Efeito da fertilização mineral fosfatada na partição das formas de fósforo num Regossolo

PTDC/AGR-PRO/112127/2009: Fitodisponibilidade e riscos ambientais do fósforo aplicado por via de chorumes de pecuária intensiva em solos portugueses.O conhecimento da partição do P no solo por diferentes formas com distinta labilidade, ajuda a perceber a dinâmica do P não só relativamente à sua fitodisponibilidade, como também a riscos de transferência para as águas com consequências negativas na eutrofização. Neste trabalho, efetuou-se a caracterização das formas de P presentes num Regossolo e, após uma adubação mineral fosfatada, avaliou-se o seu efeito sobre a fitodisponibilidade e partição das formas de fósforo. Os resultados obtidos contribuirão para uma melhor gestão do P no solo.FC

Ciclo do fósforo em agroecossistemas: Efeito da fertilização fosfatada com adubos minerais ou com resíduos orgânicos de pecuária

Comunicação oral da qual só está disponível o resumo.Ciclo do fósforo em agroecossistemas: Efeito da fertilização fosfatada com adubos minerais ou com resíduos orgânicos de pecuária.Trabalho financiado pelo projeto FCT PTDC/AGRPRO/ 112127/2009, “Assessment of phosphorus bioavailability from animal manures applied to Portuguese soils and site vulnerability to phosphorus losses”, 2011-2013

Fertilizantes orgânicos : efeito na fertilidade do solo e na produção de azevém

Fertilizantes orgânicos : efeito na fertilidade do solo e na produção de azevém

Animal manures applied to soil: phosphorus bioavailability, losses to water and erosion

Comunicação oral da qual só está disponível o resumo.Phosphorus (P) is a non renewable resource which highlights the significance of developing and using alternative sources of P for a sustainable agriculture. Animal manure is an option but its application to soils to meet crop nitrogen needs requires careful management practices to minimize freshwater eutrophication. The aim of this work was to evaluate the partitioning of applied P between plant uptake, losses to water, and erosion losses when using different animal manures and a mineral P fertilizer. A field trial was conducted at an erosion experimental station. The treatments were: Control (0 kg P/ha); cattle manure; solid fraction of pig and duck slurry and superphosphate, each applied at a rate of 50 kg P/ha after Lolium sp was sown. Soil samples from each trial were collected over the 9-month study and the water extractable soil P determined. It was found that desorption of P from all additions rapidly increased soon after P application (2 weeks). After that water extractable soil P remained fairly constant. While duck slurry desorbed the largest concentration of P, all sources have the potential to desorb P that could accelerate eutrophication. Plant uptake of P was greater with cattle manure added and released the least amount of P to water compared with the other sources of P. The partitioning of applied P between plant uptake and losses to runoff and sediments ranged between 5-12 % with the higher values in Duck treatment. Animal manures significantly increased soil Olsen-P, plant production and P uptake relative to mineral fertilizer. Animal manures can be considered as a source of available P nevertheless to avoid eutrophication risks increase plant P use efficiency is also important

Insulin therapy modulates mitochondrial dynamics and biogenesis, autophagy and tau protein phosphorylation in the brain of type 1 diabetic rats

AbstractThe main purpose of this study was to examine whether streptozotocin (STZ)-induced type 1 diabetes (T1D) and insulin (INS) treatment affect mitochondrial function, fission/fusion and biogenesis, autophagy and tau protein phosphorylation in cerebral cortex from diabetic rats treated or not with INS. No significant alterations were observed in mitochondrial function as well as pyruvate levels, despite the significant increase in glucose levels observed in INS-treated diabetic rats. A significant increase in DRP1 protein phosphorylated at Ser616 residue was observed in the brain cortex of STZ rats. Also an increase in NRF2 protein levels and in the number of copies of mtDNA were observed in STZ diabetic rats, these alterations being normalized by INS. A slight decrease in LC3-II levels was observed in INS-treated rats when compared to STZ diabetic animals. An increase in tau protein phosphorylation at Ser396 residue was observed in STZ diabetic rats while INS treatment partially reversed that effect. Accordingly, a modest reduction in the activation of GSK3β and a significant increase in the activity of phosphatase 2A were found in INS-treated rats when compared to STZ diabetic animals. No significant alterations were observed in caspases 9 and 3 activity and synaptophysin and PSD95 levels. Altogether our results show that mitochondrial alterations induced by T1D seem to involve compensation mechanisms since no significant changes in mitochondrial function and synaptic integrity were observed in diabetic animals. In addition, INS treatment is able to normalize the alterations induced by T1D supporting the importance of INS signaling in the brain

Genome-wide identification, characterization and expression profiling of the ubiquitin-proteasome genes in biomphalaria glabrata

