Response to Comment on “Estimating the reproducibility of psychological science”

Gilbert et al. conclude that evidence from the Open Science Collaboration's Reproducibility Project: Psychology indicates high reproducibility, given the study methodology. Their very optimistic assessment is limited by statistical misconceptions and by causal inferences from selectively interpreted, correlational data. Using the Reproducibility Project: Psychology data, both optimistic and pessimistic conclusions about reproducibility are possible, and neither are yet warranted.status: publishe

Physicochemical and biological characterization of 1E10 Anti-Idiotype vaccine

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>1E10 monoclonal antibody is a murine anti-idiotypic antibody that mimics N-glycolyl-GM3 gangliosides. This antibody has been tested as an anti-idiotypic cancer vaccine, adjuvated in Al(OH)₃, in several clinical trials for melanoma, breast, and lung cancer. During early clinical development this mAb was obtained <it>in vivo </it>from mice ascites fluid. Currently, the production process of 1E10 is being transferred from the <it>in vivo </it>to a bioreactor-based method.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Here, we present a comprehensive molecular and immunological characterization of 1E10 produced by the two different production processes in order to determine the impact of the manufacturing process in vaccine performance. We observed differences in glycosylation pattern, charge heterogeneity and structural stability between <it>in vivo</it>-produced 1E10 and bioreactor-obtained 1E10. Interestingly, these modifications had no significant impact on the immune responses elicited in two different animal models.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>Changes in 1E10 primary structure like glycosylation; asparagine deamidation and oxidation affected 1E10 structural stability but did not affect the immune response elicited in mice and chickens when compared to 1E10 produced in mice.</p

Highly protective E2-CSFV vaccine candidate produced in the mammary gland of adenoviral transduced goats

Classical swine fever virus is the etiological agent of the most economically important highly contagious disease of swine worldwide. E2 is the major envelope glycoprotein present as a homodimer on the outer surface of the virus and represents an important target for the induction of neutralizing immune response against the viral infection. The E2 extracellular domain was expressed in the milk of adenoviral transduced goats at the highest level about 1.2 g/L. The recombinant glycoprotein was purified from clarified serum milk by a single metal chelate affinity chromatography step, as a homodimer of approximately 100 kDa and purity over 98%. Glycosylation analysis showed the presence of oligomannoside, hybrid and complex type N-glycans, attached to the recombinant E2. The capacity of goat milk-derived E2 antigen to protect pigs from both classical swine fever clinical signs and viral infection was assessed in a vaccination and challenge trial. The immunized pigs became protected after challenge with 105 LD50 of a highly pathogenic CSFV strain. In the context of veterinary vaccines, this expression system has the advantages that the recombinant antigen could be harvested in about 48 h after adenoviral transduction with expression levels in the range of g/L. This approach may turn into a scalable expression system for the assessment and production of veterinary vaccines. © 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved

Estimating the reproducibility of psychological science

One of the central goals in any scientific endeavor is to understand causality. Experiments that seek to demonstrate a cause/effect relation most often manipulate the postulated causal factor. Aarts et al. describe the replication of 100 experiments reported in papers published in 2008 in three high-ranking psychology journals. Assessing whether the replication and the original experiment yielded the same result according to several criteria, they find that about one-third to one-half of the original findings were also observed in the replication study

Estimating the reproducibility of psychological science

Reproducibility is a defining feature of science, but the extent to which it characterizes current research is unknown. We conducted replications of 100 experimental and correlational studies published in three psychology journals using high-powered designs and original materials when available. Replication effects were half the magnitude of original effects, representing a substantial decline. Ninety-seven percent of original studies had statistically significant results. Thirty-six percent of replications had statistically significant results; 47% of original effect sizes were in the 95% confidence interval of the replication effect size; 39% of effects were subjectively rated to have replicated the original result; and if no bias in original results is assumed, combining original and replication results left 68% with statistically significant effects. Correlational tests suggest that replication success was better predicted by the strength of original evidence than by characteristics of the original and replication teams