Knowledge of Brazilian Dentists about Dentoalveolar Trauma Care and their Experiences during the COVID-19 Pandemic

Objective: To assess dentists\u27 knowledge from Minas Gerais, Brazil, about dentoalveolar trauma (DT) and their experiences during the COVID-19 pandemic. Material and Methods: An online questionnaire with 34 questions was applied to collect personal data, professional training, self-assessment of experience/knowledge about DT, experience in care provided during the social distancing, and knowledge/conduct. The specific responses were evaluated based on the guidelines of the International Association of Dental Traumatology (IADT). Descriptive analysis and Pearson\u27s chi-square test were performed. The level of significance was set at p≤0.05. Results: Most professionals (97.7%) had received information on DT, and only 4.6% of the participants considered their knowledge poor or very poor. However, 92.7% felt the need for more information on the subject. Regarding experiences during the pandemic, 55.7% provided trauma care during that period. Forty percent of the consultations were performed in person, and 33.3% of the professionals noted an increase in cases during the pandemic; 56.6% reported that the frequency did not change. The overall mean number of correct answers about DT was 5.29±2.11, indicating an acceptable level of knowledge. The mean percentage of hits for the specific questions was 44.1%. Conclusion: Although the level of knowledge of the dentists evaluated was acceptable, some aspects were deficient, with the need for more information about the IADT guidelines

Knowledge of Brazilian Dentists about Dentoalveolar Trauma Care and their Experiences during the COVID-19 Pandemic

Objective: To assess dentists' knowledge from Minas Gerais, Brazil, about dentoalveolar trauma (DT) and their experiences during the COVID-19 pandemic. Material and Methods: An online questionnaire with 34 questions was applied to collect personal data, professional training, self-assessment of experience/knowledge about DT, experience in care provided during the social distancing, and knowledge/conduct. The specific responses were evaluated based on the guidelines of the International Association of Dental Traumatology (IADT). Descriptive analysis and Pearson's chi-square test were performed. The level of significance was set at p≤0.05. Results: Most professionals (97.7%) had received information on DT, and only 4.6% of the participants considered their knowledge poor or very poor. However, 92.7% felt the need for more information on the subject. Regarding experiences during the pandemic, 55.7% provided trauma care during that period. Forty percent of the consultations were performed in person, and 33.3% of the professionals noted an increase in cases during the pandemic; 56.6% reported that the frequency did not change. The overall mean number of correct answers about DT was 5.29±2.11, indicating an acceptable level of knowledge. The mean percentage of hits for the specific questions was 44.1%. Conclusion: Although the level of knowledge of the dentists evaluated was acceptable, some aspects were deficient, with the need for more information about the IADT guidelines

Velocidade sistólica máxima e índice de resistência de artérias fetais durante a segunda metade da gestação

OBJETIVO: avaliar a velocidade sistólica máxima (VSM) e o índice de resistência (IR) nas artérias fetais cerebral média (ACM), aorta supra-renal (ASR), aorta infra-renal (AIR) e artéria umbilical (AU), entre a 22ª e a 38ª semana de gestação. MÉTODOS: estudo prospectivo no qual foram avaliados os parâmetros de 33 fetos normais na 22ª, 26ª, 30ª, 34ª e 38ª semana de gestação. Foram incluídas gestações únicas, sem doenças e complicações e as que concordaram em participar do estudo. Os critérios de exclusão foram malformações fetais, descontinuidade do seguimento aos exames e mães usuárias de fumo, álcool e drogas ilícitas. Os exames ultra-sonográficos foram realizados por único observador. Para a aquisição do traçado dopplervelocimétrico na ACM, ASR, AIR e AU, o volume de amostra foi de 1 a 2 mm, colocado no centro das artérias. O ângulo de insonação foi de 5º a 19º, na ACM, inferior a 45º na ASR e AIR e inferior a 60ºna AU. Utilizamos filtro de parede de 50-100 Hz. O cálculo dos parâmetros foi realizado automaticamente, com a imagem congelada, tendo sido acionadas três medidas. O resultado final foi obtido pela média aritmética dos três valores. A análise estatística foi realizada pela análise de variância (ANOVA), teste post hoc de Bonferroni, coeficiente de correlação de Pearson e análise de regressão. O nível de significância foi p<0,05 em todas as análises. RESULTADOS: a VSM aumentou de 26,3 para 57,7 cm/s na ACM, entre a 22ª e a 38ª semana de gestação (p<0,05). Na ASR e na AIR, a VSM aumentou, entre a 22ª e a 34ª semana de gestação, de 74,6 e 59,0 cm/s para 106,0 e 86,6 cm/s, respectivamente (p<0,05). Na AU, a VSM aumentou entre a 22ª e a 34ª semana de gestação, porém diminuiu de 55,5 para 46,2 cm/s entre a 34ª e a 38ª semana de gestação. O IR, na ACM, foi menor na 22ª (0,81) e 38ª semana de gestação (0,75) e maior (0,85) na 26ª semana (p<0,05). Na ASR, os valores do IR foram estáveis em todas as semanas e na maioria delas na AIR (p>0,05). Na AU, o IR diminuiu de 0,69 para 0,56, entre a 22ª e a 38ªsemana gestacional (p<0,05). CONCLUSÃO: em fetos normais, na segunda metade da gestação, a VSM aumenta na ACM, ASR e AIR, diminuindo na AU entre a 34ª e a 38ª semana de gestação. O IR é menor na 22ª e 38ª semana de gestação na ACM, diminui entre a 22ª e a 38ª semana na AU e é constante na maioria das semanas gestacionais na ASR e AIR

