The Validity Of Gibrats Law: Evidence From Manufacturing Industry In Iran: 1995-98

Using transition matrices, in this paper we have shown that Gibrat’s Law is rejected for manufacturing plants in Iran over the period 1995-98. We find that size is an important variable in the study of plant growth for manufacturing industries in Iran

Investigación del efecto de los cambios en el uso de la tierra en la erosión del suelo utilizando técnicas basadas en RS-GIS y AHP-Fuzzy (Estudio de caso: Qaresu Watersu, Ardabil, Irán)

The intensity of soil erosion to occur in a region depends on multiple factors including climatic conditions, elevation, terrain, soil type, and land use. Among these factors, land use is one of the particular importance as it reflects the outsized role of humans in the exacerbation of erosion condition. This study aimed to investigate the effects of land use changes on soil erosion in Qaresu watershed, using Remote Sensing (RS) and Geographical Information System (GIS) techniques, a watershed with an area of ​​4370.8 km2 located in the center of Ardabil province, northwest of Iran. For this purpose, the 1985 and 2015 Landsat images captured by TM and OLI-TIRS sensors were used to develop the land use maps of the watershed area using the maximum likelihood method. The erosion zoning maps were then developed by integrating the maps of land use, slope, lithology, distance from roads, distance from streams, precipitation, and soil using the Weighted Linear Combination (WLC) method after an AHP-based weighting stage. The results showed that in the 30-year period from 1985 to 2015, the region has experienced a decrease in the area of forest, dry farming, and rangeland land uses and an increase in the area of land uses defined as urban, barren, irrigated farming, and water cover. In total, dry farming and rangeland were the largest land-uses in the studied area. According to the developed erosion zoning maps, in 1985, 14.4% and 36.84%, and in 2015, 15.64% and 32.3% of the studied area belonged to high and very high risk zones in terms of erosion potential, respectively. In defined two periods, high risk and very high risk zones were mostly positioned over dry and irrigated farmlands.La intensidad de la erosión del suelo que se producirá en una región depende de múltiples factores, incluidas las condiciones climáticas, la elevación, el terreno, el tipo de suelo y el uso del suelo. Entre estos factores, el uso de la tierra es uno de particular importancia, ya que refleja el enorme papel de los seres humanos en la exacerbación de la condición de erosión. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo investigar los efectos de los cambios de uso de la tierra en la erosión del suelo en la cuenca hidrográfica de Qaresu, utilizando técnicas de Teledetección (RS) y Sistema de Información Geográfica (GIS), una cuenca hidrográfica con un área de 4370,8 km2 ubicada en el centro de la provincia de Ardabil, noroeste de Irán. Para este propósito, las imágenes Landsat de 1985 y 2015 capturadas por los sensores TM y OLI-TIRS se utilizaron para desarrollar los mapas de uso del suelo del área de la cuenca utilizando el método de máxima verosimilitud. Los mapas de zonificación de erosión se desarrollaron integrando los mapas de uso de la tierra, pendiente, litología, distancia de las carreteras, distancia de los arroyos, precipitación y suelo utilizando el método de combinación lineal ponderada (WLC) después de una etapa de ponderación basada en AHP. Los resultados mostraron que en el período de 30 años de 1985 a 2015, la región ha experimentado una disminución en el área de bosques, cultivos de secano y pastizales y un aumento en el área de usos de la tierra definidos como urbanos, estériles, irrigados. agricultura y cobertura de agua. En total, la agricultura de secano y los pastizales fueron los usos más importantes de la tierra en el área estudiada. De acuerdo con los mapas de zonificación de erosión desarrollados, en 1985, 14,4% y 36,84%, y en 2015, 15,64% y 32,3% del área estudiada pertenecía a zonas de alto y muy alto riesgo en términos de potencial erosivo, respectivamente. En dos períodos definidos, las zonas de alto riesgo y muy alto riesgo se ubicaron principalmente sobre tierras agrícolas secas y de regadío

Investigación del efecto de los cambios en el uso de la tierra en la erosión del suelo utilizando técnicas basadas en RS-GIS y AHP-Fuzzy (Estudio de caso: Qaresu Watersu, Ardabil, Irán)