Biomphalaria glabrata is the major species used for the study of schistosomiasis-related parasite-host relationships, and understanding its gene regulation may aid in this endeavor. The ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) performs post-translational regulation in order to maintain cellular protein homeostasis and is related to several mechanisms, including immune responses. The aims of this work were to identify and characterize the putative genes and proteins involved in UPS using bioinformatic tools and also their expression on different tissues of B. glabrata. The putative genes and proteins of UPS in B. glabrata were predicted using BLASTp and as queries reference proteins from model organism. We characterized these putative proteins using PFAM and CDD software describing the conserved domains and active sites. The phylogenetic analysis was performed using ClustalX2 and MEGA5.2. Expression evaluation was performed from 12 snail tissues using RPKM. 119 sequences involved in the UPS in B. glabrata were identified, which 86 have been related to the ubiquitination pathway and 33 to proteasome. In addition, the conserved domains found were associated with the ubiquitin family, UQ_con, HECT, U-box and proteasome. The main active sites were lysine and cysteine residues. Lysines are responsible and the starting point for the formation of polyubiquitin chains, while the cysteine residues of the enzymes are responsible for binding to ubiquitin. The phylogenetic analysis showed an organized distribution between the organisms and the clades of the sequences, corresponding to the tree of life of the animals, for all groups of sequences analyzed. The ubiquitin sequence was the only one with a high expression profile found in all libraries, inferring its wide range of performance. Our results show the presence, conservation and expression profile of the UPS in this mollusk, providing a basis and new knowledge for other studies involving this system. Due to the importance of the UPS and B. glabrata, this work may influence the search for new methodologies for the control of schistosomiasis114CONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICO - CNPQ479890/2013-

Structural signatures of water-soluble organic aerosols in contrasting environments in South America and Western Europe

This study describes and compares the key structural units present in water-soluble organic carbon (WSOC) fraction of atmospheric aerosols collected in different South American (Colombia – Medellín and Bogotá, Peru – Lima, Argentina – Buenos Aires, and Brazil – Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo, and Porto Velho, during moderate (MBB) and intense (IBB) biomass burning) and Western European (Portugal – Aveiro and Lisbon) locations. Proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) spectroscopy was employed to assess the relative distribution of non-exchangeable proton functional groups in aerosol WSOC of diverse origin, for the first time to the authors’ knowledge in South America. The relative contribution of the proton functional groups was in the order H-C > H–C–C= > H-C-O > Ar-H, except in Porto Velho during MBB, Medellín, Bogotá, and Buenos Aires, for which the relative contribution of H-C-O was higher than that of H-C-C=. The 1H NMR source attribution confirmed differences in aging processes or regional sources between the two geographic regions, allowing the differentiation between urban combustion-related aerosol and biological particles. The aerosol WSOC in Aveiro, Lisbon, and Rio de Janeiro during summer are more oxidized than those from the remaining locations, indicating the predominance of secondary organic aerosols. Fresh emissions, namely of smoke particles, becomes important during winter in Aveiro and São Paulo, and in Porto Velho during IBB. The biosphere is an important source altering the chemical composition of aerosol WSOC in South America locations. The source attribution in Medellín, Bogotá, Buenos Aires, and Lima confirmed the mixed contributions of biological material, secondary formation, as well as urban and biomass burning emissions. Overall, the information and knowledge acquired in this study provide important diagnostic tools for future studies aiming at understanding the water-soluble organic aerosol problem, their sources and impact at a wider geographic scale.Fil: Duarte, Regina M.B.O.. Universidade de Aveiro; PortugalFil: Matos, João T.V.. Universidade de Aveiro; PortugalFil: Paula, Andreia S.. Universidade de Aveiro; PortugalFil: Lopes, Sónia P.. Universidade de Aveiro; PortugalFil: Pereira, Guilherme. Universidade de Sao Paulo; BrasilFil: Vasconcellos, Pérola. Universidade de Sao Paulo; BrasilFil: Gioda, Adriana. Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro; BrasilFil: Carreira, Renato. Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro; BrasilFil: Silva, Artur M.S.. Universidade de Aveiro; PortugalFil: Duarte, Armando C.. Universidade de Aveiro; PortugalFil: Smichowski, Patricia Nora. Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Rojas, Nestor. Universidad Nacional de Colombia; ColombiaFil: Sanchez Ccoyllo, Odon. No especifíca

Perda de fósforo por drenagem e evolução do teor em fósforo de um Cambissolo sujeito a produção de suínos ao ar livre

