BMI and low bone mass in an elderly male nursing home population

Little is known about osteoporosis in institutionalized older adults. Risk factors such as low body mass index (BMI) have been investigated in female populations, but remain understudied in men. The objective of this study was to examine characteristics of older men residing in a nursing home who received bone mineral density evaluations. 57 male Miami Veterans Affairs Medical Center (VAMC) nursing home residents were screened for osteoporosis using a peripheral dual X-ray (pDXA) technique. T-scores were categorized into three groups: normal (0 > -1); osteopenic (-1 to -2.49); osteoporotic (< -2.5). Average age was 76.2 years (standard deviation = 11.5; range: 48-100). T-scores indicated that 37.3% of the population was normal, 35.6% osteopenic, and 27.1% osteoporotic. 35.6% of patients had normal BMIs, 3.4% were underweight, 47.5% were overweight, and 13.6% were considered obese. There was a high prevalence of overweight and obese individuals (61.1%) in the osteopenic and osteoporotic groups. As expected, there was a high prevalence of low bone mass in our population (62%). However, overweight and obese men were more likely to have osteoporosis and osteopenia, contrary to literature and clinical knowledge. This finding may be partially explained by the prevalence of sedentary lifestyle and relative lack of weight-bearing activity in this group of men

Detection of anomalies in software architecture with connectors

AbstractThis paper describes an approach to detecting anomalies in a software architectural style that is structured with components and connectors between the components. Each component is designed with tasks (concurrent or active objects), connectors between tasks, and passive objects accessed by tasks. Anomalies in the software architecture are detected twofold by each Component Monitor, which supervises objects in a component, and by a System Monitor, which monitors message communications between components. The monitors encapsulate the specifications of objects being monitored, which are represented using statecharts. The execution of statecharts in the monitors depends on notification messages from connectors between tasks, passive objects accessed by tasks in a component, and connectors between components

Interfase patológica por fricción metal-metal y metal-polietileno: diferencias microscópicas

—Las partículas de polietileno han sido reconocidas como responsables de los aflojamientos asépticos y la osteólisis en las artroplastias totales de cadera. Algunos autores han vuelto a proponer la fricción metal-metal inentando mejorar los resultados. Aportamos 2 casos de revisión quirúrgica por aflojamiento aséptico, 1 prótesis de McKee y 1 doble cúpula de Freeman, ambas cementadas y aflojadas, que cursaron con osteólisis. Hemos estudiado la reacción tisular de la interfase del cotilo protésico y presentamos las diferencias histológicas entre el primer caso de fricción metal-metal y el segundo de fricción metal-polietileno, encontrando mayor presencia de histiocitos y células gigantes multinucleadas en el caso de fricción metal-polietileno.Polyethylene wear debris have been implicated as a major cause of aseptic loosening and osteolysis in total hip arthroplasty. Some authors propose metal-metal friction intending to improve the results. We report two cases of revision surgery, due to aseptic loosening: one McKee prothesis and a Freeman double cupule, both cemented and loose, failing with osteolysis. We have studied the tissue reaction of the interface socket and the histological differences between the first case of metal-metal friction and the second case of metal-polyethylene friction. We found more histiocytes and multinucleated giant cells in metal-polyethylene friction case

Relación entre estrategias de afrontamiento y el trastorno de estrés postraumático en personas del sector justicia de Guatemala

Se buscó la relación entre estrategias de afrontamiento a problemas que se dan en la atención a víctimas de delitos y la prevalencia puntual del transtorno de estrés postraumático (TEPT) en profesionales de una institución del sector justicia de Guatemala. También se usa la escala de estrés traumático secundario (STSS) y se confirmó mediante el análisis de las respuestas que brindaron los evaluados a una pregunta adicional sobre sucesos traumáticos. Se obtuvo una prevalencia puntual TEPT de 15%. Se determinó el inventario de estrategias de afrontamiento (CSI). Los resultados indican que, para el rango de alta frecuencia, el 17% de la población tuvo apoyo social, 4% presentó autocrítica, 6% manifestó evitación de problemas, 7% presentó expresión emocional, 18% tuvo pensamiento desiderativo, 24% tuvo en alto grado reestructuración cognitiva, 67% presentó resolución de problemas y 5% tuvo retirada social. Mediante una razón de probabilidad de 1.7 con intervalo de confianza de 95% [.87, 3.39] (p &amp;lt; .001), para el pensamiento desiderativo y 2.5 para la retirada social [.84, 7.33] (p &amp;lt; .001), se encontró que, afrontar problemas relacionados a la atención a víctimas con pensamiento desiderativo y retirada social con alta frecuencia está asociado a un mayor riesgo de padecimiento de TEPT. Estos hallazgos favorecen el fomento de estrategias de afrontamiento adecuadas para las problemáticas que se encuentran al atender víctimas de delitos desde una perspectiva profesional

