Suppression of Lolium multiflorum Lam. with Vicia villosa Roth combined with residual herbicides

Lolium multiflorum Lam. (annual ryegrass) is a problematic weed species especially in no-tillage systems of the southern region of Buenos Aires province (Argentina). Increasing herbicide resistance cases have exacerbated the problem, requiring alternative control options based on an Integrated Weed Management approach (IWM). Field experiments were conducted in the south area of Buenos Aires province during 2017-2019 in order to evaluate both the suppressive effect of Vicia villosa (hairy vetch) over annual ryegrass when combined with residual herbicides, and the tolerance of the former to such herbicides. Annual ryegrass stand density and biomass at crop termination were reduced from 2 - 98% in response to combined hairy vetch plus herbicide treatments. Among the best chemical options, pyroxasulfone, acetochlor and S-metolachlor should be mentioned, reaching weed biomass control values of 97, 81 and 76%, respectively. Hairy vetch was partially affected by herbicides with a plant stand reduction ≤ 48%. No significant effect on biomass at crop termination was observed, except for diflufenican and trifluralin. The inclusion of hairy vetch as cover crop combined with residual herbicides could be a practical IWM practice for suppression of annual ryegrass populations resistant to ACCase, ALS and EPSPS inhibitors.Lolium multiflorum Lam. (raigrás anual) es una especie de maleza problemática, especialmente en los sistemas de labranza cero en el sur de Buenos Aires (Argentina). El aumento de los casos de resistencia a los herbicidas ha exacerbado el problema, requiriendo opciones de control alternativas basadas en un enfoque de manejo integrado de malezas (MIM). Los experimentos a campo se llevaron a cabo en el área sur de la provincia de Buenos Aires durante 2017-2019 con el fin de evaluar tanto el efecto supresor de Vicia villosa (vicia villosa) sobre raigrás cuando se combinan con herbicidas residuales y la tolerancia de la vicia villosa a tales herbicidas. La densidad de plantas y la biomasa al final del raigrás anual se redujeron del 2 al 98% en respuesta al cultivo de vicia villosa combinado con los tratamientos con herbicidas. Entre las mejores opciones químicas, se debe mencionar a pyroxasulfone, acetochlor y S-metolachlor, alcanzando valores de control de biomasa de raigrás del 97, 81 y 76%, respectivamente. La vicia villosa se vio parcialmente afectada por los herbicidas con una reducción del stand de implantación de ≤ 48%. No se observó ningún efecto significativo sobre la biomasa en el momento de terminación del cultivo, excepto con diflufenican y trifluralina. La inclusión de vicia villosa como cultivo de cobertura combinado con herbicidas residuales podría ser una práctica de MIM para la supresión de poblaciones de raigrás anual resistentes a los inhibidores de ACCase, ALS y EPSPS.EEA Hilario AscasubiFil: Renzi Pugni, Juan Pablo. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Hilario Ascasubi; Argentina.Fil: Renzi Pugni, Juan Pablo. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Departamento de Agronomía; ArgentinaFil: Pérez Aagaard, Cristián. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Departamento de Agronomía; ArgentinaFil: Chantre Balacca, Guillermo Ruben. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Departamento de Agronomía; Argentina.Fil: Chantre Balacca, Guillermo Ruben. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Bahía Blanca. Centro de Recursos Naturales Renovables de la Zona Semiarida; ArgentinaFil: Chantre Balacca, Guillermo Ruben. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Centro de Recursos Naturales Renovables de la Zona Semiarida; ArgentinaFil: Gigón, Ramón. Asesor privado; ArgentinaFil: Reinoso, Omar Juan. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Hilario Ascasubi; ArgentinaFil: Quintana, Matias. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Hilario Ascasubi; ArgentinaFil: Ducos, I. Criadero El Cencerro (Coronel Suárez); ArgentinaFil: Cantamutto, Miguel Angel. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Hilario Ascasubi; Argentina.Fil: Cantamutto, Miguel Angel. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Departamento de Agronomía; ArgentinaFil: Cantamutto, Miguel Angel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Bahía Blanca. Centro de Recursos Naturales Renovables de la Zona Semiarida; ArgentinaFil: Cantamutto, Miguel Angel. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Centro de Recursos Naturales Renovables de la Zona Semiarida; Argentin

Clinical and Functional Characterization of a Patient Carrying a Compound Heterozygous Pericentrin Mutation and a Heterozygous IGF1 Receptor Mutation

Intrauterine and postnatal longitudinal growth is controlled by a strong genetic component that regulates a complex network of endocrine factors integrating them with cellular proliferation, differentiation and apoptotic processes in target tissues, particularly the growth centers of the long bones. Here we report on a patient born small for gestational age (SGA) with severe, proportionate postnatal growth retardation, discreet signs of skeletal dysplasia, microcephaly and moyamoya disease. Initial genetic evaluation revealed a novel heterozygous IGF1R p.Leu1361Arg mutation affecting a highly conserved residue with the insulin-like growth factor type 1 receptor suggestive for a disturbance within the somatotropic axis. However, because the mutation did not co-segregate with the phenotype and functional characterization did not reveal an obvious impairment of the ligand depending major IGF1R signaling capabilities a second-site mutation was assumed. Mutational screening of components of the somatotropic axis, constituents of the IGF signaling system and factors involved in cellular proliferation, which are described or suggested to provoke syndromic dwarfism phenotypes, was performed. Two compound heterozygous PCNT mutations (p.[Arg585X];[Glu1774X]) were identified leading to the specification of the diagnosis to MOPD II. These investigations underline the need for careful assessment of all available information to derive a firm diagnosis from a sequence aberration

Hepatotoxicity and effectiveness of a Nevirapine-based antiretroviral therapy in HIV-infected patients with or without viral hepatitis B or C infection in Cameroon

Background: Coinfection with hepatitis B virus (HBV) or hepatitis C virus (HCV) in HIV-infected patients receiving a commonly used nevirapine-based antiretroviral therapy is a major concern for African clinicians owing to its high prevalence, the infrequent testing and treatment of viral hepatitis, and the impact of liver disease on the tolerability and effectiveness of anti-HIV treatment. We compared the hepatotoxicity and the immunological, virological and clinical effectiveness of a nevirapine-based antiretroviral therapy between patients infected with HIV only and patients coinfected with hepatitis B or C virus in Cameroon. Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted among HIV-1-infected patients. Plasma HBV DNA and HCV RNA were tested in positive or indeterminate samples for HBsAg or HCV antibodies, respectively. All patients received nevirapine and lamivudine plus stavudine or zidovudine. Results: Of 169 HIV-1-infected patients with a median baseline CD4 count of 135 cells/mm(3) (interquartile range [IQR] 67 218), 21% were coinfected with HBV or HCV. In coinfected patients, the median viral load was 2.47 x 107 IU/mL for HBV (IQR 3680-1.59 x 10(8)) and 928 000 IU/mL for HCV (IQR 178 400-2.06 x 10(6)). Multivariate analyses showed that the risk of hepatotoxicity was 2-fold higher in coinfected patients (p < 0.01). The response to antiretroviral therapy was however comparable between monoinfected and coinfected patients in terms of CD4 cell count increase (p = 0.8), HIV-1 viral load below 400 copies/mL (p = 0.9), death (p = 0.3) and death or new AIDS-defining event (p = 0.1). Nevirapine was replaced by a protease inhibitor in 4 patients owing to hepatotoxicity. Conclusion: This study suggests that the nevirapine-based antiretroviral therapy could be used safely as first-line treatment in patients with low CD4 cell count in Africa despite frequent coinfections with HBV or HCV and infrequent testing of these infections. Although testing for HBV and HCV should be systematically performed before initiating antiretroviral therapy, transaminases elevations at baseline or during treatment should be a decisive argument for testing when hepatitis status is unknown

Plant cell culture technology in the cosmetics and food industries : current state and future trends

The production of drugs, cosmetics, and food which are derived from plant cell and tissue cultures has a long tradition. The emerging trend of manufacturing cosmetics and food products in a natural and sustainable manner has brought a new wave in plant cell culture technology over the past 10 years. More than 50 products based on extracts from plant cell cultures have made their way into the cosmetics industry during this time, whereby the majority is produced with plant cell suspension cultures. In addition, the first plant cell culture-based food supplement ingredients, such as Echigena Plus and Teoside 10, are now produced at production scale. In this mini review, we discuss the reasons for and the characteristics as well as the challenges of plant cell culture-based productions for the cosmetics and food industries. It focuses on the current state of the art in this field. In addition, two examples of the latest developments in plant cell culture-based food production are presented, that is, superfood which boosts health and food that can be produced in the lab or at home

