Agresividad y violencia en la vida de las mujeres de Rumania

In Romania, the communist period brought about some serious damage to the image of the woman both at the society and at the family level, a fact that generated numerous social problems. Later on, the transition from socialism to capitalism was carried out with difficulty, and, in order to overcome the crisis situation (both social and familial) created, after 1989 the politicians preferred to “import” solutions without adapting them to the needs of the people, to its lifestyle and especially to the religion and culture of this nation. Moreover, domestic violence “continued its natural course”, still being considered a hidden problem, protected by the privacy of the family, by the institution of marriage and conceived as a thing that was allowed, accepted. Studies that should analyse the real status of this social problem were carried out only at national level, with more emphasis being laid on identifying the cases reported and solved and on the types of violence the victims were subjected to, but, unfortunately, the local or regional studies that should bring new and specific elements are very few. For this reason, the present survey tries to analyse the issues related to woman’s victimisation within an area lying in the south of Romania, namely in the Argeş County, by shaping a portrait of the woman from this area who presents a high risk of being abused and by identifying the cultural and structural barriers that prevent abuse and provide the means the victims need in order to be safe. The interviews carried out with the victims of domestic violence, as well as the analysis of their files, for a period of three years, render, in addition to the severity of the acts of violence and the trauma suffered, the authorities’ incapacity to manage this phenomenon which seems to become more and more present in Romanian households every single day that goes by.En Rumania, el periodo bajo el régimen comunista afectó seriamente la imagen de la mujer en la sociedad pero también en la familia, lo que generó varios problemas sociales. Más tarde, la transición desde el socialismo al capitalismo se realizó con dificultad y para enfrentar la situación de crisis (bien social y bien familiar) creada, después del año 1989, los políticos prefirieron «importar» soluciones sin adaptarlas a las necesidades del pueblo, a su estilo de vida pero sobre todo a la religión y cultura de esta nación. Además, la violencia doméstica «siguió su curso normal» todavía considerándose un problema ignorado, protegido en la intimidad de la familia, por la institución del matrimonio y visto como una cosa permitida, aceptada. Los estudios que analizan la situación real de este problema social se realizaron solamente al nivel nacional centrándose más en identificar los casos denunciados, solucionados y los tipos de violencia a las cuales fueron sujetas las víctimas, pero desgraciadamente, hay muy pocos estudios locales o regionales que traten de traer elementos nuevos y específicos. Por lo tanto, este estudio trata de analizar los problemas relacionados a la victimización de la mujer en una zona del Sur de Rumania, concretamente, en la provincia de Argeş, esbozando un retrato de la mujer que vive en esta zona y que presenta un riesgo más alto para abuso e identificando las barreras culturales y estructurales que impiden el abuso y ofrecen la ayuda que necesitan las víctimas para sentirse seguras. Las entrevistas realizadas con las víctimas de la violencia doméstica así como el análisis de los expedientes correspondientes, por un periodo de tres años, ponen de manifiesto, aparte de la gravedad de los actos de violencia y de los traumas sufridos, la incapacidad de las autoridades de gestionar este fenómeno que parece extenderse más en los hogares de los rumanos

Overnight News and Daily Equity Trading Risk Limits

This paper proposes a new bivariate modeling approach for setting daily equity-trading risk limits using high-frequency data. We construct one-day-ahead Value-at-Risk (VaR) forecasts by taking into account the different dynamics of the overnight and daytime return processes and their covariance. The covariance is motivated by market microstructure effects such as price staleness and news spillover. Among the competitors we include a simpler bivariate model where the overnight return is redefined by moving the open price further into the trading day, and a univariate model based on the close-to-close return and an overnight-adjusted realized volatility. We illustrate the different approaches using data on the S&P 500 and Russell 2000 indices. The evidence in favour of modeling the covariance is more convincing for the latter index due to the lower trading volumes and, relatedly, the less efficient price discovery at market open for small-cap stocks

Frequency of protozoan and helminthic intestinal infections in Emergency Hospital for Children “St. Maria” Iasi, Romania

