Медиаторные взаимодействия при остром респираторном дистресс-синдроме

The review of literature covers the interaction of numerous mediators that are initiators and major motive forces of the occurrence and development of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). The major mediator families include cytokines, mediators of lipid origin, components of the extracellular matrix, mediators of the oxidative and antioxidative systems, proteinases, and components of the coagulation system. The representatives of each of the above families play an important role at each developmental stage of ARDS: an increase in the permeability of pulmonary capillaries, chemotaxis of neutrophilic granulocytes, macrophages, and lymphocytes, secondary damage to endotheliocytes, pulmonary epithelium and surfactant, occurrence of pulmonary hypertension, and development of pulmonary fibrosis in late-stage ARDS. The intensity of clinical manifestations depends on the interaction between pro- and anti-inflammatory mediators, which starts at the earliest stages of their development. Searches for specific antagonists of proinflammatory mediators and their receptors were noted to be of importance for further clinical application and, first all, development of more effective treatments for ARDS. В обзоре литературы освещены вопросы взаимодействия многочисленных медиаторов, являющихся инициаторами и основными движущими стимулами возникновения и развития острого респираторного дистресс-синдрома. Основные семейства медиаторов включают цитокины, медиаторы липидного происхождения, компоненты внеклеточного матрик-са, медиаторы оксидантной и антиоксидантной систем, протеиназы и компоненты системы свертывания. Представители каждого из указанных семейств играют важную роль на каждом из этапов развития ОРДС: повышение проницаемости легочных капилляров, хемотаксис нейтрофильных гранулоцитов, макрофагов и лимфоцитов, вторичное повреждение эндотелиоцитов, легочного эпителия и сурфактанта, возникновение легочной гипертензии, а также развитие легочного фиброза в завершающей стадии ОРДС. Интенсивность клинических проявлений зависит от взаимодействия между про- и противовоспалительными медиаторами, начинающегося на самых ранних этапах их развития. Отмечена важная роль поиска специфических антагонистов провоспалительных медиаторов и их рецепторов для дальнейшего использования в клинической практике и, прежде всего, для разработки новых, более эффективных методов лечения ОРДС.

Mechanism of protecting forest and land resources of ukraine from illegal amber mining: legal aspect

Mechanism of protecting forest and land resources of ukraine from illegal amber mining: legal aspect / A. O. Bulgakov, V. O. Ivantsov, V. S. Makarenko, K. O. Dubova, S. M. Klimova // Naukovyi Visnyk Natsionalnoho Hirnychoho Universytetu. – 2022. - № 1. – Р. 83-87. – DOI: https://doi.org/10.33271/nvngu/2022-1/083Встановлено, що під кримінально-правову охорону ст. 240-1 КК України підпадають суспільні відносини щодо охорони й раціонального використання ресурсів бурштину, лісових і земельних ресурсів. При цьому перші становлять основний безпосередній об’єкт злочину, другі – є безпосередніми додатковими об’єк тами цього злочину. Встановлено коло предметів цього злочину – бурштин, лісові та земельні ресурси. Встановлено конкуренцію норм ст. ст. 240-1 і 245 і ст. ст. 240-1 та 239 КК УкраїниIt is established that the object of the crime under Article 240-1 of the Criminal Code includes the main direct object – public relations for the protection and rational use of amber resources and two direct additional objects of crime: public relations for the protection and rational use of forest and land resources. It is determined that damage to forests due to illegal amber mining must be further qualified under Part 1 of Article 245 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine if illegal mining is carried out in a generally dangerous manner. This crime must be further qualified under Part 1 of Article 239 of the Criminal code of Ukraine if illegal extraction of amber is carried out with violation of special rules of treatment of substances, waste or other materials.Установлено, что под уголовно-правовую охрану ст. 240-1 УК Украины подпадают общественные отношения по охране и рациональному использованию ресурсов янтаря, лесных и земельных ресурсов. При этом первые составляют основной непосредственный объект преступления, вторые – являются непосредственными дополнительными объектами этого преступления. Установлен круг предметов этого преступления – янтарь, лесные и земельные ресурсы. Установлена конкуренция норм ст. ст. 240-1 и 245 и ст. ст. 240-1 и 239 УК Украин

