5,503 research outputs found
The Isolated Mechanical Effect of Walking in Late Pregnancy May Contribute to The Risk for Knee Osteoarthritis Over the Lifetime
Billion-atom Synchronous Parallel Kinetic Monte Carlo Simulations of Critical 3D Ising Systems
An extension of the synchronous parallel kinetic Monte Carlo (pkMC) algorithm
developed by Martinez {\it et al} [{\it J.\ Comp.\ Phys.} {\bf 227} (2008)
3804] to discrete lattices is presented. The method solves the master equation
synchronously by recourse to null events that keep all processors time clocks
current in a global sense. Boundary conflicts are rigorously solved by adopting
a chessboard decomposition into non-interacting sublattices. We find that the
bias introduced by the spatial correlations attendant to the sublattice
decomposition is within the standard deviation of the serial method, which
confirms the statistical validity of the method. We have assessed the parallel
efficiency of the method and find that our algorithm scales consistently with
problem size and sublattice partition. We apply the method to the calculation
of scale-dependent critical exponents in billion-atom 3D Ising systems, with
very good agreement with state-of-the-art multispin simulations
Electronic states and nature of bonding in the molecule YC by all electron ab initio multiconfiguration self-consistent-field calculations and mass spectrometric equilibrium experiments
Superconductivity Near Ferromagnetism in MgCNi3
An unusual quasi-two-dimensional heavy band mass van Hove singularity (vHs)
lies very near the Fermi energy in MgCNi3, recently reported to superconduct at
8.5 K. This compound is strongly exchange enhanced and is unstable to
ferromagnetism upon hole doping with 12% Mg --> Na or Li. The 1/4-depleted fcc
(frustrated) Ni sublattice and lack of Fermi surface nesting argues against
competing antiferromagnetic and charge density wave instabilities. We identify
an essentially infinite mass along the M-Gamma line, leading to
quasi-two-dimensionality of this vHs may promote unconventional p-wave pairing
that could coexist with superconductivity.Comment: 4 two-column pages, 4 figure
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Buckling-induced encapsulation of structured elastic shells under pressure
We introduce a class of continuum shell structures, the Buckliball, which undergoes a structural transformation induced by buckling under pressure loading. The geometry of the Buckliball comprises a spherical shell patterned with a regular array of circular voids. In order for the pattern transformation to be induced by buckling, the possible number and arrangement of these voids are found to be restricted to five specific configurations. Below a critical internal pressure, the narrow ligaments between the voids buckle, leading to a cooperative buckling cascade of the skeleton of the ball. This ligament buckling leads to closure of the voids and a reduction of the total volume of the shell by up to 54%, while remaining spherical, thereby opening the possibility of encapsulation. We use a combination of precision desktop-scale experiments, finite element simulations, and scaling analyses to explore the underlying mechanics of these foldable structures, finding excellent qualitative and quantitative agreement. Given that this folding mechanism is induced by a mechanical instability, our Buckliball opens the possibility for reversible encapsulation, over a wide range of length scales.Engineering and Applied Science
Decoherence window and electron-nuclear cross-relaxation in the molecular magnet V 15
Rabi oscillations in the V_15 Single Molecule Magnet (SMM) embedded in the
surfactant DODA have been studied at different microwave powers. An intense
damping peak is observed when the Rabi frequency Omega_R falls in the vicinity
of the Larmor frequency of protons w_N, while the damping time t_R of
oscillations reaches values 10 times shorter than the phase coherence time t_2
measured at the same temperature. The experiments are interpreted by the N-spin
model showing that t_R is directly associated with the decoherence via
electronic/nuclear spin cross-relaxation in the rotating reference frame. It is
shown that this decoherence is accompanied with energy dissipation in the range
of the Rabi frequencies w_N - sigma_e < Omega_R < w_N, where sigma_e is the
mean super-hyperfine field (in frequency units) induced by protons at SMMs.
Weaker damping without dissipation takes place outside this dissipation window.
