From isovists to visibility graphs: a methodology for the analysis of architectural space

An isovist, or viewshed, is the area in a spatial environment directly visible from a location within the space. Here we show how a set of isovists can be used to generate a graph of mutual visibility between locations. We demonstrate that this graph can also be constructed without reference to isovists and that we are in fact invoking the more general concept of a visibility graph. Using the visibility graph, we can extend both isovist and current graph-based analyses of architectural space to form a new methodology for the investigation of configurational relationships. The measurement of local and global characteristics of the graph, for each vertex or for the system as a whole, is of interest from an architectural perspective, allowing us to describe a configuration with reference to accessibility and visibility, to compare from location to location within a system, and to compare systems with different geometries. Finally we show that visibility graph properties may be closely related to manifestations of spatial perception, such as way-finding, movement, and space use

Stres Akademik Dengan Prestasi Belajar Masa Pandemi Covid-19

This research is related to academic stress and learning achievement of class VIII D, E and F students at SMP Negeri 3 Magelang during the Covid-19 Pandemic. Coronavirus Disease or Covid-19 is caused by a coronavirus that attacks the respiratory tract, similar to the common cold. Applying the principles of health and safety for families, students, teachers and the community, learning during the Covid-19 period is a distance learning policy, which is applied in schools and universities around the world. However, these various online school requirements trigger academic stress which has an mpact on student achievement. The researcher uses a quantitative research methodology. The results showed that there was a negative correlation between academic stress in the medium category, while the average learning achievement wasi n the high category

Hubungan Stres Akademik Dengan Prestasi Belajar Di Masa Pandemi Covid-19

Penelitian ini berkaitan dengan stres akademik dan prestasi belajar siswa kelas VIII D, E dan F di SMP Negeri 3 Magelang di masa Pandemi Covid-19. Coronavirus Disease atau Covid-19 yang disebabkan oleh coronavirus yang menyerang saluran pernafasan, mirip dengan flu biasa. Menerapkan prinsip kesehatan dan keselamatan bagi keluarga, siswa, guru dan mayarakat, pembelajaran di masa Covid-19 ditetapkan kebijakan pembelajaran jaarak jauh, yang diterapkan di sekolah dan universitas seluruh dunia. Namun berbagai persyaratan sekolah online tersebut memicu stres akadmik yang berdampak pada prestasi belajar siswa. Peneliti imenggunakan imetodologi ipenelitian kuantitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan ada korelasi negatif antara Stres akademik berada pada kategori sedang, sementara prestasi belajarnya rata-rata berada pada kategori tinggi

PENGARUH SELF-EFFICACY, TIME BUDGET PRESSURE, DAN PENGALAMAN AUDITOR TERHADAP SKEPTISISME PROFESIONAL PADA KANTOR AKUNTAN PUBLIK JAKARTA

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji pengaruh self-efficacy, time budget pressure, dan pengalaman auditor terhadap skeptisisme profesional pada Kantor Akuntan Publik Jakarta. Penelitian ini menggunakan jenis data primer yaitu melalui penyebaran kuesioner yang disebarkan kepada auditor yang bekerja pada Kantor Akuntan Publik Jakarta. Metode pemilihan sampel pada penelitian ini adalah purposive sampling. Kemudian, variabel independen dalam penelitian ini yaitu self-efficacy, time budget pressure, dan pengalaman auditor. Analisis data yang digunakan yaitu uji validitas dan uji reliabilitas. Kemudian, uji asumsi klasik yang digunakan antara lain uji normalitas, uji multikolinearitas, dan uji heteroskedastisitas. Penelitian ini menggunakan analisis uji regresi linier berganda, dan pengujian hipotesis berupa uji t, uji f dan koefisien determinasi (R2). Data diolah menggunakan aplikasi IBM SPSS Statistics 25. Hasil analisis data atau regresi linier berganda menunjukkan bahwa variabel self-efficacy, dan pengalaman auditor berpengaruh positif terhadap skeptisisme profesional sedangkan variabel time budget pressure berpengaruh negatif terhadap skeptisisme profesional