Introduction: Intestinal parasites are an important health problem, as they affect a large number of individuals, resulting either in asymptomatic cases or in states of chronic diarrhea and malnutrition. This study had the objective of investigating the frequency of intestinal parasitic infection in children (0-16 years old) admitted in Emergency Hospital for Children “St. Mary” Iasi, Romania, as this is a pediatric tertiary care center for the Moldavia region and because there is no recent data in the literature about such investigation in this large area. Materials and methods: A retrospective study was conducted using the stool microscopy results from January to December 2011 which were obtained from archived records of the Department of Parasitology of the Hospital. Intestinal parasitic infection was diagnosed by direct fresh parasitological examination of the stools. The stool samples were processed using saline and iodine mounts and examined microscopically for ova and cysts of parasites. Results: Overall, female patients were more affected (58.23%). Among 1168 positive coproparasitological tests, 98.70% of patients had single parasitic infection, and 1.30% had more than two types of intestinal parasites. In double and triple parasitic infection (12 cases), there were associations be­tween a protozoan and a helminth (66.66%), between two helminthes (25%), or a protozoan and two helminthes (8.33%). The frequency of protozoan infection was found to be above 96%, and was represented only by Giardia lamblia, which affected almost equally male and female patients. There were 5 different species of helminthes in stool specimens (52 cases). Ascaris lumbricoides (80.76%) and Enterobius vermicularis (9.61%) were the most frequent among them and affected equally male and female patients. Hymenolepis nana (5.76%) and Trichuris trichiura (3.84%) correlated with female patients and Ancylostoma duodenalis (1.92%) affected only male patients. Conclusion: Our data revealed a different pattern of intestinal parasitic distribution comparing with those reported in industrialized or developing countries. We highlight the special need to educate the community on proper personal hygiene and basic sanitation measures to reduce health problems caused by intestinal parasites

Implementing virtual experiments in Sciences education - challenges and experiences achieved in the frame of VccSSe Comenius 2.1. project

AbstractSince the beginning of the 21st Century, massive changes took place in the field of education. New teaching and learning methods based on using modern ICT tools - like virtual experiments, educational video-clips or other multimedia products - have been implemented in the educational process.The paper presents an analysis of the impact produced by the implementation of new virtual experiments designed by 146 teachers who participated to a 40hours training modules “Virtual Instrumentation in Science Education” organized in the frame of Socrates-Comenius 2.1. European project “VccSSe - Virtual Community Collaborating Space for Science Education”. Different aspects and interpretation related to the challenges and difficulties encountered during the implementation process are also included

Biblical descriptions of spinal neurological and neurosurgical pathology

The Holy Bible includes descriptions of the spine with both neurosurgical and neurological implications and most spinal disorders presented have been briefly described and display a mystical nature. The Holy Bible is a book full of sacred precepts and not a medical encyclopedia as it was written in the context of that age, and in a language that had to be understood by people of that era. This paper aims to give a short presentation of several diseases of the spine mentioned in the Holy Scripture in order to identify the most common disease among the Jews during biblical times and attempts to provide their diagnosis

Design and baseline characteristics of the finerenone in reducing cardiovascular mortality and morbidity in diabetic kidney disease trial

Background: Among people with diabetes, those with kidney disease have exceptionally high rates of cardiovascular (CV) morbidity and mortality and progression of their underlying kidney disease. Finerenone is a novel, nonsteroidal, selective mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist that has shown to reduce albuminuria in type 2 diabetes (T2D) patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) while revealing only a low risk of hyperkalemia. However, the effect of finerenone on CV and renal outcomes has not yet been investigated in long-term trials. Patients and Methods: The Finerenone in Reducing CV Mortality and Morbidity in Diabetic Kidney Disease (FIGARO-DKD) trial aims to assess the efficacy and safety of finerenone compared to placebo at reducing clinically important CV and renal outcomes in T2D patients with CKD. FIGARO-DKD is a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group, event-driven trial running in 47 countries with an expected duration of approximately 6 years. FIGARO-DKD randomized 7,437 patients with an estimated glomerular filtration rate >= 25 mL/min/1.73 m(2) and albuminuria (urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio >= 30 to <= 5,000 mg/g). The study has at least 90% power to detect a 20% reduction in the risk of the primary outcome (overall two-sided significance level alpha = 0.05), the composite of time to first occurrence of CV death, nonfatal myocardial infarction, nonfatal stroke, or hospitalization for heart failure. Conclusions: FIGARO-DKD will determine whether an optimally treated cohort of T2D patients with CKD at high risk of CV and renal events will experience cardiorenal benefits with the addition of finerenone to their treatment regimen. Trial Registration: EudraCT number: 2015-000950-39; ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02545049

