumor immunity. There are plenty of data on the pharmacological targeting of TLR signaling using agonist molecules that boost the antitumor immune response. A recent body of research has also demonstrated promising strategies for improving the cell-based immunotherapy methods by inducing TLR signaling. These strategies include systemic administration of TLR antagonist along with immune cell transfer and also genetic engineering of the immune cells using TLR signaling components to improve the function of genetically engineered immune cells such as chimeric antigen receptor-modified T cells. Here, we explore the current status of the cancer immunotherapy approaches based on manipulation of TLR signaling to provide a perspective of the underlying rationales and potential clinical applications. Altogether, reviewed publications suggest that TLRs make a potential target for the immunotherapy of cancer

The effect of hydroalcoholic extract of olea europea L. Leaf on Blood pressure and its interaction with adrenergic system of male rats

Introduction: Hypertension is one of the most common and important disease factors imposed by the modern lifestyle, in particular by reduced physical activity and an unbalanced lipid-rich diet. One of the best methods for treatment of hypertension is the use of medical herbs that have moderate effects on blood pressure such as Olive (Olea europea L.). Therefore, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of hydroalcoholic extract of olea europea L. Leaf on blood pressure and its interaction with adrenergic system of male rats Methods: In this experimental study, 10 adult male wistar rats weighing between180-250g were used. They were divided into two groups (each group contained 5 rats) randomly: olive leaf extract group and olive leaf extract and adrenaline group. Then, each rat was anesthetized by IP injection of 1.2 g/kg urethane. After tracheostomy, the femoral vine and artery were cannulated for drug injection and blood pressure recording respectively. Arterial cannula for recording arterial blood pressure connected to a pressure transducer linked to Power lab. Blood pressure parameters (systolic, diastolic and mean arterial pressure) were recorded before and after IV administration of hydroalcoholic extract of olea europea L. leaf, solvent, adrenaline and olive leaf extract with adrenaline.The data were analyzed using SPSS software. Results: The results showed a significant decrease of systolic, diastolic and mean arterial pressures in comparison with the control and sham groups (P<0.05). Also, a significant decrease of blood pressure showed in presence of olive leaf extract and adrenaline with compare to the sham group (P<0.05). Conclusion: It can be concluded that olea europea L. leaf may suggested as a hypotensive agent. It seems that this effect is due to the inhibition of the adrenergic syste

The effect of hydroalcoholic extract of Juglans regia L. leaf on blood pressure and its interaction with adrenergic system of male rats

Background: Hypertension is one of the most common diseases in recent century with several complications. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of hydroalcoholic extract of Juglans regia L. leaves (Walnut tree) on blood pressure and its interaction with the adrenergic system in male rats. Methods: In this experimental study that established in the physiology lab, School of scinse in Shiraz University from September to October 2013, in order to determine some of hydroalcoholic extract of Juglans regia L. leaves effect on blood pressure, the present study was performed by following procedure: 10 adult male wistar rats weighing between 180-250g were used. They were divided into two groups (Each group contained 5 rats) randomly: Juglans regia L. leaf extract group and Juglans regia L. leaf extract and adrenaline group. Then each rat was anesthetized by IP injection of 1.2 g/kg urethane. After tracheostomy the femoral vine and artery were cannulated for drug injection and blood pressure recording respectively. Arterial cannula for recording arterial blood pressure connected to a pressure transducer (PowerLab, ADInstruments, Sydney, Australia). Blood pressure parameters were recorded before and after IV administration of hydroalcoholic extract of Juglans regia L. leaf, solvent, adrenalin and extract with adrenaline. Results: The result showed a significant decrease of mean arterial pressure, systolic and diastolic pressure in response to extract with compare to control and sham group (P<0.05). Also a significant decrease of blood pressure showed in presence of walnut leaf extract and adrenaline with compare to sham group (P<0.05). Conclusion: It can be concluded that hydroalcoholic extract of Juglans regia L. leaf suggested as a hypotensive agent. It seems that this effect is probably due to inhibitory effect on adrenergic system

Correlation between HbA1c Levels and Depression in Children and Adolescents with Type 1 Diabetes

Background and purpose: Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is a chronic disease with multiple long-term complications that could trigger depression. This study was performed to determine the relationship between HbA1C levels and depression in children and adolescents with T1DM. Materials and methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in all children and adolescents with T1DM attending an endocrine clinic affiliated with Amirkola Children's Hospital, Iran 2018-2019. The patients aged 7-18 years old and at least 1.5 years had passed since the onset of their diabetes. Average of three HbA1c values (every six months) were considered and depression was measured using the Marques Children Depression Inventory. Results: Out of 100 patients with T1DM based on age-appropriate HbA1c, good, poor, and severe control of diabities were seen in 22%, 74%, and 4%, respectively. The risk of of depression in patients with poor control of diabities was 1.75 times higher than those with a good control of the disease, but this was not statistically significant (P=0.29). The risk of depression in children with illness duration of more than 6 years was 3.74 times higher than that in children with less than 6 years duration of the disease (P= 0.005). Conclusion: Better management of T1DM and HbA1c levels are needed to reduce the risk of depression in these patients