La intensidad de la erosión del suelo que se producirá en una región depende de múltiples factores, incluidas las condiciones climáticas, la elevación, el terreno, el tipo de suelo y el uso del suelo. Entre estos factores, el uso de la tierra es uno de particular importancia, ya que refleja el enorme papel de los seres humanos en la exacerbación de la condición de erosión. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo investigar los efectos de los cambios de uso de la tierra en la erosión del suelo en la cuenca hidrográfica de Qaresu, utilizando técnicas de Teledetección (RS) y Sistema de Información Geográfica (GIS), una cuenca hidrográfica con un área de 4370,8 km2 ubicada en el centro de la provincia de Ardabil, noroeste de Irán. Para este propósito, las imágenes Landsat de 1985 y 2015 capturadas por los sensores TM y OLI-TIRS se utilizaron para desarrollar los mapas de uso del suelo del área de la cuenca utilizando el método de máxima verosimilitud. Los mapas de zonificación de erosión se desarrollaron integrando los mapas de uso de la tierra, pendiente, litología, distancia de las carreteras, distancia de los arroyos, precipitación y suelo utilizando el método de combinación lineal ponderada (WLC) después de una etapa de ponderación basada en AHP. Los resultados mostraron que en el período de 30 años de 1985 a 2015, la región ha experimentado una disminución en el área de bosques, cultivos de secano y pastizales y un aumento en el área de usos de la tierra definidos como urbanos, estériles, irrigados. agricultura y cobertura de agua. En total, la agricultura de secano y los pastizales fueron los usos más importantes de la tierra en el área estudiada. De acuerdo con los mapas de zonificación de erosión desarrollados, en 1985, 14,4% y 36,84%, y en 2015, 15,64% y 32,3% del área estudiada pertenecía a zonas de alto y muy alto riesgo en términos de potencial erosivo, respectivamente. En dos períodos definidos, las zonas de alto riesgo y muy alto riesgo se ubicaron principalmente sobre tierras agrícolas secas y de regadío

Investigación del efecto de los cambios en el uso de la tierra en la erosión del suelo utilizando técnicas basadas en RS-GIS y AHP-Fuzzy (Estudio de caso: Qaresu Watersu, Ardabil, Irán)

The intensity of soil erosion to occur in a region depends on multiple factors including climatic conditions, elevation, terrain, soil type, and land use. Among these factors, land use is one of the particular importance as it reflects the outsized role of humans in the exacerbation of erosion condition. This study aimed to investigate the effects of land use changes on soil erosion in Qaresu watershed, using Remote Sensing (RS) and Geographical Information System (GIS) techniques, a watershed with an area of ​​4370.8 km2 located in the center of Ardabil province, northwest of Iran. For this purpose, the 1985 and 2015 Landsat images captured by TM and OLI-TIRS sensors were used to develop the land use maps of the watershed area using the maximum likelihood method. The erosion zoning maps were then developed by integrating the maps of land use, slope, lithology, distance from roads, distance from streams, precipitation, and soil using the Weighted Linear Combination (WLC) method after an AHP-based weighting stage. The results showed that in the 30-year period from 1985 to 2015, the region has experienced a decrease in the area of forest, dry farming, and rangeland land uses and an increase in the area of land uses defined as urban, barren, irrigated farming, and water cover. In total, dry farming and rangeland were the largest land-uses in the studied area. According to the developed erosion zoning maps, in 1985, 14.4% and 36.84%, and in 2015, 15.64% and 32.3% of the studied area belonged to high and very high risk zones in terms of erosion potential, respectively. In defined two periods, high risk and very high risk zones were mostly positioned over dry and irrigated farmlands.La intensidad de la erosión del suelo que se producirá en una región depende de múltiples factores, incluidas las condiciones climáticas, la elevación, el terreno, el tipo de suelo y el uso del suelo. Entre estos factores, el uso de la tierra es uno de particular importancia, ya que refleja el enorme papel de los seres humanos en la exacerbación de la condición de erosión. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo investigar los efectos de los cambios de uso de la tierra en la erosión del suelo en la cuenca hidrográfica de Qaresu, utilizando técnicas de Teledetección (RS) y Sistema de Información Geográfica (GIS), una cuenca hidrográfica con un área de 4370,8 km2 ubicada en el centro de la provincia de Ardabil, noroeste de Irán. Para este propósito, las imágenes Landsat de 1985 y 2015 capturadas por los sensores TM y OLI-TIRS se utilizaron para desarrollar los mapas de uso del suelo del área de la cuenca utilizando el método de máxima verosimilitud. Los mapas de zonificación de erosión se desarrollaron integrando los mapas de uso de la tierra, pendiente, litología, distancia de las carreteras, distancia de los arroyos, precipitación y suelo utilizando el método de combinación lineal ponderada (WLC) después de una etapa de ponderación basada en AHP. Los resultados mostraron que en el período de 30 años de 1985 a 2015, la región ha experimentado una disminución en el área de bosques, cultivos de secano y pastizales y un aumento en el área de usos de la tierra definidos como urbanos, estériles, irrigados. agricultura y cobertura de agua. En total, la agricultura de secano y los pastizales fueron los usos más importantes de la tierra en el área estudiada. De acuerdo con los mapas de zonificación de erosión desarrollados, en 1985, 14,4% y 36,84%, y en 2015, 15,64% y 32,3% del área estudiada pertenecía a zonas de alto y muy alto riesgo en términos de potencial erosivo, respectivamente. En dos períodos definidos, las zonas de alto riesgo y muy alto riesgo se ubicaron principalmente sobre tierras agrícolas secas y de regadío

