Mathematical statistics functionally object model for monitoring and control

The paper chain is seen as a complex system that is subject to management. The complexity of the process of monitoring and control is caused mainly complicated objects. To describe the operation of the facility built its functional and static mathematical model that completely describes the state of the object. The functional and statistical models to determine the probabilistic characteristics of information and communication network as object management. The model allows direct determination of the probability of the phase-out of the facility

Linking markemes in Russian and British literary texts of the first half of the nineteenth century

The paper aims at visualizing and analyzing the markeme links in literary texts of Russian and British writers of the first half of nineteenth century. According to the target goal, the tasks of determining the preferred markeme links between the authors, substantial study of maximum force markeme links and comparing the linking markeme vocabulary in Russian and English literary texts have been solved. The topicality of this study is conditioned by the need to devise the ways of cognitive-graphical representations of analytic data and their semantic interpretation and by the scarcity of comparative quantitative studies of the language of Russian and English literary texts, which could present information for comparative and typological analysis of language and literary processes.The study of markeme links is one of the ways of formalized content analysis of the text. The scientists identified regularities to which the texts in natural languages are subject. This enables the use of the mathematical apparatus in linguistic studies. The use of both digital and traditional linguistic studies methods allows analyzing text corpora with mathematical and statistical methods and composing national text corpora, corpora of translations, interactive maps, creating social networks of writers, poets, philosophers, modeling script texts into picture line, analyzing text sentiment, running network analysis and so on. This article suggests analyzing markeme links of maximum force in pairs of authors when comparing “with each other”. The method of markeme analysis proposed by A.A. Kretov as one of the means to formalize the semantical analysis of the text is used to solve the set tasks. It provides a means of presenting a complete picture of literary works language markeme composition of any chronological interval or historical period. It also gives the possibility to analyze texts practically of any wordage. Besides the method of markeme analysis allows analyzing markeme composition of literary (especially - fiction) works of individual authors or groups of authors, markeme specifications and the influence of social and cultural processes on markeme dynamics, studying the evolution of markeme vocabulary through several chronological intervals and establishing literary and genetic links between authors who belong to the same or different chronological intervals an individual DH prospect developed by A.A. Kretov, his colleagues and scholars. Its potential is not limited with solving the given problems. As a qualitative and quantitative analysis, markemological studies employ markeme analysis as a method. This method allows formalizing semantic analysis of texts. Markeme analysis is a method of computer-based identification of keywords, or markemes, followed by visualization of obtained data in the form of bar graphs, charts, graphs, clusters that undergo semantic interpretation. A.A. Kretov developed sharply defined notions on how to identify markemes using a special formula to calculate author's weight or Index of Textual Markedness. The computational formula expresses functionality between a frequency weight and a length weight of a word. As the length weight of a word is constant because it depends on the length of the word in letters or sounds, it is the value of frequency weight that determines the value of InTeM. When a word distribution in the text exceeds a standard frequency distribution threshold for this word, the value of its InTeM becomes positive thereby expressing the level of significance for the word in the particular text. The texts are processed with word thematic analysis manipulation programs “TemAl” and “ProTemAl-Engl” developed in Voronezh State University. “TemAl” processes Russian texts and “ProTemAl-Engl” does the same with English texts. These programs calculate the value of InTeM for each word as well. To guarantee comparability of markeme weights of different authors the procedure of normalizing InTeM values is carried out. This is due to the fact that too often there is great difference both in number of works and their length in words written by different authors and their availability in digital form. InTeM normalizing eliminates their incorrect correlation. The analysis of linking markemes that establish markeme links between two or more authors allows determining the degree of markeme similarity between the authors of chronological interval. Mutual markemes are selected from each author markeme list. Index of Markeme Similarity (IMaS) is the measurable parameter that gives possibility to determine the degree of generality of markeme lexicon of two authors. The computation of IMaS in each pair of authors belonging to the chronological interval is based on the value of total normalized indices of textual markedness of their mutual markemes. The mutual markemes of those two writers that have the largest value of IMaS are their linking markemes. The value of IMaS determines the power of markeme link. When the value of IMaS is the largest for only one writer in the pair, a directional or oriented link of maximum power is formed. In case the value of IMaS is the largest for both writers in the pair, mutually oriented link is formed between them. The present study results in the analysis of linking markemes in the texts of Russian and British writers of the first half of the nineteenth century in reference to the distinguished centre of attraction. The method of visualizing the links between the authors who belong to the same chronological interval allows to distinguish the centre of attraction and intermediate centres of zero, first and second degree, to compute the power of centripetal links, to stratify and analyze linking markemes, to study markeme specificity of the centre of attraction and to distinguish markemes that provide an indirect link between the centre of attraction and intermediate centres. The use of the algorithm of visualizing markeme relations between the authors provides a means of revealing existing centrifugal and centripetal markeme links between the writers, distinguishing the centre of attraction, identifying its major figures and the authors who have direct or indirect markeme links of maximum force with each of them. Obtained data make it possible to compute the power of the center of attraction and the semantic study of maximum force markeme links leads to the specification of both the intermediate centres that are represented by key figures of the centre of attraction and the centre of attraction itself