Comunicação oral apresentada no III Congresso Ibérico de Ciência do Solo que decorreu em Évora de 1 a 4 de Julho de 2008.A Suinicultura extensiva, caracterizada por um baixo encabeçamento é considerada uma forma de produção mais amiga do ambiente relativamente à suinicultura intensiva. É objectivo deste trabalho avaliar a influência que a produção de suínos ao ar livre pode ter, em determinadas circunstâncias, sobre o conteúdo em P do solo e sobre as perdas de P por drenagem interna contribuindo deste modo para a poluição difusa, numa unidade experimental de produção de suínos parqueados ao ar livre. Esta unidade experimental situa-se na quinta da Escola Superior Agrária de Castelo Branco – Portugal, consta de uma área total de 2.8 ha e está dividida em 6 parques. Os animais encontram-se distribuídos por estes parques de acordo com a idade, estado fisiológico e sexo. Assim, existe um parque para leitões, quatro para porcas reprodutoras e um parque para varrascos. As raças em estudo são: Alentejana e Bízara O solo onde se instalou a unidade de demonstração é um cambisolo dístrico (FAO, 1998), de textura ligeira, pouco ácido e pobre em matéria orgânica. O declive dos parques varia entre os 5 e os 30 %. Antes da instalação da unidade experimental o solo foi caracterizado nas suas propriedades químicas. Em Fevereiro de 2007 realizou-se uma colheita conjunta de terra e de lixiviados em pontos georeferenciados desta unidade experimental. A água lixiviada foi recolhida em cápsulas de porcelana instaladas a 0,60 m de profundidade. Analisaram-se os seguintes parâmetros nas amostras de terra: Pi, Po, P-Olsen, P-AL e nos lixiviados analisou-se o Pt, Pd. Os resultados obtidos mostram um aumento em P do solo e uma elevada correlação entre o conteúdo em P do solo e a sua concentração nas águas de drenagem interna. Também evidenciam um comportamento distinto no solo entre as formas de Po e Pi. O Po apresenta uma tendência a acumular-se e a homogeneizar-se no solo, enquanto que o Pi tende a sofrer lixiviação, apresentando uma elevada variabilidade. As zonas onde ocorre maior acumulação de P são também, as zonas onde se verifica um maior transporte de P para as águas de drenagem interna. A concentração em Pt dos lixiviados nestas zonas atinge valores superiores a 0,1 mg Pt L-1, valor considerado limite em termos de impactos negativos sobre a qualidade das águas subterrâneas no que diz respeito ao seu potencial eutrofizante para as águas superficiais

Meshfree finite differences for vector Poisson and pressure Poisson equations with electric boundary conditions

We demonstrate how meshfree finite difference methods can be applied to solve vector Poisson problems with electric boundary conditions. In these, the tangential velocity and the incompressibility of the vector field are prescribed at the boundary. Even on irregular domains with only convex corners, canonical nodal-based finite elements may converge to the wrong solution due to a version of the Babuska paradox. In turn, straightforward meshfree finite differences converge to the true solution, and even high-order accuracy can be achieved in a simple fashion. The methodology is then extended to a specific pressure Poisson equation reformulation of the Navier-Stokes equations that possesses the same type of boundary conditions. The resulting numerical approach is second order accurate and allows for a simple switching between an explicit and implicit treatment of the viscosity terms.Comment: 19 pages, 7 figure

Comparative study of atmospheric water-soluble organic aerosols composition in contrasting suburban environments in the Iberian Peninsula Coast

This study investigates the structural composition and major sources of water-soluble organic matter (WSOM) from PM2.5 collected, in parallel, during summer and winter, in two contrasting suburban sites at Iberian Peninsula Coast: Aveiro (Portugal) and Coruña (Spain). PM10 samples were also collected at Coruña for comparison. Ambient concentrations of PM2.5, total nitrogen (TN), and WSOM were higher in Aveiro than in Coruña, with the highest levels found in winter at both locations. In Coruña, concentrations of PM10, TN, and WSOM were higher than those from PM2.5. Regardless of the season, stable isotopic δ13C and δ15N in PM2.5 suggested important contributions of anthropogenic fresh organic aerosols (OAs) at Aveiro. In Coruña, δ13C and δ15N of PM2.5 and PM10 suggests decreased anthropogenic input during summer. Although excitation-emission fluorescence profiles were similar for all WSOM samples, multi-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy confirmed differences in their structural composition, reflecting differences in aging processes and/or local sources between the two locations. In PM2.5 WSOM in Aveiro, the relative distribution of non-exchangeable proton functional groups was in the order: H-C (40-43%) > H-C-C= (31-39%) > H-C-O (12-15%) > Ar-H (5.0-13%). However, in PM2.5 and PM10 WSOM in Coruña, the relative contribution of H-C-O groups (24-30% and 23-29%, respectively) equals and/or surpasses that of H-C-C= (25-26% and 25-29%, respectively), being also higher than those of Aveiro. In both locations, the highest aromatic contents were observed during winter due to biomass burning emissions. The structural composition of PM2.5 and PM10 WSOM in Coruña is dominated by oxygenated aliphatic compounds, reflecting the contribution of secondary OAs from biogenic, soil dust, and minor influence of anthropogenic emissions. In contrast, the composition of PM2.5 WSOM in Aveiro appears to be significantly impacted by fresh and secondary anthropogenic OAs. Marine and biomass burning OAs are important contributors, common to both sites.Xunta de Galicia ( Programa de Consolidación y Estructuración de Unidades de Investigación Competitivas Refs. GRC2013-047 and ED431C 2017/28)publishe