Ocular Manifestations of the Sturge–Weber Syndrome

Sturge–Weber syndrome (SWS) or encephalotrigeminal angiomatosis is a non-inherited congenital disorder characterized by neurologic, skin, and ocular abnormalities. A somatic activating mutation (R183Q) in the GNAQ gene during early embryogenesis has been recently recognized as the etiology of vascular abnormalities in SWS. Approximately, half of the patients with SWS manifest ocular involvement including glaucoma as the most common ocular abnormality followed by choroidal hemangioma (CH). The underlying pathophysiology of glaucoma in SWS has not been completely understood yet. Early onset glaucoma comprising 60% of SWS glaucoma have lower success rates after medical and surgical treatments compared with primary congenital glaucoma. Primary angle surgery is associated with modest success in the early onset SWS glaucoma while the success rate significantly decreases in late onset glaucoma. Filtration surgery is associated with a higher risk of intraoperative and postoperative choroidal effusion and suprachoroidal hemorrhage. CH is reported in 40–50% of SWS patients. The goal of treatment in patients with CH is to induce involution of the hemangioma, with reduction of subretinal and intraretinal fluid and minimal damage to the neurosensory retina. The decision for treating diffuse CHs highly depends on the patient’s visual acuity, the need for glaucoma surgery, the presence of subretinal fluid (SRF), its chronicity, and the potential for visual recovery

Adsorption of Copper from aqueous solution by chitosan using molecular imprinting technology

In nature chitosan is a plentiful polymer with high heavy metal ion uptake capacity due to chitosan’s functional groups that chelate with the positive surfaces of heavy metal ions. In this study, epichlorohydrin was used as a crosslink to prepare the copper-imprinted chitosan as a pattern to enable the selectivity property and increase adsorption capacity. The effects of the cross-linker, PH, initial concentration and time were examined in this study to identify the optimum amount of each to remove copper metal ions from waste water by imprinted chitosan. This composite was characterized by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) test to determine the existence of copper ions in chitosan crosslinked with epichlorohydrin. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) tests were also done to compare the surfaces of crosslinked chitosan and the removal of copper by imprinted chitosan. PH adsorption was tested from 3 to 7 and the initial concentration and time investigated were between 10 and 100 mg/l and 0 and 120 minutes respectively. The maximum capacity to adsorb was found to be at PH 7, initial concentration of 100mg/l at 90 minutes with 0.1 gr chitosan. Ultimately, the maximum adsorbent amount achieved for effective Cu(II) removal was 74.37 mg/g

Development of polysulfone-nanohybrid membranes using ZnO-GO composite for enhanced antifouling and antibacterial control

Zinc oxide nanoparticles were well-known for the enhanced antifouling and antibacterial properties which could be beneficial for membrane processes in desalination. The functionalization of ZnO onto graphene oxide nanoplates was targeted for better distribution. Both ZnO and ZnO-GO NPs were synthesized using sol-gel method. The nanoparticles characteristics were checked with XRD, TEM, and FESEM. The nanohybrid membranes were fabricated via wet phase inversion technique and embedded with various percentage of ZnO (1, 2, 3 wt%) and ZnO-GO (0.1, 0.3, 0.6 wt%) nanoparticles. All the membranes with nanoparticles incorporation exhibited improved membrane properties in comparison with the pristine PSF membrane. The best membrane performance was shown in membrane with 2 wt% of ZnO and 0.6 wt% of ZnO-GO. These two membranes presented significantly improved performance such as enhanced hydrophilicity, high permeability and porosity, improved humic acid rejection rate as well as good antifouling and antibacterial control. To an extent, the excellent antimicrobial ability of these nanohybrid membranes appeared as appropriate candidate to contribute or overcome bio-fouling issues in applications such as brackish water or seawater desalination. Hence, ZnO and ZnO-GO NPs were superb nanomaterials in the fabrication of PSF-nanohybrid membranes. The use of GO nanoplates allowed reduction of ZnO composition by up to 5 times while showing similar performances

