Alpha Glukosidase Inhibitory Test and Total Phenolic Content of Ethanol Extract of Parkia Speciosa Plant

Parkia speciosa (Fabaceae),  much grow in South Sumatera. The seed of P. speciosa used as traditional medicine for  diabetes mellitus therapy. Another parts of P speciosa is suspected to have the same chemical compounds and potency as the seed. Based on phytochemical screening of leaf and rind of P speciosa have secondary metabolites as flavonoid, phenolic and terpenoid.  This research aims to know effectiveness of alpha glucosidase inhibitory effect of ethanol extract of rind, leaf and  seed of  p. speciosa and its correlation to total phenolic content of the extracts. The inhibitory activity of the alpha glucosidase enzyme was measured at l 405 nm. The result showed that there was correlation between effectiveness of inhibitory  and total phenolic content of the extract, that is the higher of  the total phenolic content will caused the greater of enzymatic inhibition of extract. The  IC50 of alpha glucosidase inhibitory effect of ethanol extract of rind, leaf and seed of P speciosa are 4,596 ppm, 54,341 ppm, dan 67,425 ppm and the total Phenolic content of the extract are 138,15 mgGAE/g, 59,25 mgGAE/g, dan 36,25 mgGAE/g respectively

Antihyperlipidemic Activity of Ethanol Extract Mindi’s Leaves (Melia azedarach Linn.) in Male Wistar Rats Induced Propiltiouracil

Mindi’s leaves (Melia azedarach Linn.) is an Indonesian medicinal plant that used as traditional medicine. Mindi leaves contains some secondary metabolites which have potency to decreased total cholesterol and LDL level. The study purposed to know antihyperlipidemic effect of ethanol extract of mindi’s leaves (Melia azedarach Linn.) seen from total cholesterol, and LDL in male albino rats. Male wistar albino rats were divided into 5 groups, negative control group (sodium CMC 0.5%), positive control group (simvastatin 0.193 mg/200 gBW), group I (ethanol extract mindi’s leaves with dosage 300 mg/200 gBW), group II (ethanol extract mindi’s leaves with dosage 600 mg/200 gBW), and group III (ethanol extract mindi’s leaves with dosage 1200 mg/200 gBW). The rats were given high-fat supplement and propylthiouracil for 15 days to increase cholesterol, and the extract was given for the next 15 days. Average cholesterol level, LDL, and body weight after induction was 90.28 mg/dL, 31.09 mg/dL, and 222.32 g. The result showed ethanol extract mindi’s leaves could decreased total cholesterol level and LDL level with % decreased in total cholesterol (%PDTC) and % decreased in LDL (%PDLDL) of group I is 37.78% and 35.57%, group II is 45.99% and 40.39%, and for group III is 56.29% and 52.42%. The result showed that ethanol extract of mindi’s leaves has antihyperlipidemic activity and significantly different from negative control (p>0.05). Based on the percentage relation of decreased total cholesterol and LDL levels to dose, then the effective dose 50 (ED50) value of ethanol extract mindi’s leave is 869 mg/200 gBW for total cholesterol and for LDL reduction level is 1086.84 mg/200 gB

Antioxidant Activity Analysis and Standardization of Parkia speciosa (Petai) Pods Ethanol Extract

Parkia speciosa (petai) pods are rarely used and considered as waste despite their phenolic and flavonoid content. Phenolic and flavonoid content in plants are known to exhibit antioxidant activity. Antioxidants are known to potentially act agains radical and mediate the damage by structural stabilization. This research was conducted to analyze the antioxidant potential of petai pods using DPPH method. Analysis showed the IC50 of petai pods ethanolic extract was 75.72 ppm, which indicate strong acting antioxidant. Standardization of extracts were determined to manage the quality of extract, including the analysis of density, water content, ash values, and quantification of total phenolic and flavonoid content. Research outcome indicate the extract retain its quality during storage and use which confrmed to standardization requirements of water content and ash values. Total phenolics and flavonoid obtained were 272.45 mg/gGAE and 243.2029 mg/gQE respectively. Based from this research, petai pods ethanolic extract present strong antioxidant activity which was contributed by high existing content of flavonoid and phenolic compounds

