MAD COW DISEASE AND THE VALUE OF A HOG IN CANADA

Production Economics,

Leveraging Landscape Change: Instrument design for supporting the evolution of new natural resource industry niches

This paper outlines how resource degradation in Australia could be reversed with innovative investment approaches that compensate for the main impediments to beneficial landscape change. We argue that the existing suite of policy responses is incomplete and there are benefits to be had by introducing some new approaches for encouraging innovative and creative, appropriate landscape change. We discuss two examples that address the need for instruments that encourage the evolution of new natural resource industry niches: 1. the proposal advanced by the Allen Consulting Group in its recommendations to the Business Leaders Roundtable in 2001 on options for leveraging private investment entitled Repairing the Country 2. a pilot project that is being undertaken by Greening Australia and the CSIRO with funding provided under the Market Based Instruments Program of the National Action Plan on Salinty and Water Quality. The paper concludes with a comparison of existing instruments and their usefulness.Environmental Economics and Policy, Research Methods/ Statistical Methods, Q28, D7,

Natural Resource Management and Indigenous Well-being

This paper considers the usefulness of a range of analytical approaches for describing the impact of natural resource management for Indigenous people. Six approaches are reviewed here with examples from the literature. These include: a well-being index approach used with the Nywaigi people in north eastern Australia; a replacement value approach to valuing wild resource harvests for the Wallis Lake area of north eastern New South Wales, Australia; a bio-economic approach to Indigenous/Non-Indigenous fisheries management of the Ontario Great Lakes; a stated preference approach used i

Book reviews

Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession,

Assessing, quantifying and valuing the ecosystem services of coastal lagoons

The natural conservation of coastal lagoons is important not only for their ecological importance, but also because of the valuable ecosystem services they provide for human welfare and wellbeing. Coastal lagoons are shallow semi-enclosed systems that support important habitats such as wetlands, mangroves, salt-marshes and seagrass meadows, as well as a rich biodiversity. Coastal lagoons are also complex social-ecological systems with ecosystem services that provide livelihoods, wellbeing and welfare to humans. This study assessed, quantified and valued the ecosystem services of 32 coastal lagoons. The main findings of the study are: (i) the definitions of ecosystem services are still not generally accepted; (ii) the quantification of ecosystem services is made in many different ways, using different units; (iii) the evaluation in monetary terms of some ecosystem service is problematic, often relying on non-monetary evaluation methods; (iv) when ecosystem services are valued in monetary terms, this may represent very different human benefits; and, (v) different aspects of climate change, including increasing temperature, sea-level rise and changes in rainfall patterns threaten the valuable ecosystem services of coastal lagoons.DEVOTES project, from the European Union's Seventh Framework Programme for research, technological development and demonstration [308392]; networks and communities of Eurolag; Future Earth Coasts; SCOR; Fundacao para a Ciencia e a Tecnologia (FCT) Investigador Programme [IF/00331/2013]; Fundacao para a Ciencia e a Tecnologia [UID/MAR/04292/2013]; CESAM by FCT/MEC national funds (PIDDAC) [UID/AMB/50017/2013 - POCI-01-0145-FEDER-007638]; FEDER; European Commission, under the 7th Framework Programme through the collaborative research project LAGOONS [283157]; FCT [SFRH/BPD/107823/2015, SFRH/BPD/91494/2012

Experiences of caregivers of children with inherited metabolic diseases: a qualitative study