2015/16 seasonal vaccine effectiveness against hospitalisation with influenza a(H1N1)pdm09 and B among elderly people in Europe: Results from the I-MOVE+ project

We conducted a multicentre test-negative caseâ\u80\u93control study in 27 hospitals of 11 European countries to measure 2015/16 influenza vaccine effectiveness (IVE) against hospitalised influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 and B among people aged â\u89¥ 65 years. Patients swabbed within 7 days after onset of symptoms compatible with severe acute respiratory infection were included. Information on demographics, vaccination and underlying conditions was collected. Using logistic regression, we measured IVE adjusted for potential confounders. We included 355 influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 cases, 110 influenza B cases, and 1,274 controls. Adjusted IVE against influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 was 42% (95% confidence interval (CI): 22 to 57). It was 59% (95% CI: 23 to 78), 48% (95% CI: 5 to 71), 43% (95% CI: 8 to 65) and 39% (95% CI: 7 to 60) in patients with diabetes mellitus, cancer, lung and heart disease, respectively. Adjusted IVE against influenza B was 52% (95% CI: 24 to 70). It was 62% (95% CI: 5 to 85), 60% (95% CI: 18 to 80) and 36% (95% CI: -23 to 67) in patients with diabetes mellitus, lung and heart disease, respectively. 2015/16 IVE estimates against hospitalised influenza in elderly people was moderate against influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 and B, including among those with diabetes mellitus, cancer, lung or heart diseases

Dental Nanorobots – Small Instruments With Large Potential

Science of miniaturization (nanotechnology) is manipulating matter at nanometer level. Using nanotechnology, in the latest 10 years a new field of research appeared: dental nanomedicine, which will use new tools, nanorobots. Aim This paper aims to provide the recent information about some application of nanorobots to dental problems, especially in orthodontics. Materials and methods We addressed some queries to the electronic data bases including „Google Scholar”, „Google Books” and MEDLINE, using the key-words: ”nanotechnology”, ”dental nanomedicine”, ”nanodentistry” and ”dental nanorobots”. We have taken into consideration the articles and monographies in the field of nanomedicine and nanotechnology issued in English until the 31st of December 2010. From the collected materials, we have conceived a summary of the data about the design and architecture of nanorobots, as well as their applications in dental nanomedicine. Results The dental nanorobots will be invisible for human eye and could have different shapes as they will have to do different tasks. They will be manufactured out of thousands of mechanical parts, made out of diamondoid materials. The most important part of the architecture of a nanorobot will be the nanocomputer on board which will be under the control of the dentist. The dental robots could accomplish numerous tasks: inducing local anaesthesia, desensitize teeth, correct positioning of periodontal tissue and poorly aligned teeth, restorative dental procedures, and curative preventive procedures at oral cavity level. Though there will be numerous benefits of using nanorobots in dental medicine, some scientists consider that there will be also some risks, including the disappearance of every living being on Earth if the nanorobots will evolve towards the capacity of continuous auto-replication. Conclusion Nanorobots will be the next big treatment revolution in dentistry. Scientists appreciate that the years 2020 will be called “the decade of the medical nanorobots” as in those years these “intelligent” instruments will be at work. The role of the dentist working with such instruments will change, but also the types of the dental problems of the patients who will address to him will change