Effect of Dilute Acid - Alkaline Pretreatment on Rice Husk Composition and Hydrodynamic Modeling with CFD

The high cellulosic content of rice husk can be utilized as a feedstock for pulp and biofuel. Pretreatment is necessary to break the bonds in the complex lignocellulose matrices addressing the cellulose access. This work aims to utilize the rice husk using dilute acid and alkaline pretreatment experimentally and CFD modeling. The study consists of three series of research. The first stage was the dilute acid pretreatment with sulfuric acid concentration of 1% to 5% (v/v) at 85°C for 60 minutes, and alkaline pretreatment with NaOH concentration of 1% to 5% (w/v) at 85oC for 30 minutes separately. The second stage used the combination of both pretreatment. Moreover the last stage of research was hydrodynamic modeling of pretreatment process by CFD (ANSYS FLUENT 16). The experimental results showed that the lowest lignin content after acid pretreatment was about 10.74%. Alkaline pretreatment produced the lowest lignin content of 4.35%. The highest cellulose content was 66.75 % for acid-alkaline pretreatment. The lowest content of lignin was about 6.09% for acid-alkaline pretreatment. The lowest performance of alkaline pretreatment on HWS (hot water solubility) of about 7.34% can be enhanced to 9.71% by using a combination alkaline-acid. The combined pretreatments result hemicellulose of about 9.59% (alkaline-acid) and 9.27% (acid-alkaline). Modeling results showed that the mixing area had the minimum pressure of about -6250 Pa which is vortex leading minimum efficiency of mixing. The rice husk flowed upward to the upper level and mixed with reagent in the perfect mixing. &nbsp

Production Methy Ester Sulfonate (MES) Based Rubber Seeds As One Of Chemical Injection Solutions In Enhanched Oil Recovery (EOR) Process

One attempt to increase the recovery of oil from a reservoir is by injecting the surfactant. Surfactant is used for lowered tension interfaces (interfacial tension) between oil and water so able bring oil exit pores reservoir. It is a good opportunity for develop type surfactant based oil vegetable that is from oil seed rubber. As known from the chemical composition in oil seed rubber   contain olein amounted to 39.45 % wt, which is almost approaching value olein from petrochemicals based by 40.7 %. For produce suitable surfactants with characteristics required by oil industry, then do formulation with combine MES surfactant produced with ingredients additives other as appropriate to produce a capable formula for give best performance to be applied on oil industry. From the test result, the MES from the rubber seed oil obtained has fulfilled the surfactant requirement with the value from soaking % crude oil recovery value is 0,815 % - 3,91 % with the best value is 3,91 %, pH value is 7,2 -8,2, density value is 1,006  - 1,065, the compability test result, both catalyst can be used because there is no difference and show positive results that there is no precipitate and clear colored of MES surfactant and also for Interfacial Tension test result is 0.373 - 0.254 dyne/cm

Evaluating the Technical Feasibility of Retention Basins for Flood Control in Palembang City

