DISCOUNTING LONG RUN AVERAGE GROWTH IN STOCHASTIC DYNAMIC PROGRAMS

Finding solutions to the Bellman equation often relies on restrictive boundedness assumptions. In this paper we develop a method of proof that allows to dispense with the assumption that returns are bounded from above. In applications our assumptions only imply that long run average (expected) growth is sufficiently discounted, in sharp contrast with classical assumptions either absolutely bounding growth or bounding each period (instead of long run) maximum (instead of average) growth. We discuss our work in relation to the literature and provide several examples.Dynamic Programming; Weighted Norms; Contraction Mappings; Dominated Convergence; Non Additive Recursive Functions.

PHYSICAL AND HUMAN CAPITAL INVESTMENT: RELATIVE SUBSTITUTES IN THE ENDOGENOUS GROWTH PROCESS

This paper aims at studying the interaction between growth of real output and human capital accumulation when education requires investment of physical resources. To this end we investigate the aggregate implications of individual specific uncertainty about returns to investment in education in the absence of insurance markets. We do so in a general equilibrium OLG model in which physical resources must be devoted to education in order to accumulate human capital. We find that uncertainty with incomplete financial markets may strongly affect individual behavior but not the aggregate of the economy: different degrees of uncertainty will induce different intensities of human to physical capital but will not have a significant impact on the long run growth rate of the economy. This framework allows us to conclude that investing less in education in relative terms does not necessarily lead to less growth: the accumulation of physical and human capital display some degree of substitutability as an engine for long run growth.Overlapping generations, Investment in education, Uninsured shocks, Human capital, Sustained growth.

Clientelism, income inequality, and social preferences: an evolutionary approach to poverty traps

Political clientelism is a dyadic relation in which a politician (the patron) gives material goods and services to a citizen (the client), in exchange for political support. We argue that there is a two-way relation between clientelism and income inequality and poverty. In a poor society in which income inequality is high, clientelism will be a natural outcome. Once clientelism is established, it is harder for democracy to redistribute income and it is easier for the society to be caught in a poverty trap. We develop a two-part game-theoretic model. In the first part, clientelism emerges in a poor and unequal society as a consequence of social preferences, in particular, strong reciprocity. In the second part, using evolutionary and stochastic game theory, we show that clientelism causes income inequality and poverty.

FISCAL COMPETITION AND PUBLIC EDUCATION IN REGIONS

We explore an economy with two regions and independent local administrations. Local governments collect taxes to finance public education, but once educated agents can choose to migrate to the other region. The Nash equilibrium of the long-run game between the two governments is compared to a golden rule-type social optimum. Preliminary results show that the Nash equilibrium will result in over- or under-investment depending on the extent to which public education is subject to congestion.Successive generations, Public education, Federal and local government, Fiscal games.

Casorati Type Determinants Of Some Q-Classical Orthogonal Polynomials

Some symmetries for Casorati determinants whose entries are q-classical orthogonal polynomials are studied. Special attention is paid to the symmetry involving Big q-Jacobi polynomials. Some limiting situations, for other related q-classical orthogonal polynomial families in the q-Askey scheme, namely q-Meixner, q-Charlier, and q-Laguerre polynomials, are considered.This work was partially supported by MTM2012-36732-C03-03 (Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad), FQM-262, FQM-4643, FQM-7276 (Junta de Andalucía) and Feder Funds (European Union). The research of the second author was partially supported by the project MTM2012- 36732-C03-01 (Ministerio de Econom´ıa y Competitividad)

Modelo de negocio para el archivo fotográfico de la Biblioteca Pública Piloto 2012-2013

En febrero de 2011, la Biblioteca Pública Piloto de Medellín para América Latina solicitó asesoría a la Universidad EAFIT para diseñar un modelo de negocio viable que le permita comercializar las imágenes de su archivo fotográfico patrimonial.Como respuesta a esta solicitud, este documento presenta un modelo de negocio basado en la Metodología de Alexander Osterwalder e Yves Pigneur y su planteamiento para la generación de modelos de negocio innovadores, a través del desarrollo de nueve bloques estratégicos que parten de los procesos clave de la organización. Los temas abordados en este documento incluyen información de contexto sobre el modelo de negocio actual de la Biblioteca Pública Piloto, del mercado de los bancos de imágenes, y el nuevo modelo de negocio para el archivo fotográfico de la Biblioteca Pública Piloto.155 p.In February 2011, the Bibilioteca Pública Piloto de Medellín para América Latina, a government-owned library in Medellín, Colombia, requested Universidad EAFIT,assistance to design a feasible business model that would allow it to market the images of its historic photography bank. As a response to this request, this document presents a business model based on the methodology formulated by Alexander Osterwalder and Yves Pigneur and their layout to generate innovative business models, through the development of a canvas based on nine strategic building blocks that represent the key processes of an organization. This document includes background information about the current business model of the library, contextual information about image banks in general, and finally the new model to be presented to the Biblioteca Pública Piloto.Contenido parcial: Descripción del modelo de negocio y su entorno -- Evolución y estado del mercado -- Tendencias de la industria -- Modelo de negocio para el archivo fotográfico de la Biblioteca Pública Piloto -- Desarrollo del proceso de ideación -- Desarrollo del Modelo de negocio -- Elementos que componen la estructura de costos