Simple local field estimations suggest that this rapid cross-relaxation in
resonant microwave field observed for the first time in SMMV_15 should take
place in other SMMs like Fe_8 and Mn_12 containing protons, too
Intercontinental transport of pollution manifested in the variability and seasonal trend of springtime O3 at northern middle and high latitudes
Observations (0–8 km) from the Tropospheric Ozone Production about the Spring Equinox (TOPSE) experiment are analyzed to examine air masses contributing to the observed variability of springtime O3 and its seasonal increase at 40°–85°N over North America. Factor analysis using the positive matrix factorization and principal component analysis methods is applied to the data set with 14 chemical tracers (O3, NOy, PAN, CO, CH4, C2H2, C3H8, CH3Cl, CH3Br, C2Cl4, CFC-11, HCFC-141B, Halon-1211, and 7Be) and one dynamic tracer (potential temperature). Our analysis results are biased by the measurements at 5–8 km (70% of the data) due to the availability of 7Be measurements. The identified tracer characteristics for seven factors are generally consistent with the geographical origins derived from their 10 day back trajectories. Stratospherically influenced air accounts for 14 ppbv (35–40%) of the observed O3 variability for data with O3concentrations \u3c100 ppbv at middle and high latitudes. It accounts for about 2.5 ppbv/month (40%) of the seasonal O3 trend at midlatitudes but for only 0.8 ppbv/month (\u3c20%) at high latitudes, likely reflecting more vigorous midlatitude dynamical systems in spring. At midlatitudes, reactive nitrogen-rich air masses transported through Asia are much more significant (11 ppbv in variability and 3.5 ppbv/month in trend) than other tropospheric contributors. At high latitudes the O3 variability is significantly influenced by air masses transported from lower latitudes (11 ppbv), which are poor in reactive nitrogen. The O3 trend, in contrast, is largely defined by air masses rich in reactive nitrogen transported through Asia and Europe across the Pacific or the Arctic (3 ppbv/month). The influence from the stratospheric source is more apparent at 6–8 km, while the effect of O3 production and transport within the troposphere is more apparent at lower altitudes. The overall effect of tropospheric photochemical production, through long-range transport, on the observed O3 variability and its seasonal trend is more important at high latitudes relative to more photochemically active midlatitudes
Experimental and theoretical investigation of phosphorus in-situ doping of germanium epitaxial layers
Cataloged from PDF version of article.We investigate phosphorus in-situ doping characteristics in germanium (Ge) during epitaxial growth by spreading resistance profiling analysis. In addition, we present an accurate model for the kinetics of the diffusion in the in-situ process, modeling combined growth and diffusion events. The activation energy and pre-exponential factor for phosphorus (P) diffusion are determined to be 1.91 eV and 3.75 x 10(-5) cm(2)/s. These results show that P in-situ doping diffusivity is low enough to form shallow junctions for high performance Ge devices. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserve
Photoemission and x-ray absorption study of MgC_(1-x)Ni_3
We investigated electronic structure of MgC_(1-x)Ni_3 with photoemission and
x-ray absorption spectroscopy. Both results show that overall band structure is
in reasonable agreement with band structure calculations including the
existence of von Hove singularity (vHs)near E_F. However, we find that the
sharp vHs peak theoretically predicted near the E_F is substantially
suppressed. As for the Ni core level and absorption spectrum, there exist the
satellites of Ni 2p which have a little larger energy separation and reduced
intensity compared to the case of Ni-metal. These facts indicate that
correlation effects among Ni 3d electrons may be important to understand
various physical properties.Comment: 12 pages, 4 figure
Effect of Randomness on Quantum Data Buses of Heisenberg Spin Chains
A strongly coupled spin chain can mediate long-distance effective couplings
or entanglement between remote qubits, and can be used as a quantum data bus.
We study how the fidelity of a spin-1/2 Heisenberg chain as a spin bus is
affected by static random exchange couplings and magnetic fields. We find that,
while non-uniform exchange couplings preserve the isotropy of the qubit
effective couplings, they cause the energy levels, the eigenstates, and the
magnitude of the couplings to vary locally. On the other hand, random local
magnetic fields lead to an avoided level crossing for the bus ground state
manifold, and cause the effective qubit couplings to be anisotropic.
Interestingly, the total magnetic moment of the ground state of an odd-size bus
may not be parallel to the average magnetic field. Its alignment depends on
both the direction of the average field and the field distribution, in contrast
with the ground state of a single spin which always aligns with the applied
magnetic field to minimize the Zeeman energy. Lastly, we calculate
sensitivities of the spin bus to such local variations, which are potentially
useful for evaluating decoherence when dynamical fluctuations in the exchange
coupling or magnetic field are considered
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