Efeito do retorno de lodo aeróbio sobre as características da biomassa presente em reatores UASB tratando esgoto sanitário Effect of aerobic sludge return on the characteristics of anaerobic biomass present in UASB reactors treating domestic sewage

O presente trabalho buscou avaliar a influência do retorno do lodo produzido em filtros biológicos percoladores (FBP) sobre as características da biomassa em reatores UASB utilizados para o tratamento de esgoto sanitário. Os experimentos foram conduzidos em reatores em escala piloto e em escala de demonstração, sendo que os reatores UASB foram operados com e sem retorno do lodo produzido nos FBP. Os resultados obtidos indicaram uma diminuição no diâmetro das partículas de lodo, durante as fases com retorno de lodo, mas apenas para as amostras de lodo tomadas nos pontos mais altos dos reatores anaeróbios. A estabilidade e a atividade metanogênica específica do lodo anaeróbio praticamente não se modificaram com o retorno de lodo. Conforme esperado, a produção específica de lodo anaeróbio aumentou com o retorno de lodo.<br>This work aimed at evaluating the influence of the return of excess aerobic sludge produced in trickling filters (TF) upon the biomass characteristics in UASB reactors used for the treatment of domestic sewage. The experiments were carried out in pilot and demonstration-scale reactors, with the UASB reactors being operated with and without the return of sludge produced in the TF. Smaller sludge particle sizes were observed when the aerobic sludge was returned to the UASB reactor, but only for sludge samples collected in the upper parts of the anaerobic reactors. Sludge stability and specific methanogenic activity were not affected by the return of sludge. As expected, the specific anaerobic sludge production increased with the return of sludge

Evaluation of Bacterial Biofilm Removal Properties of MEDSTER 2000 Cold Sterilant on Different Materials

We studied the antibacterial and anti-biofilm properties of MEDSTER 2000, a pH neutral biodegradable mixed acidic peroxide disinfectant belonging to the class IIb medical device which has been designed for decontamination and cold sterilization of hospital instruments. The broth microdilution method was used to define the antibacterial activity against planktonic form of both classified bacteria and antibiotic resistant strains of clinical source, whereas effectiveness toward their biofilm was determined on mature biofilm, grown both on plastic and stainless steel surfaces. The results showed that for the planktonic form the antibacterial activity of MEDSTER 2000 was already observed after 10&nbsp;min at the lowest concentration (0.1%), and this effect was not exposure-and/or concentration-dependent. After the same time of exposure at the concentration of 2% the disinfectant was able to completely eradicate all tested bacteria grown in sessile form on both surfaces, with a greater than 6 log CFU/cm2 reduction in viable cells. This result is supported by the microscope observation by crystal violet and live/dead assays. For the high antibacterial and anti-biofilm ability emerged, MEDSTER 2000 could represent a new and more effective approach for semicritical devices that need a high-level disinfection and could not sustain the process of heat sterilization