Exploring the potential of conventional and flash pyrolysis methods for the valorisation of grape seed and chestnut shell biomass from agri-food industry waste

Producción CientíficaResidual biomass is a valuable and growing by-product, but often underutilized. This research aims to investigate the possible strategies for the energetic valorisation of agri-food industry wastes: grape seed and chestnut shell. Pyrolysis thermal process was the selected for this work. Applied to biomass, pyrolysis is a promising method for the simultaneous production of biochar, bio-oil, and gas. Two different pyrolysis processes were conducted: conventional pyrolysis at 750 °C and flash pyrolysis at 750 °C and 850 °C. Flash pyrolysis yielded superior product properties compared to conventional pyrolysis. The gas obtained through flash pyrolysis presented a four-fold higher high heating value due to increased CH4 and H2 content. Bio-oil contains over 90% of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and calorific value reached up to 32 MJ kg−1 for grape seed, which is 7% more than bioethanol HHV. Biochar can be used both as fuel or as activated carbon precursor due to its high carbon content (91%). Calorific value of chestnut shell biochar (32.7 MJ kg−1), comparable to mineral coals, increased by 72% with respect to the value of this untreated raw material. This work approved the potential of flash pyrolysis as a method to process biomass wastes in a renewable energy scenario.FICYT - Fundación Fomento Asturias Investigación - FEDER (AYUD/2021/51379)Agencia Española de Investigación (PDC2022-133394-I00 y PID2021-124347OB-I00

Marked long-term decline in ambient CO mixing ratio in SE England, 1997–2014:Evidence of policy success in improving air quality

Atmospheric CO at Egham in SE England has shown a marked and progressive decline since 1997, following adoption of strict controls on emissions. The Egham site is uniquely positioned to allow both assessment and comparison of ‘clean Atlantic background’ air and CO-enriched air downwind from the London conurbation. The decline is strongest (approximately 50ppb per year) in the 1997–2003 period but continues post 2003. A ‘local CO increment’ can be identified as the residual after subtraction of contemporary background Atlantic CO mixing ratios from measured values at Egham. This increment, which is primarily from regional sources (during anticyclonic or northerly winds) or from the European continent (with easterly air mass origins), has significant seasonality, but overall has declined steadily since 1997. On many days of the year CO measured at Egham is now not far above Atlantic background levels measured at Mace Head (Ireland). The results are consistent with MOPITT satellite observations and ‘bottom-up’ inventory results. Comparison with urban and regional background CO mixing ratios in Hong Kong demonstrates the importance of regional, as opposed to local reduction of CO emission. The Egham record implies that controls on emissions subsequent to legislation have been extremely successful in the UK

Role of Large Cabbage White butterfly male-derived compounds in elicitation of direct and indirect egg-killing defenses in the black mustard

