Evaluation of the association of C1236T, C3435T and G2677T/A polymorphisms on ABCB1 gene to response markers to imatinib mesylate in patients with chronic myeloid leukemia

A leucemia mieloide crônica (LMC) é uma expansão clonal da célula progenitora hematopoiética, traduzindo-se por hiperplasia mielóide, leucocitose, neutrofilia, basofilia e esplenomegalia. O cromossomo Filadélfia é característico da doença, sendo produto da translocação t(9;22) (q34;q11), resultando na fusão dos genes ABL e BCR. Esta fusão gera um gene híbrido que produz uma proteína com elevada atividade tirosinoquinase que tem um papel central da patogenia da LMC. O mesilato de imatinibe (MI) é um derivado da fenilaminopirimidina que inibe a proteína-tirosina quinase ABL in vitro e in vivo. O MI interage com transportadores de membrana de efluxo, como o ATP binding cassette B1 (ABCB1). Polimorfismos no gene ABCB1 têm sido associados com alteração na sua funcionalidade e podem estar envolvidos na resposta ao tratamento farmacológico. Este estudo tem por objetivo investigar a relação dos polimorfismos C1236T, C3435T e G2677T/A no gene ABCB1 com marcadores de resposta ao tratamento com MI, em indivíduos com LMC, e determinar os fatores de predisposição de resposta ao MI. Foram incluídos 118 pacientes portadores de LMC. Foram constituídos dois grupos: Grupo 1 com 70 pacientes com resposta citogenética completa com a dose padrão de MI (400 mg/dia de MI) por até 18 meses e, Grupo 2 com 48 pacientes sem resposta citogenética completa com a dose inicial de 400 mg/dia de MI ou que perderam esta resposta ao longo do tratamento . Amostras de sangue foram obtidas para: quantificação de BCR-ABL1, extração de DNA genômico e análise citogenética de banda G. As análises dos polimorfismos foram realizadas por PCR-RFLP. A resposta ao tratamento foi avaliada segundo os critérios da European LeukemiaNet. A distribuição da frequência dos genótipos dos polimorfismos C1236T, C3435T e G2677T/A foi similar nos dois gêneros e entre brancos e não brancos. Não houve influência dos polimorfismos estudados no risco de desenvolvimento da LMC e na resposta ao MI. O haplótipo ABCB1 1236CT/2677GT/3435CT (para os polimorfismos C1236T/G2677T/C3435T no gene ABCB1) foi encontrado em 51,7% dos pacientes com resposta molecular maior (P=0,010). Houve tendência a maior frequência de pacientes portadores de genótipos 1236 CT e TT no grupo de respondedores (86,7%) quando foi analisada a resposta molecular completa (p=0,069). O mesmo aconteceu no grupo de não respondedores quando foi considerado o polimorfismo C1236T. Houve tendência a maior frequência de resposta molecular completa em portadores de genótipo 2677 GT+TT+TA nos dois grupos (respondedores P=0,074 e não respondedores P=0,076). Em conclusão, os genótipos e haplótipos para os polimorfismos ABCB1 C1236T, C3435T e G2677T/A estão associados com a resposta molecular em portadores de LMC respondedores ao tratamento com MI.The chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is a clonal expansion of the hematopoietic progenitor cell, representing myeloid hyperplasia, leukocytosis, neutrophilia, basophilia and splenomegaly. The Philadelphia chromosome is peculiar on the disease, being the result of the translocation t(9; 22) (q34; q11), leading on the fusion of the ABL and BCR genes. This merger creates a hybrid gene that produces a protein with high activity of tyrosine kinase that is the main pathogenesis of CML. The Imatinib mesylate (IM) is a fenilaminopirimidine derivative which inhibits the ABL protein-tyrosine kinase in vitro and in vivo. The MI interacts with membrane efflux transporters, such as ATP binding cassette B1 (ABCB1). Polymorphisms in the ABCB1 gene have been associated with changes in its functionality and may be involved on the response to drug treatment. This study aims to investigate the relationship of C1236T, C3435T and G2677T / A polymorphisms in ABCB1 gene with response markers for MI treatment in individuals with CML, and to determine the predisposing factors of response to MI. 118 patients with CML were included and divided in two groups. Group 1: 70 patients with complete cytogenetic response and a standard dose of IM (400 mg / day IM) for up to 18 months. Group 2: 48 patients without a complete cytogenetic response and initial dose of 400 mg / day IM or whith response lost throughout the treatment. Blood samples were obtained for: quantification of BCR-ABL1, genomic DNA extraction and band G cytogenetic analysis. The analysis of the polymorphisms were performed by PCR-RFLP. The treatment response was evaluated according to European LeukemiaNet criteria. The frequency distribution of genotypes of C1236T, C3435T and G2677T / A polymorphisms were similar in both sexes and between whites and nonwhites. The polymorphisms studied had no influence on the CML development or MI response. The haplotype ABCB1 1236CT/2677GT/3435CT (for C1236T/G2677T/C3435T polymorphisms in the ABCB1) was found in 51.7% patients with major molecular response (P = 0.010). There was a tendency for higher frequency of patients with 1236 CT and TT genotypes in the responders group (86.7%) when the molecular response was analyzed (p = 0.069). The same happened in the nonresponders group when the C1236T polymorphism was considered. There was a tendency for a higher frequency of complete molecular response in patients with 2677 GT + TT + TA genotype in both groups (responders P = 0.074 and nonresponders P = 0.076). In conclusion, genotypes and haplotypes for ABCB1 C1236T, C3435T and G2677T / A polymorphisms are associated with molecular response in patients with CML that respond to MI treatment

Study of the expression of SLC22A1 and ABCB1 genes and their relationship with markers of response to imatinib mesylate in patients with chronic myeloid leukemia

A leucemia mieloide crônica (LMC) é uma expansão clonal da célula tronco hematopoética, traduzindo-se por hiperplasia mieloide, leucocitose, neutrofilia, basofilia e esplenomegalia. O cromossomo Filadélfia é característico da doença, sendo produto da translocação t(9:22)(q34;q11), resultando na fusão dos genes ABL e BCR. Esta fusão gera um gene híbrido que codifica uma proteína com elevada atividade tirosinoquinase e tem um papel central na patogenia da LMC. O mesilato de imatinibe (MI) é um derivado da fenilaminopirimidina que inibe a proteína tirosinoquinase BCR-ABL1 in vitro e in vivo. O MI interage com transportadores de membrana de influxo, como o organic carion solute carrier 22 ,member 1 (SLC22A1,hOCT1); e de efluxo, como ATP binding cassette B1 (ABCB1, MDR1, P-gp). Os polimorfismos ABCB1 c.1236C>T, C.3435C>T e c.2677G>T/A têm sido associados com a alteração da função da P-gp. Este estudo teve por objetivo investigar a relação da expressão do RNAm de ABCB1 e SLC22A1 com marcadores de resposta ao tratamento com MI e avaliar a atividade funcional da P-gp em células mononucleares de pacientes com diferentes haplótipos para os polimorfismos ABCB1 c.1236C>T, c.3435C>T e c.2677G>T/A. Foram incluídos 118 pacientes com LMC para o estudo da expressão do RNAm de SLC22A1 e ABCB1 e para o estudo da atividade da P-gp foram selecionados 28 pacientes de acordo com os haplótipos dos polimorfismos ABCB1 c.1236C>T, c.3435C>T e c.2677G>T/A. Para o estudo da expressão do RNAm de SLC22A1 e ABCB1 foram constituídos dois grupos: Grupo 1 com 70 pacientes com resposta citogenética completa com a dose padrão de MI (400 mg/dia de MI) em até 18 meses e, Grupo 2 com 48 pacientes sem resposta citogenética completa com a dose inicial de 400 mg/dia de MI ou que perderam esta resposta ao longo do tratamento. Para o estudo da atividade funcional da P-gp, dos 118 pacientes incluídos, foram selecionados 10 pacientes que apresentaram o haplótipo 1236CC/3435CC/2677GG, 10 pacientes que apresentaram o haplótipo 1236CT/3435CT/2677GT e 8 pacientes que apresentaram o haplótipo 1236TT/3435TT/2677TT. A resposta ao tratamento foi avaliada segundo os critérios da European LeukemiaNet. Amostras de sangue foram obtidas para: quantificação de BCR-ABL1, extração do RNAm total, análise citogenética de banda G, dosagem da concentração plasmática de MI e análise da atividade e expressão da P-gp. A análise da expressão dos genes ABCB1 e SLC22A1 foi feita por PCR em tempo real, a análise da atividade e expressão da P-gp foram feitas por citometria de fluxo e a dosagem da concentração plasmática de MI foi realizada por eletroforese capilar. Resultados: A expressão de ABCB1 e SLC22A1 foi analisada nos 118 pacientes incluídos e foi similar entre os grupos de resposta. A elevada expressão do gene SLC22A1 foi associada àqueles pacientes que alcançaram a resposta molecular maior (RMM) no grupo respondedor (P=0,009). Não houve associação entre a expressão de ABCB1 e a resposta ao MI. Nenhum dos genes foi associado à resposta molecular completa (RMC). No estudo da atividade da P-gp foi observada uma maior atividade nos pacientes que apresentavam o haplótipo 1236CC/3435CC/2677GG quando comparado àqueles que possuíam o haplótipo com alelo mutado. Não houve diferença na expressão do RNAm dos genes SLC22A1 e ABCB1, expressão da P-gp e concentração plasmástica de MI entre os grupos de haplótipos. Os pacientes que não alcançaram a RMM apresentaram uma maior taxa de efluxo mediado pela P-gp quando comparado aos indivíduos que alcançaram esta resposta (64,7% vs. 45,7%; P=0,001). Os indivíduos que alcançaram a RMM e RMC apresentaram maior mediana de expressão do gene SLC22A1. Os pacientes sem RMM apresentaram menor concentração plasmática de MI quando comparados aos que alcançaram esta resposta (0,51 µg/mL vs. 1,42 µg/mL; P=0,001). Não foi observada associação entre a concentração plasmática de MI e a RMC. Em conclusão os pacientes respondedores a dose padrão de 400mg/dia de MI e que alcançaram a RMM apresentam maior expressão de RNAm de SLC22A1 e os portadores dos haplótipos 1236CT/3435CT/2677GT e 1236TT/3435TT/2677TT exibem menor efluxo mediado pela P-gp apresentando maior frequência de RMM.Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is a clonal expansion of hematopoietic stem cell, translating into myeloid hyperplasia, leukocytosis, neutrophilia, basophilia and splenomegaly. The Philadelphia chromosome is characteristic of the disease, being the product of the translocation t(9:22)( q34,q11), resulting in the fusion of the BCR and ABL genes. This fusion generates a hybrid gene that encodes a protein with elevated tyrosine kinase activity and plays a central role in the pathogenesis of CML. Imatinib mesylate (IM) is a derivative of fenilaminopirimidine that inhibits BCR-ABL1 fusion protein tyrosine kinase in vitro and in vivo. IM interacts with uptake membrane transporters, such as cation organic solute carrier 22, member 1 (SLC22A1, hOCT1) and efflux as ATP binding cassette B1 (ABCB1, MDR1,P-gp). ABCB1 polymorphisms c.1236C>T,c.3435C>T and c.2677G>T/A have been associated with altered function of P-gp. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between mRNA expression of ABCB1 and SLC22A1 with markers of response to treatment with IM and evaluate the functional activity of P-gp in mononuclear cells of patients with different haplotypes for ABCB1 c.1236C>T, c.3435C>T and c.2677G>T/A polymorphisms. This study included 118 patients with CML to study the mRNA expression of SLC22A1 and ABCB1 and to study the P-gp activity, 28 patients were selected according to the haplotypes of ABCB1 c.1236C>T, c.3435C>T and c.2677G>T/A polymorphisms. To study the mRNA expression of SLC22A1 and ABCB1, two groups were constituted: Group 1 with 70 patients with a complete cytogenetic response with standard-dose IM (400 mg/day) in 18 months, and group 2 with 48 patients without complete cytogenetic response with the initial dose of IM (400 mg/day) or have lost this response during treatment. To study the P-gp functional activity, 10 patients with haplotype 1236CC/3435CC/2677GG, 10 patients with haplotype 1236CT/3435CT/2677GT and 8 patients with haplotype 1236TT/3435TT/2677TT were enrolled. Treatment response was assessed according to European LeukemiaNet criteria. Blood samples were obtained for: quantification of BCR-ABL1, mRNA extraction, G band cytogenetic analysis, measurement of IM plasma levels and P-gp activity and expression. The ABCB1 and SLC22A1 gene expression analysis was made by real-time PCR, analysis of P-gp activity and protein expression were performed by flow cytometry and determination of plasma Levels of IM was performed by capillary electrophoresis. Results: Expression of ABCB1 and SLC22A1 were analyzed in 118 patients included and was similar between the response groups. Higher expression of the SLC22A1 gene was associated with those patients who achieved a major molecular response (MMR) in the responder group (P=0.009). There was no association between ABCB1 expression and IM response. None of the studied genes was associated with complete molecular response (CMR). In the study of P-gp activity we observed greater activity mediated by P-gp in patients with 1236CC/3435CC/2677GG haplotype when compared to those with the mutated allele. There was no difference in mRNA expression of SLC22A1 and ABCB1 genes, P-gp expression and IM plasma levels between haplotypes groups. Patients who did not achieve MMR showed a higher rate of efflux mediated by P-gp compared to individuals who did achieve this response (64.7% vs. 45.7%, P=0.001). Individuals who achieved MMR and CMR had higher median of SLC22A1 expression. Patients without MMR had lower IM plasma levels compared with those who achieved this response (0.51 µg/mL vs. 1.42 µg/mL, P=0.001). No association was observed between IM plasma levels and CMR. In conclusion patients responders to standard dose of IM (400 mg/day) and who achieved MMR have higher SLC22A1 mRNA expression and the carriers of 1236CT/3435CT/2677GT 1236TT/3435TT/2677TT haplotypes exhibit lower efflux mediated by P-gp with higher frequency of MMR