Η σύγχρονη κινηματική του νοτίου Αιγαίου σύμφωνα με διαφορικές μετρήσεις GNSS

Η παρούσα εργασία αποσκοπεί στον ποσοτικό προσδιορισμό της τεκτονικής παραμόρφωσης στο νότιο Αιγαίο αξιοποιώντας δορυφορικά γεωδαιτικά δεδομένα 47 μόνιμων σταθμών GNSS κατανεμημένων στην περιοχή των Κυκλάδων, Δωδεκανήσων, Κρήτης, Ανατολικής Πελοποννήσου και Αττικής. Τα δεδομένα συλλέχθηκαν από σταθμούς του τομέα Γεωφυσικής-Γεωθερμίας του πανεπιστημίου Αθηνών, του πολυτεχνείου, από το εθνικό κτηματολόγιο, καθώς και από ελεύθερες πηγές, όπως το δίκτυο GNSS του Εθνικού Αστεροσκοπείου Αθηνών NOANET,το δίκτυο RING της Ιταλίας, το εργαστήριο γεωδαισίας της Νεβάδα και το UNAVCO. Ακολούθησε η επεξεργασία των δεδομένων από το εμπορικό λογισμικό BERNESE v5.2. Η εξαγωγή ημερήσιων επιλύσεων των συντεταγμένων των μόνιμων σταθμών, η δημιουργία χρονοσειρών σύμφωνα με τα αποτελέσματα των ημερήσιων επιλύσεων, με σκοπό την εύρεση των ταχυτήτων μετατόπισης αυτών των σταθμών. Τα γεωδαιτικά αποτελέσματα χρησιμοποιήθηκαν για την κατασκευή χαρτών όπου απεικονίζονται τα ανύσματα ταχυτήτων των σταθμών του δικτύου αλλά και για τον χάρτη πεδίου ρυθμού παραμόρφωσης. Όσον αφορά τους χάρτες των ανυσμάτων ταχυτήτων πρέπει να σημειωθεί ότι πέρα από την παραγωγή των ανυσμάτων ταχυτήτων ως προς το ITRF, επίσης υπολογίστηκαν οι διαφορικές ταχύτητες αυτών ως προς τους σταθμούς της Αναβύσσου, της Νάξου και της Αστυπάλαιας. Στη συνέχεια όλοι οι παραγόμενοι χάρτες συνδυαστικά συγκρίνονται σύμφωνα με το δίκτυο ενεργών σεισμικών ρηγμάτων και σεισμικής δραστηριότητας. Έπειτα με βάση την ανάλυση των τεκτονικών ταχυτήτων των σταθμών και με τον χάρτη εκτίμησης των ανηγμένων παραμορφώσεων, η περιοχή έχει χωριστεί σε ηπειρωτικά τεμάχη (blocks) για περαιτέρω ανάλυση.One of the most tectonically and seismically active areas in the world is the Aegean Sea and its surrounding region. It lies within the convergence zone between the African and the Eurasian plates along the Hellenic Arc south of Crete. Specifically the south Aegean Sea and its adjacent areas is a highly segmented tectonically active domain, characterized by high-rate extension and severe crustal thinning. The different segments (blocks) that make up the south Aegean crust are bounded by significant fault zones and/or dislocation surfaces whose their relative motion varies in size and direction. The present study studies the kinematic characteristics of the southern Aegean crustal segments using geodetic data of 47 permanent GNNS stations distributed over the eastern Peloponnesus, Attica, Cyclades, Dodecanese, Crete and the coast of western Anatolia. To be more accurate, the data used herein comprise: • Primary (unprocessed/raw) data from 24 permanent stations operated by METRICA S.A., spanning the period 2011-2018 and generously provided by said organization. • Primary data, from 8 stations of the HEPOS (Hellenic Positioning System) facility, Hellenic National Cadaster, spanning the period 2013-2017 and generously provided by said organization. • Primary data from one station, operated by the RING network of Italy (Rete Integrata Nationale GPS, spanning the period 2017-2018. • Primary data from one station operated by UNAVCO, spanning the period 2011-2017. All primary data were processed with the Bernese v5.2 software. • Processed data (displacement time series) from 4 stations operated by the Geodetic Laboratory of Nevada, spanning the periods 2009-2018. • Velocity vectors from 7 stations located in Attica and Peloponnesus, extracted from Chousianitis et al., (2013) and spanning a period of approx. five years. • Velocity vectors from 2 stations operated by the National Technical University of Athens (NTUA), spanning the period 2012-2015 and kindly provided by Dr. J. Galanis (personal communication, 2018). Hitherto studies of the kinematics of the Aegean Plate have mainly focused on the analysis of the regional strain rate field and large-scale relative motion between the Aegean, Anatolian and Eurasian plates, either using the ITRF coordinate frame or remote poles of rotation located in Western Europe or Africa. This approach does not facilitate discrimination of local-scale relative motion between tectonic blocks. Inasmuch as we are mainly interested in studying local-scale effects in the south and eastern Aegean region, we have based our analysis on a local reference point situated at Anavyssos, Attica. Finally, we evaluated and mapped the two dimensiolan strain rate tensors. An interpretation of the nature and kinematics of the boundaries between blocks will be presented and discussed. Overall, the area of the south Aegean appears to exhibit a rather complex kinematic pattern, the origin of which remains to be confirmed and validated with future research

Analysis of Spatial and Temporal Variations of High Nature Value Farmland and Links with Changes in Bird Populations: A Study on France

The 'High Nature Value farming' idea connects the preservation of biodiversity with the need to safeguard the continuation of farming in certain areas and the maintenance of specific farming systems associated with a long-term management approach. The need for measures to prevent the loss of High Nature Value farmland is widely acknowledged. Conservation of biodiversity on agricultural land is an explicit objective of the pan-European Biodiversity and Landscape Strategy, the Bern Convention and, at EU level, the Habitats and Birds Directives and the Rural Development Policy (Community Strategic Guidelines for Rural Development Programming Period 2007-2013). Conserving High Nature Value farmland is a key aspect in achieving future biodiversity targets. In their 2003 ¿Kyiv¿ declaration, the European Environment Ministers have set the goal to identify HNV farmland in Europe and take adequate conservation measures. The COM(2010) 4 final ¿Options for an EU vision and target for biodiversity beyond 2010¿ recognises the need of preserving and enhancing farming and forestry with a high nature value in the context of the CAP. Furthermore, in 2006 the frame of agri-environmental indicators for monitoring the integration of environmental concerns into the common agricultural policy has been formally identified and published in the COM (2006) 508. The High Nature Value farmland indicator is part of the framework, as well as indicators on Population trends in farmland birds. JRC/IES is one of the EC services that are developing such indicators. The aim of this study is to improve the methodology to define HNV farmland areas and investigate more thoroughly the link between bird species and farmland habitat. The French case study is presented in high detail; relevant statistical data were available regarding agriculture practices both at present and past time periods, which provided the information for the development of a national HNV indicator. Data from the French Breeding Bird Census have been used to seek for links between bird species and bird indices, and spatial and temporal distribution of HNV farmland.JRC.DDG.H.5-Rural, water and ecosystem resource

Climate change on sea currents is not expected to alter contemporary migration routes of loggerhead sea turtles

For marine species, traveling with the current potentially reduces energetic costs. Still, the extent to which organisms adjust routes to follow current flow remains an open question. Moreover, the extent to which climate change is altering sea currents, and in turn species migration routes, remains unknown, representing a major challenge to spatial ecology and conservation efforts.We developed an approach to assess the extent to which projected optimal paths and corridors overlap with the observed migration routes of loggerhead sea turtles (Caretta caretta), minimizing exposure to opposing sea currents. To illustrate this approach, we used migratory tracks of the species traveling between breeding and foraging areas in the Mediterranean Sea. We calculated the energetic costs to sea turtles based on actual tracks and corresponding optimal paths. We also explored whether projected changes in ocean currents, driven by climate change, would alter the spatial patterns of optimal routes.The energetic cost of observed tracks was, on average, 1.25 times higher than that of corresponding optimal paths. While optimal corridors differed spatially to observed corridors used by loggerheads, some positive correlations still existed for three cases ( 0.43, 0.42, 0.30). Climate change projections showed no significant change to the migratory movement of sea turtles, as corridors for different climatic conditions overlapped by at least 70%.Our results show that loggerheads do not explicitly take advantage of ocean currents to facilitate long distance migrations and reduce energetic demands. The contemporary and future migration routes are characterized by similar energetic demands and together with their strong spatial overlap suggest that climate change is expected to minimally alter the species migration routes in the future. The approach presented here could be applied to different spatial scales and marine taxa, allowing possible mechanisms between sea currents (or other environmental characteristics) and species movements to be elucidated

Mixed effects of long-term conservation investment in Natura 2000 farmland

Evaluating the effectiveness of conservation funding is crucial for correct allocation of limited resources. Here we used bird monitoring data to assess the effects of long-term conservation investment in a Natura 2000 (N2000) bird protection area (PA), which during two decades benefited from protection regulations, conservation projects, and agri-environment schemes. Variation between 1995–1997 and 2010–2012 in richness and abundance of flagship (Otis tarda, Tetrax tetrax, and Falco naumanni) and specialized fallow field species were more favorable (i.e., increased more or declined less) inside the PA than in a nearby control area. However, the reverse was found for total bird species, farmland, ground-nesting and steppe species, species associated to ploughed fields, and species of European conservation concern. Enhancing the effectiveness of conservation investment in N2000 farmland may require a greater focus on the wider biodiversity alongside that currently devoted to flagship species, as well as improved matching between conservation and agricultural policies.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Integrated genomics and proteomics define huntingtin CAG length-dependent networks in mice.

To gain insight into how mutant huntingtin (mHtt) CAG repeat length modifies Huntington's disease (HD) pathogenesis, we profiled mRNA in over 600 brain and peripheral tissue samples from HD knock-in mice with increasing CAG repeat lengths. We found repeat length-dependent transcriptional signatures to be prominent in the striatum, less so in cortex, and minimal in the liver. Coexpression network analyses revealed 13 striatal and 5 cortical modules that correlated highly with CAG length and age, and that were preserved in HD models and sometimes in patients. Top striatal modules implicated mHtt CAG length and age in graded impairment in the expression of identity genes for striatal medium spiny neurons and in dysregulation of cyclic AMP signaling, cell death and protocadherin genes. We used proteomics to confirm 790 genes and 5 striatal modules with CAG length-dependent dysregulation at the protein level, and validated 22 striatal module genes as modifiers of mHtt toxicities in vivo