Numerical generation of periodic traveling wave solutions of some nonlinear dispersive wave systems.

In this paper a numerical procedure to generate approximations to periodic traveling wave profiles of some nonlinear dispersive wave systems is introduced. The method is based on a suitable modification of a fixed point algorithm of Petviashvili type and solves several drawbacks of some previous algorithms presented in the literature. By way of illustration, the method is applied to generate numerically periodic traveling waves of two problems of interest: the fractional KdV type equations and the extended Boussinesq system.Ministerio de Economía, Industria y Competitividad /FEDER (MTM2015-66330-P)Ministerio de Economía, Industria y Competitividad (MTM2014-54710-P

Vegetation structure determines the spatial variability of soil biodiversity across biomes

The factors controlling the spatial variability of soil biodiversity remain largely undetermined. We conducted a global field survey to evaluate how and why the within-site spatial variability of soil biodiversity (i.e. richness and community composition) changes across global biomes with contrasting soil ages, climates and vegetation types. We found that the spatial variability of bacteria, fungi, protists, and invertebrates is positively correlated across ecosystems. We also show that the spatial variability of soil biodiversity is mainly controlled by changes in vegetation structure driven by soil age and aridity. Areas with high plant cover, but low spatial heterogeneity, were associated with low levels of spatial variability in soil biodiversity. Further, our work advances the existence of significant, undescribed links between the spatial variability of soil biodiversity and key ecosystem functions. Taken together, our findings indicate that reductions in plant cover (e.g., via desertification, increases in aridity, or deforestation), are likely to increase the spatial variability of multiple soil organisms and that such changes are likely to negatively impact ecosystem functioning across global biomes

A Shadow in Her Notebook

“A Shadow in Her Notebook” de Eiléan Ní Chuileanáin. Tradução para o galego por Jorge Rodríguez Durán. Escrito para “Eavan Boland — In Her Many Images”, ABEI Journal 23.2 (2021).  “A Shadow in Her Notebook” by Eiléan Ní Chuileanáin. Written for “Eavan Boland — In Her Many Images”, ABEI Journal 23.2 (2021)

Generations and life worlds: the case of Braga in Portugal

The objective of this research is to present the primary results of a study on generations and generational relationships in Braga, Portugal, specifically in the spheres of family, school, work, leisure and consumption, and religion. For this purpose, three generational cohorts were differentiated, belonging to those born in the decades 1940–1950, 1965–1975, and 1990–2000. This work will focus on the first of these generations, 1940–1950. To carry out this research, each generation was structured based on gender and social class, and qualitative (Life Stories) and quantitative (questionnaires) techniques were used. We started from the hypotheses suggested by previous research (blinded for review) and confirmed by the one being developed that it is possible to observe certain generational connections, despite the divisions related to gender and social class that exist within them (a division that gains greater visibility in the qualitative dimension), and that relationships between generations cannot be approached from theoretical models based on mere reproduction or opposition. Instead, we must grasp these relationships through more complex and dynamic processes, through which they will reconfigure and rework what is transmitted and what is received by each generation, resulting in a unique outcome that will be explored in this work. The religious dimension, which was previously a naturally assumed and lived tradition, ceased to be recognised as an identity determinant by the younger generations. As a result, the cultural heritage is no longer passed down as tradition. In this sense, there is a whole “integral ecology” (LS 159), in its broadest sense, recovering that is capable of cementing principles and values that unite generations and give meaning to life. To carry out this research, a theoretical and analytical framework has been established based on the following dimensions: transmissions (concerning the narratives and the people who appear as their referents); temporalities that articulate both the relationships within each generation and between generations; spaces, structures, and rituals that make up and give meaning to the transmissions; recognised debts, obligations, and interdependencies; expectations and achievements; and tensions between the expected and the achieved.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio