Indicadores para a avaliação da disponibilidade hídrica para o desenvolvimento sustentável da atividade canavieira irrigada.

Para a racionalização do uso dos recursos hídricos e promoção do desenvolvimento sustentável da atividade canavieira na região Centro-Oeste torna-se importante o desenvolvimento de procedimentos metodológicos que possam fornecer subsídios técnicos para o planejamento e gestão setorial - agricultura e recursos hídricos. O presente trabalho apresenta dois indicadores concebidos para a avaliação do potencial da disponibilidade hídrica para atender a demanda projetada de água para o desenvolvimento da atividade canavieira

Análise da intensificação da agricultura no Mato Grosso à partir de dados TRMM 3B42 e de series temporais MODIS/EVI.

The Brazilian state of Mato Grosso (southern Amazonia) is one of the main national producer of agricultural products such as soybean, cotton and corn. After having based its development on the expansion of arable lands through deforestation for thrity years, the agricultural sector is now increasing its productive potential through the adoption of new agricultural management practices such as double cropping systems. Remote sensing tehcniques such as classification of MODIS/TERRA EVI times series are efficient tools for monitoring this phenomena. It appears that double cropping systems with wo comercial crops (soybean and corn or soybean and cotton) improved from 6% to 26% of the total cultivated area in Mato Grosso between 2000- 2001 and 2006-2007 harvests. However, when studying at a county level, those rates vary from 1 to more than 50%, attesting that it exists a strong spatial variability concerning the application of this agricultural management practice. It is argued that this rate is in part drove by the importance of total agricultural areas in a place and by pluviometric conditions. This hypothesis is confirmed by crossing MODIS data with rainfall data. These data are issue from the TRMM 3B42 products, which are computed into parameters such as duration, onset, end of the rain season and total annual rainfalls. Those parameters are found to explain 42% of the spatial variability of the application of double cropping systems in Mato Grosso. O objetivo deste artigo é de mapear as áreas cultivadas com duas safras e de estimar se o grau de intensificação encontrado em uma área pode ser relacionado às condições pluviométricas

Sistema de indicadores para a avaliação da sustentabilidade hídrica da atividade canaviera.

O objetivo deste trabalho é apresentar um estudo de caso realizado na Bacia Hidrográfica do Rio Verde (BHRV) para demonstrar a aplicabilidade do Sistema de Indicadores - SISHidro-Cana - para a avaliação da sustentabilidade hídrica da cultura canavieira, proposta por Ferraz (2012), como uma metodologia para avaliar a disponibilidade de água de bacias hidrográficas para subsidiar a proposição de políticas setoriais, ordenação territorial, planejamento agrícola e gestão dos recursos hídricos

Особенности развития гаптофитовых и динофитовых водорослей в олигоценовых бассейнах Северного Перитетиса

На основании изучения наннопланктона и диноцист проведены палеоэкологические реконструкции разных типов олигоценовых бассейнов Северного Перитетиса. Установлены ассоциации фитопланктона морских глубоководных, мелководных, относительно холодно- и тепловодных, а также лагунных палеобассейнов. Гаптофитовые (наннопланктон) присутствуют только в карбонатных прослоях пород, наиболее благоприятные условия для их развития были в Карпатском бассейне кросненского типа, в бассейнах самого раннего рюпеля Германии и юга Украины. Диноцисты представлены во всех типах олигоценовых бассейнов. Установлены корреляционные уровни по нанно- и динопланктону, позволяющие обосновать нижнюю и верхнюю границы олигоцена и уровень опреснения в середине рюпеля.Вивчення нанопланктону та диноцист з різних типів олігоценових басейнів Північного Перитетіса дозволило провести палеоекологічні реконструкції. Встановлені асоціації фітопланктону морських глибоководних, прибережно-мілководних відносно холодно- и тепловодних, лагунних, напівізольованих з ендеміками. Нанопланктон виявлено лише в карбонатних прошарках, найбільш сприятливі умови для його розвитку були у Карпатському басейні кросненського типу, у самому ранньому рюпелі Німеччини та півдня України. Диноцисти виявлені у всіх типах олігоценових басейнів. Встановлені корелятивні рівні за нано- та динопланктоном, які дозволяють обґрунтувати нижню і верхню границі олігоцену та рівень розпріснення в середині рюпелю.A study of nannofossils and dinocysts from different types of Oligocene basins of the Northern Peri-Thetys resulted in paleoecological reconstructions. The following phytoplankton associations were recognized: cold-water; littoral shallow-water relatively cold- and warm-water; lagoon; semi-isolated with endemics. Nannofossils were present in carbonaceous sediments, with more favorable conditions for them being in the Carpathian basin of Krosnensky type, in the earliest Rupelian of Germany and Southern Ukraine. Dinocysts were identified in all types of Oligocene basins. Correlation levels identified by nannofossils and dinocysts allowed us to substantiate the lower and upper Oligocene boundaries and degree of desalination in the Middle Rupelian