Background: We sought to understand the experiences of parents/caregivers of children with inherited metabolic diseases (IMD) in order to inform strategies for supporting patients and their families. We investigated their experiences regarding the management of disease, its impact on child and family life, and interactions with the health care system. Methods: From four Canadian centres, we conducted semi-structured telephone interviews with parents/caregivers of children with an IMD who were born between 2006 and 2015 and who were participating in a larger cohort study. Participants were selected with the aim of achieving a diverse sample with respect to treatment centre, IMD, and age of the child. Interviews emphasized the impacts of the disease and its treatment on the child and family and explicitly queried perceptions of interactions with the health care system. We identified emergent themes from the interview data. Results: We completed interviews with 21 parents/caregivers. The 21 children were aged \u3c1 to 7 years old with IMD that included amino acid disorders, urea cycle disorders, fatty acid oxidation disorders, and organic acid disorders or \u27other\u27 IMD. Most parents reported that they and their families had adapted well to their child\u27s diagnosis. Parents used proactive coping strategies to integrate complex disease management protocols into routine family life. An important source of stress was concern about the social challenges faced by their children. Participants reported positive interactions with their most involved health care providers within the metabolic clinic. However, they reported challenges associated with the health care system outside of disease-specific metabolic care, when encountering systems and providers unfamiliar with the child\u27s disease. Conclusions: The successful use of proactive coping strategies among parents of children with IMD in this study suggests the potential value of promoting positive coping and is an important direction for future study. Parents\u27 social concerns for their children were important stressors that warrant consideration by health care providers positioned to support families. Our results with respect to experiences with care highlight the important role of specialized metabolic clinics and point to a need for better coordination of the care that takes place outside the disease-specific management of IMD

Natural Resource Management and Indigenous Well Being

This paper considers the usefulness of a range of analytical approaches to describing the impact of natural resource management on Indigenous people. Six approaches are reviewed here with examples from the literature. These include: a well-being index approach used recently by Greiner with the Australian Nywaigi people; a replacement value approach to valuing wild resource harvests for the Wallis Lake area of north eastern New South Wales; a bio-economic approach to Indigenous/Non-Indigenous fisheries management of the Ontario Great Lakes used by Dyack; a stated preference approach used in New Zealand; a Choice Experiment in northern Saskatchewan and Alberta; and, a Goal Programming/Multi-Criteria Analysis with the Wik People from the York Peninsula in north eastern Australia. The purpose of this review is to provide a discussion document for a new project. This project is developing as a collaboration in the Murray River Basin in south east Australia with the Ngarrindjeri People. Examples highlight the challenges for measuring values and well being especially when the context implies potential tradeoffs between Indigenous interests for health of country and nonindigenous interests. References in this regard are made to sport fishery expansion in the Great Lakes and irrigation diversions for the Murra

Testing for convergent validity between travel cost and contingent valuation estimates of recreation values in the Coorong, Australia

A number of studies valuing recreation have shown that the travel cost method (TCM) generates higher estimates of value than the contingent valuation method (CVM), even though the latter is commonly associated with potential problems of hypothetical and strategic bias. In this study, both methods have been used to estimate the recreational values associated with the Coorong on the Murray River in south-eastern Australia. Values per adult visitor per recreation day are estimated with the TCM at $149 and with the CVM at$116. A number of methodological and framing issues to explain these value differences are tested. In summary, while no single methodological or framing issue could be identified that would reconcile the difference between TCM and CVM values, it appears likely that there may be a combination of factors that drive the systematic variations in consumer surplus values. The evidence in this study suggests that the most important of these are likely to be the different decision points underpinning data collection and the consideration of substitute sites, strategic responses and the treatment of uncertain responses within the CVM

Testing Temporal Stability of Recreation Values

Temporal stability of non-market values help to demonstrate the validity of value estimates and the reliability of benefit transfers, however evidence of value stability over time is limited. A literature review focused on meta-analysis studies shows that it is standard practice to adjust values for CPI changes between temporal periods, but that in about half of cases additional value increases over time were identified as significant. One implication is that benefit transfer may not be reliable in those cases. In this study temporal stability of recreation values for the Coorong in Australia has been assessed by travel cost model (TCM) and contingent valuation (CVM) experiments repeated seven years apart. The case study results identified temporal transfer errors were larger with the TCM (62%) than with the CVM (19%). Testing showed that the TCM models and values were significantly different over the seven year period, but the CVM models and values were not, even though the same recreation good was involved. These mixed results indicate that stated preference values may be less sensitive to temporal effects than revealed preference values. © 2019 Elsevier B.V