ABCB1 haplotype is associated with major molecular response in chronic myeloid leukemia patients treated with standard-dose of imatinib

Background: Imatinib mesylate (IM) is a selective tyrosine kinase inhibitor used for treating chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). IM has high efficacy, however some individuals develop a resistance due to impaired bio-availability. Polymorphisms in genes encoding membrane transporters such as ABCB1 have been associated with differences in protein expression and function that influence the response to several drugs. Aim: To investigate the relationship of ABCB1 polymorphisms with markers of response to IM in patients with CML Methods: One hundred eighteen CML patients initially treated with a standard dose of IM (400 mg/day) for 18 months were selected at two health centers in Sao Paulo City, Brazil. The response criteria were based on the European LeukemiaNet recommendations. ABCB1 polymorphisms c.1236C>T (rs1128503), c.3435C>T (rs1045642) and c.2677G>T/A (rs2032582) were evaluated by PCR-RFLP. Results: ABCB1 polymorphisms were not related with a risk for CML in this sample population (p<0.05). In the CML group, frequencies of ABCB1 SNPs were similar between responder and non-responder patients (p>0.05). In the responder group, the frequency of ABCB11236CT/2677GT/3435CT haplotype was higher in patients with major molecular response (MMR) (51.7%) than in patients without MMR (8.3%, p = 0.010). Furthermore, carriers of this haplotype had increased the probability of reaching the MMR compared with the non-carriers (OR: 11.8; 95% CI: 1.43-97.3, p = 0.022). Conclusions: The ABCB1 1236CT/2677GT/3435CT haplotype is positively associated with the major molecular response to IM in CML patients. (C) 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.FAPESP, Brazil [09/54184-0]FAPESP (Brazil)CNPq (Brazil)CNPq, Brazi

Relationship between SLCO1B(3) and ABCA(3) polymorphisms and imatinib response in chronic myeloid leukemia patients

Background: Genetic variations in membrane transporters may contribute to imatinib mesylate (IM) resistance in chronic myeloid leukemia (CML).Objective: To investigate the relationship between SLCO1B3, SLCO1A2, and ABCA3 polymorphisms and IM response in CML patients.Methods: Patients in chronic phase CML (N = 118) were studied. All patients were treated with a standard dose of IM (400 mg/day) and classified into one of the two groups according to their responses. Major molecular response (MMR) and complete molecular response (CMR) were evaluated. Criteria for response failure were established according to European LeukemiaNet (2009). Analysis of the SLCO1B3 c.334T > G (rs4149117) and c.699G > A (rs7311358), SLCO1A2 c.516A > C (rs11568563) and c.-62361G > A (rs3764043), and ABCA3 c.1755C > G (rs323043) and c.4548-191C > A (rs150929) polymorphisms was carried out by real-time polymerase chain reaction.Results: SLCO1A2 and ABCA3 polymorphisms have similar frequencies between responders and nonresponders. SLCO1B3 699GG and 344TT genotypes were more frequent in the responder group (63.8%) than in the non-responder group (44.7%, P = 0.042). Furthermore, carriers of 699GA/AA and 334TG/GG genotypes presented a higher probability of not responding to the standard dose of IM (odds ratio: 2.17; 95% confidence interval: 1.02-4.64, P = 0.04). Poor CMR for ABCA3 4548-91C > A was observed in patients with the CC/CA genotype when compared to AA carriers in the responder group (P = 0.014).Conclusions: SLCO1B3 699GG and 344TT genotypes are associated with non-response to IM, while ABCA3 4548-91 CC/CA genotypes are related to poor CMR in CML patients treated with standard-dose imatinib.Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Univ São Paulo, Fac Ciencias Farmaceut, Dept Anal Clin & Toxicol, BR-05508000 São Paulo, SP, BrazilSanta Casa Misericordia São Paulo, Dept Hematol & Hemoterapia, São Paulo, BrazilHosp Brigadeiro, Dept Hematol, São Paulo, BrazilUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, Dept Oncol Clin & Expt, São Paulo, BrazilUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, Dept Oncol Clin & Expt, São Paulo, BrazilFAPESP: 09/54184-0Web of Scienc