МОТИВАЦІЙНІ АСПЕКТИ ПСИХОЕМОЦІЙНОГО СТАНУ ЖІНОК ПІД ЧАС ВАГІТНОСТІ. АНАЛІЗ ХАРАКТЕРИСТИК ГЕСТАЦІЙНОЇ ДОМІНАНТИ У КОНТЕКСТІ ТРИВОЖНОСТІ

The aim of the study – to analyze gestational dominant within the framework of anxiety based on estimation of psychoemotional state of pregnant women.Materials and Methods. 336 pregnant women were examined in ІІ and ІІІ trimesters (26.29 ± 0.55 week). Individual and psychological features of pregnant women and their psychoemotional state were studied using the complex of psychodiagnostic methods: Personality Questionnaire of Bekhterev University, Spielberger-Hanin scale, Pregnant Woman Attitude Test of I.V. Dobryakov. Variation and statistical processing of results was performed with STATISTICA 6.0 analysis programs.Results and Discussion. Results of estimation of trait anxiety (TA) permit to determine that its level of 330 (98.21 %) pregnant women exceeds the bounds of low indices. Also such results are typical for state anxiety (SA) where medium and high indices are determined in 256 pregnant women that made 76.19 %. Optimal variant of psychological component of gestational dominant (PCGD) is determined in 41 (12.20 %) pregnant women and euphoric one – in 3 (0.89 %) pregnant women. Prevalence of points in favour of certain type of PCGD (type which deviates from the optimal variant) was not determined in 292 pregnant women that made 86.91 %. Analysis of characteristics of gestational dominant within framework of anxiety has shown that indicator of points (which characterizes optimal type and is estimated with consideration of SА level) was statistically proved (р < 0.05) and lower in pregnant women with high SA level (4.10 ± 0.60 points) comparing to appropriate index of pregnant women with both medium (4.68 ± 0.22 points) and lower (4.94 ± 0.36 points) levels.Conclusions. Estimation of psychological component of gestational dominant permitted to determine the fact that its optimal variant occurred only in 12.20 % of pregnant women. Prevalence of points in favour of certain type was not determined in majority of pregnant women (86.91 %). Analysis of characteristics of gestational dominant within framework of anxiety showed that index of points which characterizes optimal type and is estimated with consideration of SA level was statistically proved (р < 0.05) and lower in pregnant women with high SA level comparing to appropriate index of pregnant women with both medium and low level of SA. Цель исследования – на основании оценки психоэмоционального состояния беременных, провести анализ характеристик гестационной доминанты в контексте тревожности.Материалы и методы. Обследовано 336 беременных во II и III триместрах ((26,29±0,55) недели). Индивидуально-психологические особенности беременных и их психоэмоциональное состояние исследовали с использованием комплекса психодиагностических методов, таких как: личностный опросник Бехтеревском института, шкала Спилбергера – Ханина, тест отношений беременной И. В. Добрякова. Вариационно-статистическая обработка результатов осуществлялась с использованием программ анализа «STATISTICA 6.0».