Quantum cascade laser frequency stabilisation at the sub-Hz level

Quantum Cascade Lasers (QCL) are increasingly being used to probe the mid-infrared "molecular fingerprint" region. This prompted efforts towards improving their spectral performance, in order to reach ever-higher resolution and precision. Here, we report the stabilisation of a QCL onto an optical frequency comb. We demonstrate a relative stability and accuracy of 2x10-15 and 10-14, respectively. The comb is stabilised to a remote near-infrared ultra-stable laser referenced to frequency primary standards, whose signal is transferred via an optical fibre link. The stability and frequency traceability of our QCL exceed those demonstrated so far by two orders of magnitude. As a demonstration of its capability, we then use it to perform high-resolution molecular spectroscopy. We measure absorption frequencies with an 8x10-13 relative uncertainty. This confirms the potential of this setup for ultra-high precision measurements with molecules, such as our ongoing effort towards testing the parity symmetry by probing chiral species

The disruption of proteostasis in neurodegenerative diseases

Cells count on surveillance systems to monitor and protect the cellular proteome which, besides being highly heterogeneous, is constantly being challenged by intrinsic and environmental factors. In this context, the proteostasis network (PN) is essential to achieve a stable and functional proteome. Disruption of the PN is associated with aging and can lead to and/or potentiate the occurrence of many neurodegenerative diseases (ND). This not only emphasizes the importance of the PN in health span and aging but also how its modulation can be a potential target for intervention and treatment of human diseases.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Aerosol optical properties derived from POLDER-3/PARASOL (2005–2013) over the western Mediterranean Sea – Part 1: Quality assessment with AERONET and in situ airborne observations

International audienceThe western Mediterranean atmosphere is im-pacted by a variety of aerosol sources, producing a complex and variable mixture of natural and anthropogenic particles, with different chemical and physical properties. Satellite sensors provide a useful global coverage of aerosol parameters but through indirect measurements that require careful validation. Here we present the results of a long-term regional scale analysis of the full dataset (March 2005 and Octo-ber 2013) of POLDER-3/PARASOL ocean operational retrievals of the total, fine, and coarse aerosol optical depth (AOD, AOD F , and AOD C), Ångström exponent (AE), and the spherical or non-spherical partition of coarse-mode AOD (AOD CS and AOD CNS), respectively. The evaluation is performed using data from 17 coastal and insular ground-based AERONET sites on one side, and airborne vertical profiles of aerosol extinction and number size distribution obtained by the SAFIRE ATR-42 aircraft operated in the area during summer 2012 and 2013 on the other side. This study provides the first regional evaluation of uncertainties of the POLDER-3 products, and highlights their quality. The POLDER-3 Ångström exponent, representing AOD spectral dependence in link with the aerosol particle size distribution, is biased towards small values. This bias, however, does not prevent using AE for classifying the regional aerosol laden air masses. AOD F corresponds to particles smaller than 0.6-0.8 µm in diameter and appears suitable to monitor the aerosol submicron fraction from space. We also provide an original validation of POLDER-3 AOD C and its spherical or non-spherical partition , which shows agreement within 25 % with AERONET shape retrievals when the aerosol coarse fraction dominates

Suppression of Lolium multiflorum Lam. with Vicia villosa Roth combined with residual herbicides

Lolium multiflorum Lam. (raigrás anual) es una especie de maleza problemática, especialmente en los sistemas de labranza cero en el sur de Buenos Aires (Argentina). El aumento de los casos de resistencia a los herbicidas ha exacerbado el problema, requiriendo opciones de control alternativas basadas en un enfoque de manejo integrado de malezas (MIM). Los experimentos a campo se llevaron a cabo en el área sur de la provincia de Buenos Aires durante 2017-2019 con el fin de evaluar tanto el efecto supresor de Vicia villosa (vicia villosa) sobre raigrás cuando se combinan con herbicidas residuales y la tolerancia de la vicia villosa a tales herbicidas. La densidad de plantas y la biomasa al final del raigrás anual se redujeron del 2 al 98% en respuesta al cultivo de vicia villosa combinado con los tratamientos con herbicidas. Entre las mejores opciones químicas, se debe mencionar a pyroxasulfone, acetochlor y S-metolachlor, alcanzando valores de control de biomasa de raigrás del 97, 81 y 76%, respectivamente. La vicia villosa se vio parcialmente afectada por los herbicidas con una reducción del stand de implantación de ≤ 48%. No se observó ningún efecto significativo sobre la biomasa en el momento de terminación del cultivo, excepto con diflufenican y trifluralina. La inclusión de vicia villosa como cultivo de cobertura combinado con herbicidas residuales podría ser una práctica de MIM para la supresión de poblaciones de raigrás anual resistentes a los inhibidores de ACCase, ALS y EPSPS

A mobile system combining lidar and sunphotometer on-road measurements: description and first results

International audienc