Hypothéquer sa santé dentaire pour avoir une bonne haleine? Plusieurs rince-bouches sont suffisamment acides pour déminéraliser l'émail

Affiche présentée dans le cadre du Colloque de l'ARC, «La relève scientifique et la recherche collégiale : pratiques inspirantes au regard des chercheuses et chercheurs, et enjeux spécifiques à la formation des étudiantes et étudiants», dans le cadre du 84e Congrès de l'Acfas, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, le 10 mai 2016.Le public se préoccupe grandement de l’esthétique buccodentaire, tant et si bien que l’industrie propose quasi chaque semaine de nouveaux produits. La panoplie de rince-bouches, la publicité omniprésente, la méconnaissance des agents médicinaux et non médicinaux des produits ainsi que de leurs effets potentiels font en sorte que la population utilise ces rince-bouches sans connaître les risques auxquels elle s’expose. Le Groupe de recherche et d’éducation en hygiène dentaire (GREHD), une équipe multidisciplinaire, a testé plus de 200 produits de rinçage buccal. L’étude vise à analyser les ingrédients que les fabricants déclarent ainsi qu’à mesurer leur potentiel d’hydrogène (pH) en utilisant un protocole de Santé Canada. Des agents potentiellement nocifs pour la dentition ont été découverts tel l’acide citrique, qui augmente le risque d’hypersensibilité dentinaire. D’autres présentent un danger pour la santé générale, tels que des dérivés de l’aspirine pouvant causer des réactions allergiques. Ainsi, le pH obtenu des différents produits s’étend de 2,53 à 9,58. Environ 70 % d’entre eux présentent un pH inférieur à 5,5, soit le seuil critique sous lequel l’émail naturel commence à se déminéraliser. Les résultats de cette étude permanente sont accessibles à la communauté des professionnels, des chercheuses et chercheurs ainsi que des étudiantes et étudiants en hygiène dentaire sur le site Web interactif du GREHD

Aragonite toothpaste for management of dental calculus: A double-blinded randomized controlled clinical trial

Objectives: Aragonite from animal origin such as cuttlefish bone powder is an abrasive with hardness properties ideal for calculus removal. The purpose of this randomized controlled trial was to test the efficacy of a cuttlebone-derived aragonite toothpaste in removing dental calculus. Materials and Methods: Eighty-one patients who fulfilled the inclusion criteria were blindly and randomly assigned into two study groups. The intervention treatment group (n = 40) received cuttlebone toothpaste (Dr. D-Tart) and the control group (n = 41) received an off-the-shelf commercial toothpaste (Crest). Evaluations were performed before and after scaling and polishing procedures done at 3 months in order to evaluate the toothpaste's ability to remove calculus and to prevent calculus formation. Calculus, stains, plaque, and gingival indices scores, and patient satisfaction surveys were compared at baseline (first visit), 3, and 9 months, using generalized linear models and Wald's χ2 test. Results: At the end of the 3-month period, the intervention group showed a 30% reduction in total calculus compared to the baseline score (p =.0006) and 45% less total calculus compared to the control group (p =.0001). Six months after scaling, the mean calculus score for Crest users was 42% higher than that for Dr. D-Tart users (p =.0692). There was a significant improvement in the gingival health of cuttlebone toothpaste users at the observed intervals, and both kinds of toothpaste achieved comparable results in terms of plaque and stains removal. Conclusions: Aragonite toothpaste can remove calculus, prevent calculus formation, and improve gingival health. Patients are generally satisfied with the performance of the aragonite toothpaste. Clinical significance: Animal-derived aragonite toothpaste (Dr. D-Tart) shows promising efficacy in removing calculus, preventing calculus formation, and for the improvement of gingival health. Clinical trial ID: A08-M35-16B.The authors acknowledge Hassan Sbayte for his help in organizing the data. We also thank the following funding agencies for supporting this research:study: MEDTEQ, MITACS, and Visionaturolab Inc

Mutations in Eml1 lead to ectopic progenitors and neuronal heterotopia in mouse and human.