The genetic history of admixture across inner Eurasia

This is the author accepted manuscript. The final version is available from Nature Research via the DOI in this record.Data Availability. Genome-wide sequence data of two Botai individuals (BAM format) are available at the European Nucleotide Archive under the accession number PRJEB31152 (ERP113669). Eigenstrat format array genotype data of 763 present-day individuals and 1240K pulldown genotype data of two ancient Botai individuals are available at the Edmond data repository of the Max Planck Society (https://edmond.mpdl.mpg.de/imeji/collection/Aoh9c69DscnxSNjm?q=).The indigenous populations of inner Eurasia, a huge geographic region covering the central Eurasian steppe and the northern Eurasian taiga and tundra, harbor tremendous diversity in their genes, cultures and languages. In this study, we report novel genome-wide data for 763 individuals from Armenia, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Moldova, Mongolia, Russia, Tajikistan, Ukraine, and Uzbekistan. We furthermore report additional damage-reduced genome-wide data of two previously published individuals from the Eneolithic Botai culture in Kazakhstan (~5,400 BP). We find that present-day inner Eurasian populations are structured into three distinct admixture clines stretching between various western and eastern Eurasian ancestries, mirroring geography. The Botai and more recent ancient genomes from Siberia show a decrease in contribution from so-called “ancient North Eurasian” ancestry over time, detectable only in the northern-most “forest-tundra” cline. The intermediate “steppe-forest” cline descends from the Late Bronze Age steppe ancestries, while the “southern steppe” cline further to the South shows a strong West/South Asian influence. Ancient genomes suggest a northward spread of the southern steppe cline in Central Asia during the first millennium BC. Finally, the genetic structure of Caucasus populations highlights a role of the Caucasus Mountains as a barrier to gene flow and suggests a post-Neolithic gene flow into North Caucasus populations from the steppe.Max Planck SocietyEuropean Research Council (ERC)Russian Foundation for Basic Research (RFBR)Russian Scientific FundNational Science FoundationU.S. National Institutes of HealthAllen Discovery CenterUniversity of OstravaCzech Ministry of EducationXiamen UniversityFundamental Research Funds for the Central UniversitiesMES R

The formation of human populations in South and Central Asia

By sequencing 523 ancient humans, we show that the primary source of ancestry in modern South Asians is a prehistoric genetic gradient between people related to early hunter-gatherers of Iran and Southeast Asia. After the Indus Valley Civilization’s decline, its people mixed with individuals in the southeast to form one of the two main ancestral populations of South Asia, whose direct descendants live in southern India. Simultaneously, they mixed with descendants of Steppe pastoralists who, starting around 4000 years ago, spread via Central Asia to form the other main ancestral population. The Steppe ancestry in South Asia has the same profile as that in Bronze Age Eastern Europe, tracking a movement of people that affected both regions and that likely spread the distinctive features shared between Indo-Iranian and Balto-Slavic languages

Как придать импульс развитию российской экономики: приоритеты действий (предложения к Основным направлениям деятельности Правительства РФ до 2024 г.)

This report was prepared by the staff of the Institute for Economic Forecast of the Russian Academy of Sciences and the Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation. It gives suggestions to implement priority measures to facilitate the transfer the Russian economy to the direction defined by the Decree of the President of the Russian Federation (est. May 7, 2018). The report also highlights priority directions of the economic policy, primarily in investment activity, development of the domestic market, as well as financial and organizational support for the suggested actions.В докладе, подготовленном сотрудниками Института народнохозяйственного прогнозирования РАН и Финансового университета при Правительстве Российской Федерации, представлены предложения по первоочередным мерам, способствующим переводу российской экономики на траекторию, определенную Указом Президента Российской Федерации от 07.05.2018. Выделены приоритетные направления  экономической политики, прежде всего, в инвестиционной деятельности, развитии внутреннего рынка, а также финансового и организационного обеспечения предлагаемых мер

Same data, different conclusions: Radical dispersion in empirical results when independent analysts operationalize and test the same hypothesis