Результаты исследования и их обсуждение. Результаты оценки личностной тревожности (ЛТ) позволили установить, что у 330 (98,21 %) беременных ее уровень выходит за пределы низких показателей. Такие результаты характерны и для ситуативной тревожности (СТ), где средние и высокие показатели установлены у 256 беременных, что составило 76,19 %. Оптимальный вариант психологического компонента гестационной доминанты (ПКГД) установлен лишь у 41 (12,20 %) беременной, а эйфорический – у 3 (0,89 %). У 292 беременных, что составило 86,91 %, не установлено преобладание баллов в пользу конкретного типа ПКГД (отклоняющийся от оптимального). Анализ характеристик гестационной доминанты в контексте тревожности показал, что показатель баллов, характеризующий оптимальный тип и оценен с учетом уровня СТ, был статистически достоверно (р<0,05) ниже у беременных с высоким ее уровнем ((4,10±0,60) балла ) по сравнению с соответствующим показателем беременных, как со средним ((4,68±0,22) балла), так и низким ее уровнем ((4,94±0,36) балла).Выводы. Оценка психологического компонента гестационной доминанты позволила установить, что его оптимальный вариант имел место лишь у 12,20 % беременных, а у большинства беременных (86,91 %) не установлено преобладание баллов в пользу конкретного типа. Анализ характеристик гестационной доминанты в контексте тревожности показал, что показатель баллов, характеризующий оптимальный тип и оценен с учетом уровня СТ, был статистически достоверно (р<0,05) ниже у беременных с высоким уровнем СТ по сравнению с соответствующим показателем беременных, как со средним, так и с низким ее уровнем.Мета дослідження: на підставі оцінки психоемоційного стану вагітних, провести аналіз характеристик гестаційної домінанти у контексті тривожності.Контингент обстежених і методи дослідження. Обстежено 336 вагітних у ІІ та ІІІ триместрах (26,29 ± 0,55 тижні). Індивідуально-психологічні особливості вагітних та їх психоемоційний стан досліджували з використанням комплексу психодіагностичних методів: особистісний опитувальник Бехтерєвського інституту, шкала Спілбергера – Ханіна, тест відносин вагітної І.В. Добрякова. Варіаційно-статистична обробка результатів здійснювалась з використанням програм аналізу “STATISTICA6.0”.Результати досліджень та їх обговорення. Результати оцінки особистісної тривожності (ОТ) дозволили встановити, що у 330 (98,21 %) вагітних її рівень виходить за межі низьких показників. Такі результати характерні і для ситуативної тривожності (СТ), де середні та високі показники встановлені у 256 вагітних, що склало 76,19 %. Оптимальний варіант психологічного компоненту гестаційної домінанти (ПКГД) встановлений лише у 41 (12,20 %) вагітної, а ейфорійний – у 3 (0,89 %). У 292 вагітних, що склало 86,91 %, не встановлено переважання балів на користь конкретного типу ПКГД (тип, який відхилдяється від оптимального). Аналіз характеристик гестаційної домінанти в контексті тривожності показав, що показник балів, який характеризує оптимальний тип та оцінений з урахуванням рівня СТ, був статистично достовірно (р < 0,05) нижчим у вагітних з високим рівнем СТ (4,10 ± 0,60 бали) у порівнянні з відповідним показником вагітних, як з середнім (4,68 ± 0,22 бали), так і низьким її рівнем (4,94 ± 0,36 бали).Висновки. На підставі оцінки психологічного компоненту гестаційної домінанти встановлено, що його оптимальний варіант мав місце лише у 12,20 % вагітних. У більшості вагітних (86,91 %) не встановлено переважання балів на користь конкретного типу. Аналіз характеристик гестаційної домінанти в контексті тривожності показав, що показник балів, який характеризує оптимальний тип та оцінений з урахуванням рівня СТ, був статистично достовірно (р < 0,05) нижчим у вагітних з високим рівнем СТ у порівнянні з відповідним показником вагітних, як з середнім, так і низьким її рівнем.