Neuronal migration disorders such as lissencephaly and subcortical band heterotopia are associated with epilepsy and intellectual disability. DCX, PAFAH1B1 and TUBA1A are mutated in these disorders; however, corresponding mouse mutants do not show heterotopic neurons in the neocortex. In contrast, spontaneously arisen HeCo mice display this phenotype, and our study revealed that misplaced apical progenitors contribute to heterotopia formation. While HeCo neurons migrated at the same speed as wild type, abnormally distributed dividing progenitors were found throughout the cortical wall from embryonic day 13. We identified Eml1, encoding a microtubule-associated protein, as the gene mutated in HeCo mice. Full-length transcripts were lacking as a result of a retrotransposon insertion in an intron. Eml1 knockdown mimicked the HeCo progenitor phenotype and reexpression rescued it. We further found EML1 to be mutated in ribbon-like heterotopia in humans. Our data link abnormal spindle orientations, ectopic progenitors and severe heterotopia in mouse and human

L'évolution récente des crues de la Vilaine : le rôle des précipitations et de l'occupation du sol du bassin versant

International audienc

Apports de la télédétection en hydrologie

Séminaires de l'UMR 6554 CNRS , LET

Water-Energy Capital: sustainability implications through the implementation of water allocation in TIAM-FR energy model

avec actes (modifier ultérieurement)International audienceWater and energy represent joint productions that support human welfare. We need water to produce energy and we use energy to clean and transport water. To deal with the anthropogenic pressure and climate changes, long-term solutions to water scarcity and energy demand needs to be developed. Studying the interconnections between water and energy sectors allows us to analyze and developing such strategies. The main aim of the study was first to estimate the exploitation, regeneration and management of water resources over long term horizons, and thereafter to anticipate or forecast development of the energy system under constrained water consumption to guarantee sufficient supply, regeneration and conservation. For this purpose we discuss the concept of Water-Energy Capital (WEC). It is adapted from the Natural Capital concept, with a view to creating economic incentives for water-energy nexus. The WEC is defined as a water sustainable consumption indicator through time, and enables us to estimate the energy footprint of water uses. Water allocation issues were implemented in the TIAM-FR energy system model, which is an bottom-up model offers a technology-rich representation of the energy systems in 15 regions of the world. It considers the long-term development of the energy system. All water uses were integrated in terms of a Water Reference Energy System detailing water consumption levels by different technologies. The proposed TIAM-FR model was used to optimize water allocation considering of opportunities for water reuse or non-conventional water use and to estimate the WEC. As the prospective model considers emissions of greenhouse gases, it may also be used to project the development of the energy systems and water allocation under the constraints of climate goals. Furthermore, constrains on water availability, water pricing, and energetic costs are also taken into account. Implementing water allocation in the TIAM-FR energy model has some sustainability implications. We determine an ecological economics framework in order to define the assumptions of our new concept of Water-Energy Capital (WEC). We develop long-term water-energy foresight exercises to assess an optimal "water-energy" mix through economical, social, and environmental points of view. Water pricing and allocation might be explored in a win-win strategy to estimate the costs and profits from the exploitation and conservation of water resources

Implementing water allocation in the TIAM-FR energy model

International audienceOver the past ten years, a conscious concerning the energy sector has increased: we must face a depletion of fossil resources, increase the efficiency of current technologies, and develop new technologies to reduce environmental impacts. The energy sector is increasingly constrained and faces numerous challenges. The same applies to water supply, with growing concern about the availability and the sustainability of water resources.Water and energy are both considered as strategic issues in our societies. Even though policies related to these resources generally dealt with separately, they are highly interconnected. Indeed, energy is required to maintain water supplies and water is essential to produce energy.Although water use in the industry sector only represents 10% of the total use in low and middle-income countries, water use for energy can be close to 60% of the total use of water in high-income countries like France (57%) and the United States (40%). For upstream chain energy activities or cooling systems necessary for the production of electricity, huge quantities of water may be used: one part is consumed, the other is returned to the source.The selection of technologies used in the energy sector may have a large impact on water. So, in the context of a growing world population, leading to increasing demands and competition for water and energy, it is vital to develop long-term strategic policies that consider the interconnections between the water and energy sectors. The current environmental approach in energy issues mainly focuses on the reduction of greenhouse gases emissions and seldom considers the impact on water. Issues such as the amount of water dedicated to the production of energy and the alteration of its quality are rarely considered. For example, carbon capture and storage systems (CCS) or flue gas desulfurization (FGD) are, on the one hand, answers to air pollution issues but, on the other hand, worsen the water stress as they require large inputs of water; a trade-off between those two issues has to be made.The main aim of this study is to show how issues concerning water consumption and water withdrawal can be incorporated into energy system models, thereby facilitating discussions about possible futures concerning both aspects

Modeling water and energy interactions in the long run

International audienc