Flood control is one of the prevention methods which involves various engineering sciences and is unique. One of structural flood control methods is retention basin with the goal of containing a certain storm event flow volume and obtaining a specific peak flow reduction. This paper’s objective is to describe how to assess the performance of retention basin physical components quantitatively on seven retention basins in Palembang City. The reference and the parameter used in this research are referred to Drainage Systems Assessment Design (Vadlon, 2011) that is based on Standard Procedure of Retention Basins and Polders Construction according to Public Works Ministry of Cipta Karya Directorate General and the Regulation of Public Work Ministry No.32/PRT/M/2007.           The result of the assessment is that there are three retention basins which are in good condition, namely Kambang Iwak Besak (63,9%), Simpang Polda (60,34%), and Kambang Iwak Kecil (56,8%); meanwhile the other four basins are in bad conditions, namely RS. Siti Khodijah (43,01%), Palembang Icon (41,93%), Kemang Manis (7,03%), and Brimob (0,94%).           Therefore, the assessment of the retention basins towards its effectiveness on flood controlling and handling priority level is done by hydraulic modeling simulations and GIS. 4.   Based on the inundation priority assessment of simulated flood depth and duration, it can be inferred that the retention basin of Kambang Iwak Besak, Kambang Iwak Kecik, Palembang Icon, RS Siti Khodijah, and Kemang Manis have low priority handling level. Meanwhile, Brimob and Simpang Polda retention basins have high priority handling level

Influence of Temperature and Particle Size on Heating Value of Biobriquette from Rubber Seed

Rubber seed as a biomass is potentially used as the source of alternative energy in briquette. Previous research had found that rubber seed briquette has the highest heating value of 6287,8 cal/g. It can be increased by varying temperature and mesh size. In this research, the effect of temperature and particle size on the amount of heat of rubber seed biobriquette from Muarakuang (Batu Raja) was investigated. It was done in Politeknik Negeri Sriwijaya Palembang laboratory. Proximate analysis was executed in Politeknik Negeri Sriwijaya Palembang coal laboratory. The temperature varied of 250 oC, 500 oC,  and 750 oC with the particle size varied by 80 mesh, 120 mesh, and 200 mesh. Quality test of fabricated biobriquette consisted of proximate analysis such as calorific value, inherent moisture, ash ratio, volatile matter ratio, and fixed carbon ratio. The highest of heating value was 6836 cal/g from biobriquette sample were found under particle size of 80 mesh and temperature of 250 oC. The heating value reached 5371 cal/g which the particle size was 200 mesh and temperature of 750 oC. The heating value of biobriquette were compared with Indonesian National Standardization (SNI), which met with the standard of heating value (5000 cal/g)

The Effect of Rice Husk Addition as Additive Materials on the Characterization of Ceramic Membrane and Their Application on Water River Treatment Process

This study aims to study how the effect of adding rice husk additives to the characteristics of ceramic membranes with various variations of membrane-forming component composition in terms of surface morphology and pore size of the membrane produced. This research is expected to be used by the community as an alternative treatment of river water into clean water. In this study, the variables studied were the composition of the membrane constituent namely clay, iron powder and rice husk  as an additives. The ceramic membrane was designed in the form of a tube, made from a mixture of clay, iron powder and rice husk with a diameter of 5 cm, an outer diameter of 6 cm, a thickness of 1 cm and a length of 25 cm. Housing membrane was made of glass fiber with an outer diameter of 9 cm, an inner diameter of 8.5 cm and a length of 30 cm. Making ceramic membranes were from clay, iron powder and rice husk with a ratio of 87.5%, 2.5%, 10%, 77.5%, 2.5%, 20% and 77.5%, 2.5%, 15%.  The river water was treated by flowing to the complete separation process. It was taken every 15 minutes, 30 minutes, 45 minutes, 60 minutes, 75 minutes, 90 minutes. Every sampling, the permeate volume was determined. Permeat events were analyzed for chemical parameters in the form of iron (Fe), Manganese (Mn) and Zinc (Zn). Based on the SEM-EDS analysis on the ceramic membrane produced shows that the membrane was classified in the microfiltration membrane group with a random and asymmetrical pore size and structure. According to the BET analysis on ceramic membranes shows that the best ceramic membrane produced in this study is C ceramic membrane with a clay composition of 87.5%; 10% of rice husk; and 2.5% of iron powder with a pore size of 2.8 μm and a large surface area of ​​45.38 m2/g. The difference in pressure of 2 bars gives the best results in reducing levels of contaminant compounds contained in river water with a percentage of Fe reduction of 92.18%, Mn of 89.23%,  and Zn of 99.80%