Removal of cadmium (II) by graphene oxide-chitosan adsorbent from aqueous solution

Pollution has a negative influence on the environment and is necessary to eliminate from wastewater and aqueous solution. There are several adsorbents for removing the pollution, among them Graphene oxide and Chitosan are proper elements with great uptaking ability. In this investigation, graphene oxide surface was coated with chitosan paricles to remove the Cadmium (II) from aqueous solution. The impact of concentration, pH and time were studied to achieve the optimum conditions of adsorption. The adsorbent was analyzed by TEM, FT-IR, XRD, and SEM analysis. The outcomes presented that the adsorbent was prepared successfully. The concentration item was tested from 10 to 120 ppm. The pH and time items were studied from 3 to 8 value and from 5 to 140 minutes for eliminating cadmium (II) respectively. Freundlich and Langmuir's models was used and the pseudo-second-order was the best fitted kinetic model in this investigation. Conclusively, the maximum adsorption ability of the made adsorbent was achieved at 107.8 mg/g based on Langmuir isotherm

Removal of cadmium (II) from aqueous solution by graphene oxid

Heavy metal ions are one of the principal contamination source and cause of difficulties in wastewater processing that requires being eliminated before discharging into the eco-system. Adsorption of cadmium (II) from an aqueous solution by graphene oxide has been considered. Recently, graphene oxide (GO) has taken a large amount of attention because of high mechanical strength and appropriate surface area that has provided to apply as strengthened materials, various oxygen functional groups on its surface and π-electron system. In this investigation, graphene oxide was employed as an effective and proper adsorbent for separating the cadmium (II) from aqueous solution. TEM, Raman, FT-IR, and SEM tests have been used for characterizing the graphene oxide. In the adsorption process, initial concentrations of aqueous solution examined from 20 to 100 mg/l; pH and contact time were investigated from 3 to 8 and 5 to 100 minutes respectively. Adsorption isotherm obeyed Langmuir, Freundlich, and Temkin that the maximum cadmium adsorption capacity has been taken from Langmuir fitting with 135.14 mg/g. Also, the kinetic considerations explained that the adsorption manner followed the pseudo-second-order kinetic model with R2. Thermodynamic investigations and parameters show the exothermic and spontaneous of adsorption

Poly (amido amine) dendrimer based membranes for wastewater treatment - A critical review

Membrane based wastewater treatment technologies in which polymeric membranes are most commonly used have been extensively applied in water/wastewater treatment to help address the issue of water shortage through water/wastewater reclamation and reuse. However, polymeric membranes due to their hydrophobic nature are subject damage caused by accumulation of organic/inorganic fouling during filtration processes, which results in a number of issues such as low water flux and low pollutant rejection. Several strategies have been considered to address these challenges and effectively improve the membrane performances. Alteration of membrane properties strategy using suitable nanofillers such us poly (amido amine) or PAMAM has been largely studied. Herein, research efforts regarding the synthesis and properties of PAMAM along with the synthesis of PAMAM multifunctional nanocomposites were concisely reviewed for the first time. Membrane performance enhancement by incorporation of PAMAM were reviewed and discussed. Results and contributions achieved in the improvement of PAMAM incorporated membranes for the treatment of different types of wastewaters has been reviewed and summarized. Furthermore, perspectives on the current challenges and future research needs in the development and application of PAMAM incorporated polymeric membranes to benefit from the potentials that offer these promising new membrane nanofiller were discussed 2023 The Author(s)This research is made possible by graduate sponsorship research award (GSRA7-1-0510-20046) from Qatar National Research Fund (QNRF). The publication of this article was funded by Qatar National Library. The statements made herein are solely the responsibility of the authors Qatar National Library for funding the Open Access Publication.Scopu