In this crowdsourced initiative, independent analysts used the same dataset to test two hypotheses regarding the effects of scientists’ gender and professional status on verbosity during group meetings. Not only the analytic approach but also the operationalizations of key variables were left unconstrained and up to individual analysts. For instance, analysts could choose to operationalize status as job title, institutional ranking, citation counts, or some combination. To maximize transparency regarding the process by which analytic choices are made, the analysts used a platform we developed called DataExplained to justify both preferred and rejected analytic paths in real time. Analyses lacking sufficient detail, reproducible code, or with statistical errors were excluded, resulting in 29 analyses in the final sample. Researchers reported radically different analyses and dispersed empirical outcomes, in a number of cases obtaining significant effects in opposite directions for the same research question. A Boba multiverse analysis demonstrates that decisions about how to operationalize variables explain variability in outcomes above and beyond statistical choices (e.g., covariates). Subjective researcher decisions play a critical role in driving the reported empirical results, underscoring the need for open data, systematic robustness checks, and transparency regarding both analytic paths taken and not taken. Implications for organizations and leaders, whose decision making relies in part on scientific findings, consulting reports, and internal analyses by data scientists, are discussed

Mediator Interactions in Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome

The review of literature covers the interaction of numerous mediators that are initiators and major motive forces of the occurrence and development of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). The major mediator families include cytokines, mediators of lipid origin, components of the extracellular matrix, mediators of the oxidative and antioxidative systems, proteinases, and components of the coagulation system. The representatives of each of the above families play an important role at each developmental stage of ARDS: an increase in the permeability of pulmonary capillaries, chemotaxis of neutrophilic granulocytes, macrophages, and lymphocytes, secondary damage to endotheliocytes, pulmonary epithelium and surfactant, occurrence of pulmonary hypertension, and development of pulmonary fibrosis in late-stage ARDS. The intensity of clinical manifestations depends on the interaction between pro- and anti-inflammatory mediators, which starts at the earliest stages of their development. Searches for specific antagonists of proinflammatory mediators and their receptors were noted to be of importance for further clinical application and, first all, development of more effective treatments for ARDS

Aggressive and nonaggressive translocation t(6;11) renal cell carcinoma: comparative study of 6 cases and review of the literature.

t(6;11) renal cell carcinoma (RCC) has been recognized as a rare and mostly nonaggressive tumor (NAT). The criteria for distinguishing aggressive tumors (AT) from NATs are not well established. A total of 6 cases were selected for the study. Five cases of t(6;11) RCCs behaved nonaggressively, and 1 was carcinoma with aggressive behavior. The tumors were analyzed morphologically using immunohistochemistry and by molecular-genetic methods. The specimen of aggressive t(6;11) RCC was from a 77-year-old woman who died of the disease 2.5 months after diagnosis. The specimens of nonaggressive t(6;11) RCCs were from 3 women and 2 men whose ages range between 15 and 54 years. Follow-up was available in all cases (2.5 months-8 years). The tumor size ranged from 3 to 14 cm in nonaggressive t(6;11) RCC. In the aggressive carcinoma, the tumor size was 12 cm. All tumors (6/6) were well circumscribed. Aggressive t(6;11) RCC was widely necrotic. Six (100%) of 6 all tumors displayed a solid/alveolar architecture with occasional tubules and pseudorosettes. Pseudopapillary formations lined by bizarre polymorphic cells were found focally in the aggressive t(6;11) RCC case. Mitoses, though rare, were found as well. All cases (AT and NAT) were positive for HMB-45, Melan-A, Cathepsin K, and cytokeratins. CD117 positivity was seen in 4 of 5 NATs, as well as in the primary and metastatic lesions of the AT. mTOR was positive in 2 of 5 NATs and vimentin in 4 of 5 NATs. Vimentin was negative in the primary lesion of the AT, as well as in the metastasis found in the adrenal gland. Translocation t(6;11)(Alpha-TFEB) or TFEB break was detected in 4 of 5 NATs and in the AT case. Aggressive tumor showed amplification of TFEB locus. Losses of part of chromosome 1 and chromosome 22 were found in 1 of 5 NATs and in the AT. CONCLUSIONS: (1) Aggressive t(6;11) RCCs generally occur in the older population in comparison with their indolent counterparts. (2) In regard to the histologic findings in ATs, 3 of 5 so far published cases were morphologically not typical for t(6;11) RCC. Of the 3 cases, 2 cases lacked a small cell component and 1 closely mimicked clear cell-type RCC. (3) Necroses were only present in aggressive t(6;11) RCC. (4) Amplification of TFEB locus was also found only in the aggressive t(6;11) RCC