To successfully exert defenses against herbivores and pathogens plants need to recognize reliable cues produced by their attackers. Up to now, few elicitors associated with herbivorous insects have been identified. We have previously shown that accessory reproductive gland secretions associated with eggs of Cabbage White butterflies (Pieris spp.) induce chemical changes in Brussels sprouts plants recruiting egg-killing parasitoids. Only secretions of mated female butterflies contain minute amounts of male-derived anti-aphrodisiac compounds that elicit this indirect plant defense. Here, we used the black mustard (Brassica nigra) to investigate how eggs of the Large Cabbage White butterfly (Pieris brassicae) induce, either an egg-killing direct [i.e., hypersensitive response (HR)-like necrosis] or indirect defense (i.e., oviposition-induced plant volatiles attracting Trichogramma egg parasitoids). Plants induced by P. brassicae egg-associated secretions expressed both traits and previous mating enhanced elicitation. Treatment with the anti-aphrodisiac compound of P. brassicae, benzyl cyanide (BC), induced stronger HR when compared to controls. Expression of the salicylic (SA) pathway- and HR-marker PATHOGENESIS-RELATED GENE1 was induced only in plants showing an HR-like necrosis. Trichogramma wasps were attracted to volatiles induced by secretion of mated P. brassicae females but application of BC did not elicit the parasitoid-attracting volatiles. We conclude that egg-associated secretions of Pieris butterflies contain specific elicitors of the different plant defense traits against eggs in Brassica plants. While in Brussels sprouts plants anti- aphrodisiac compounds in Pieris egg-associated secretions were clearly shown to elicit indirect defense, the wild relative B. nigra, recognizes different herbivore cues that mediate the defensive responses. These results add another level of specificity to the mechanisms by which plants recognize their attackers

DISTRIBUCIÓN DEL COYOTE (CANIS LATRANS) EN EL CONTINENTE AMERICANO

This article provides a historical overview of how the expansion has occurred in the distribution of the coyote (Canis latrans), an opportunistic and generalist species that has been favored by undergone changes in their habitat, such as the reduction of their predators populations. This canine is stigmatized by humans as a predator of livestock and species of interest to hunters, so is being persecuted and hunted, without considering that plays important roles in the ecosystem. Some actions for control and management, and environmental awareness, may be important for the conservation of coyote and other wildlife species.Canid; Mammals; Expansion of distribution; MexicoEn este artículo se proporciona una sinopsis histórica acerca de cómo ha ocurrido la expansión en la distribución del coyote (Canis latrans), una especie oportunista y generalista que ha sido favorecida por los cambios sufridos en su hábitat, al disminuir las poblaciones de sus depredadores. Este cánido se encuentra estigmatizado por los humanos como un depredador de ganado y de especies de interés para los cazadores, por lo que está siendo perseguido y cazado, sin considerar que cumple importantes funciones dentro del ecosistema. Acciones de control y manejo, así como la concientización ambiental, pueden ser importantes para la conservación del coyote y de otras especies de fauna silvestre.Cánido; Mamífero; Ampliación de distribución; Méxic

EFECTO DE DIFERENTES SISTEMAS DE ALIMENTACIÓN SOBRE EL RENDIMIENTO Y CORTES DE LA RES EN NOVILLOS

El estudio fue realizado con el objetivo de determinar el rendimiento de la res en bovinos de carne, el corte de sus partes y músculos como el peceto (Semitendinosus) y el lomito (Psoas major) en animales mantenidos en confinamiento y pastoreo más suplementación. Fueron utilizados 36 cabezas, provenientes de los distintos sistemas de terminación, 18 para cada tratamiento. La terminación de los animales fue determinada por medio del espesor de la grasa subcutánea medido por ultrasonido a nivel de la 12ª costilla. El tratamiento 1, consistió en animales provenientes de un sistema de alimentación en confinamiento, alimentados a base de ensilado de maíz, grano de maíz, sojilla, sal mineral y heno de Colonial; el tratamiento 2, estuvo formado por animales provenientes de un sistema de pastoreo rotativo intensivo, sobre una pastura de Panicum maximum cv. Mombaza, con una suplementación invernal de sojilla y maíz. Los datos obtenidos fueron sometidos a análisis de varianza al 5 % y las medias se compararon a través de la prueba "T". Además, se realizaron análisis de correlación entre los parámetros estudiados. Resultando que entre ambos tratamientos no se encontraron diferencias en el peso de salida y peso de faena, mientras que en el desbaste existió diferencia superior a favor del confinamiento. El rendimiento de la res como porcentaje del peso vivo sin desbaste fue estadísticamente superior en el pastoreo más suplementación, mientras que en el peso de la res y como porcentaje del peso vivo con desbaste no arrojaron diferencias. En cuanto a los cortes de la res como el delantero en peso y como porcentaje del peso vivo sin desbaste fueron superiores en el pastoreo más suplementación. Mientas que el confinamiento resultó superior el costillar como porcentaje del peso vivo con desbaste, no se encontró diferencia en los otros parámetros evaluados. Los cortes de músculo no presentaron diferencias estadísticas en ambos tratamientos