Asymmetric Synthesis of Cyclohexene Nucleoside Analogues

The asymmetric synthesis of novel cyclohexene nucleoside analogues 12 and 15 is described. An enantiospecific DielsAlder reaction between (E,E)-diene 2 and (+)-5-(D-mentyloxy)-2(5H)- furanone 3 provided the cycloadduct isomer 4. Three additional steps yielded amine 8 allowing the constructions of the thymine and adenine moieties to afford intermediates 11 and 14, respectively. Amination or cyclization and removal of the protecting groups occurred in one step in the presence of ammonia, giving the target six-membered ring nucleosides

Variação temporal da biomassa do café arábica arborizado e a pleno sol, através de índices de vegetação.

Abstract. In recent years, several works have been accomplished in order to analyze the spectral response of coffee crop fields cultivated in full sun. However, the number of papers related to the monitoring of shaded coffee systems is reduced although this kind of cultivation is very important from the perspective of climate change and agriculture. In addition, the biomass of coffee systems can store carbon, which is a mitigation action. In this context, this paper presents the assessment of the meteorological variation joined with the biomass increase in three different coffee plantation systems: full sun, shaded coffee associated with legumes (SAF), and shaded coffee with Macadamia trees. We used Landsat-5 images from 2004 to 2010, and the NDVI and SAVI indexes. LAI index measured in the test area during all 2009 year. The results showed that the shaded coffee systems presented the NDVI and SAVI indexes with higher values than those found with the system of planting in full sun what corroborates the idea of greater amount of biomass in this type of planting. All indexes present the seasonal rain variation. One month after a large period of drought the indexes NDVI, SAVI and LAI decrease. The NDVI and SAVI indexes presented high correlation with the measured LAI. The shaded coffee system and the full sun coffee reached high vegetation indexes what indicate a high concentration of biomass. This factor should be considered in the decision making process since is important to take advantage of cultivation systems acting as carbon sinks.SBSR 2011

Optical performance of the JWST MIRI flight model: characterization of the point spread function at high-resolution

The Mid Infra Red Instrument (MIRI) is one of the four instruments onboard the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST), providing imaging, coronagraphy and spectroscopy over the 5-28 microns band. To verify the optical performance of the instrument, extensive tests were performed at CEA on the flight model (FM) of the Mid-InfraRed IMager (MIRIM) at cryogenic temperatures and in the infrared. This paper reports on the point spread function (PSF) measurements at 5.6 microns, the shortest operating wavelength for imaging. At 5.6 microns the PSF is not Nyquist-sampled, so we use am original technique that combines a microscanning measurement strategy with a deconvolution algorithm to obtain an over-resolved MIRIM PSF. The microscanning consists in a sub-pixel scan of a point source on the focal plane. A data inversion method is used to reconstruct PSF images that are over-resolved by a factor of 7 compared to the native resolution of MIRI. We show that the FWHM of the high-resolution PSFs were 5-10% wider than that obtained with Zemax simulations. The main cause was identified as an out-of-specification tilt of the M4 mirror. After correction, two additional test campaigns were carried out, and we show that the shape of the PSF is conform to expectations. The FWHM of the PSFs are 0.18-0.20 arcsec, in agreement with simulations. 56.1-59.2% of the total encircled energy (normalized to a 5 arcsec radius) is contained within the first dark Airy ring, over the whole field of view. At longer wavelengths (7.7-25.5 microns), this percentage is 57-68%. MIRIM is thus compliant with the optical quality requirements. This characterization of the MIRIM PSF, as well as the deconvolution method presented here, are of particular importance, not only for the verification of the optical quality and the MIRI calibration, but also for scientific applications.Comment: 13 pages, submitted to SPIE Proceedings vol. 7731, Space Telescopes and Instrumentation 2010: Optical, Infrared, and Millimeter Wav