Bioactive Calcium Phosphate Coatings on Metallic Implants

Biocomposites based on bioinert metals or alloys and bioactive calcium phosphate coatings are a promising tendency of the new-generation implants development. In recent years, the approach of regenerative medicine based on the use of biodegradable biomaterials has been priority direction. Such materials are capable of initiating the bone tissue regeneration and replaced by the newly formed bone. The microarc oxidation (MAO) method allows obtaining the bioactive coatings with a porous structure, special functional properties, and modified by the essential elements. During the last decade, the investigations in the field of the nanostructured biocomposites based on bioinert Ti, Zr, Nb and their alloys with a calcium phosphate coatings deposited by the MAO method have been studied in the Institute of Strength Physics and Materials Science SB RAS, Tomsk. In this article the possibility to produce the bioactive coatings with high antibacterial and osseoconductive properties due to the introduction in the coatings of Zn, Cu, Ag, La, Si elements and wollastonite CaSiO[3] was shown. The high hydrophilic and bioresorbed coatings stimulate the processes of osseointegration of the implant into the bone tissue. A promising direction in the field of the medical material science is a development of the metallic implants with good biomechanical compatibility to the bone, such as Ti-Nb alloys with a low elastic modulus that can be classified as biomaterials of the second generation. Zr and its alloys are promising materials for the dentistry and orthopedic surgery due to their high strength and corrosion resistance. Biodegradable Mg alloys are biomaterials of third generation. Such materials can dissolve with a certain speed in human body and excreted from the body thereby excluding the need for reoperation. This article presents the analysis of the study results of bioactive MAO coatings on Ti, Ti-Nb, Zr-Nb and Mg alloys and their promising medical application

Mammalian end binding proteins control persistent microtubule growth

© 2009 Komarova et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License 3.0. The definitive version was published in Journal of Cell Biology 184 (2009): 691-706, doi:10.1083/jcb.200807179.End binding proteins (EBs) are highly conserved core components of microtubule plus-end tracking protein networks. Here we investigated the roles of the three mammalian EBs in controlling microtubule dynamics and analyzed the domains involved. Protein depletion and rescue experiments showed that EB1 and EB3, but not EB2, promote persistent microtubule growth by suppressing catastrophes. Furthermore, we demonstrated in vitro and in cells that the EB plus-end tracking behavior depends on the calponin homology domain but does not require dimer formation. In contrast, dimerization is necessary for the EB anti-catastrophe activity in cells; this explains why the EB1 dimerization domain, which disrupts native EB dimers, exhibits a dominant-negative effect. When microtubule dynamics is reconstituted with purified tubulin, EBs promote rather than inhibit catastrophes, suggesting that in cells EBs prevent catastrophes by counteracting other microtubule regulators. This probably occurs through their action on microtubule ends, because catastrophe suppression does not require the EB domains needed for binding to known EB partners.This work was supported by the Netherlands Organization for Scientifi c Research grants to A.A., by Funda ç ã o para a Ci ê ncia e a Tecnologia fellowship to S.M. Gouveia, by a FEBS fellowship to R.M. Buey, by the National Institutes of Health grant GM25062 to G.G. Borisy and by the Swiss National Science Foundation through grant 3100A0-109423 and by the National Center of Competence in Research Structural Biology program to M.O. Steinmetz

Исследование состава остаточной микрофлоры молока после пастеризации

The article presents the results of studies of the composition of the residual microflora of pasteurized milk, depending on the bacterial landscape and the initial contamination of raw milk. The thermal stability of test  cultures of microorganisms that significantly affect the  quality and  storage capacity of fermented dairy products has been  studied. To study  the  composition of the  residual microflora of milk after  pasteurization, sterile milk was infected with  test  cultures of microorganisms at doses  from  101 CFU/cm3 to 107 CFU/cm3. After infection, the  milk was pasteurized at temperatures of (72 ± 1) °C and  (80 ± 1) °C with  a holding time  of 10–20  seconds. The detection and  enumeration of microorganisms was carried out  by standardized microbiological methods. Microorganisms were identified by visual assessment of dominant colonies and cell morphology in micropreparations. The thermal stability of microorganisms important for dairy products, in particular cheeses, the source of which  is raw milk, has been  studied. It has been  established that of the  coccal  forms,  the  greatest risks are associated with  enterococci. Escherichia coli at  infection doses  above 106 CFU/cm3 partially retains viability both  at low-temperature and  at high-temperature pasteurization. Pasteurization temperatures do not have  a lethal effect on spore  bacilli, their number in pasteurized milk does not decrease, regardless of the  initial dose of infection. Low-temperature pasteurization activates the process of clostridial spore  germination. The ability to reactivate cells after  thermal shock was observed in Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas, and  mold  fungi.  Thus,  the  residual microflora of milk  subjected to  low-temperature pasteurization is represented by enterococci, thermophilic streptococci, micrococci, staphylococci, asporogenous bacilli  and  spore bacteria. The above microorganisms constitute  the  residual microflora of pasteurized milk and are involved in the  maturation of cheeses, determining their quality and  safety,  [as well as] affecting the  storage capacity of the finished product.В статье представлены  результаты исследований состава остаточной микрофлоры  пастеризованного молока в зависимости от бактериального пейзажа и исходной обсемененности сырого  молока. Изучена термостабильность тест-культур микроорганизмов, значимо влияющих на качество и хранимоспособность ферментируемых  молочных продуктов. Для  исследования состава остаточной микрофлоры молока после  пастеризации стерильное молоко заражали тест-культурами микроорганизмов  в дозах от  101 КОЕ/см3 до 107 КОЕ/см3.  После  заражения молоко пастеризовали при  температурах (72 ± 1)  °C и  (80 ± 1) °C с выдержкой 10–20  секунд.  Выявление и  подсчет микроорганизмов  осуществляли стандартизованными микробиологическими методами. Идентификацию микроорганизмов проводили визуальной оценкой господствующих колоний и морфологии клеток в микропрепаратах. Исследована термостабильность микроорганизмов, значимых для  молочных продуктов, в частности сыров,  источником которых является сырое  молоко. Установлено, что из кокковых форм  наибольшие риски  связаны с энтерококками. Кишечная палочка при дозах  заражения выше 106 КОЕ/см3  частично сохраняет жизнеспособность как при низкотемпературной, так и при высокотемпературной пастеризации. На споровые палочки температуры пастеризации  не  оказывают летального действия, их  количество в пастеризованном молоке не снижается, независимо от исходной дозы  заражения. Низкотемпературная пастеризация активизирует процесс прорастания спор  клостридий. Способность к реактивации клеток после термошока наблюдалась у кишечной палочки, стафилококка, псевдомонад и плесневых грибов. Таким образом, остаточная микрофлора молока, подвергнутого низкотемпературной пастеризации, представлена  энтерококками, термофильным стрептококком, микрококками, стафилококками, аспорогенными палочками и  споровыми бактериями.  Вышеперечисленные микроорганизмы  составляют остаточную микрофлору пастеризованного молока и участвуют в процессах созревания сыров, определяя их качество и безопасность, влияют на хранимоспособность готового продукта