Avaliação Sazonal dos Impactos da Urbanização Costeira sobre Comunidades de Macroalgas na Costa de Pernambuco, Brasil / Seasonal Evaluation of the Impacts of Coastal Urbanization on Seaweed Communities on the Coast of Pernambuco, Brazil

O avanço da urbanização nas regiões costeiras tem ocasionado efeitos diretos na composição e estrutura das comunidades macroalgais e consequentemente, a desestabilização de ecossistemas marinhos. Este avanço vem ocorrendo em áreas do litoral de Pernambuco e por isto este estudo analisou os impactos da urbanização sobre comunidades macroalgais em áreas do referido Estado, no período de fevereiro e maio de 2016. Foram analisados no Coral Point Count with Excel extensions um total de 27.000 pontos, obtendo-se o percentual de cobertura das macroalgas. A caracterização físico-química da água foi realizada para verificação de temperatura e níveis de nutrientes de cada área.  Foram identificados 59 táxons infragenéricos, distribuídos entre Rhodophyta (38), Chlorophyta (12) e Heterokontophyta (Phaeophyceae) (9). Os níveis mais elevados de nutrientes foram verificados em área urbanizada. Os resultados dos índices ecológicos demonstraram que a urbanização não alterou o padrão de dominância das espécies e sim a riqueza

Effects of salinity on the physiology of Salvinia auriculata Aubl. (Salviniales, Pteridophyta)

Salvinia auriculata Aubl. is reported to occur in different zones of the Capibaribe River, Pernambuco State, Brazil. This river varies in salinity in different areas. This study evaluated the growth, photosynthesis and pigment contents of S. auriculata at different salinity levels. Plant sections were collected in the Cursaí Reservoir, located in the municipality of Paudalho, Pernambuco, and were brought to a greenhouse, where they were put in glass flasks filled with 250 mL of liquid, placed on benches. The plants were exposed for 40 h to salinity levels of 0, 17 and 34, obtained with reservoir freshwater, 1:1 freshwater:seawater and pure seawater, respectively. At the end of the experimental period, the plants in salt water showed color changes, with brownish leaves. In addition, plant growth rates decreased. Salinity and time had a negative influence on photosynthetic responses such as Fv/Fm, ETRmax and ETR, which showed reductions under the highest salinity treatment. Response patterns may help to explain S. auriculata occurrence, and its distribution can be regulated by salinity

Reducing the environmental impact of surgery on a global scale: systematic review and co-prioritization with healthcare workers in 132 countries

Background Healthcare cannot achieve net-zero carbon without addressing operating theatres. The aim of this study was to prioritize feasible interventions to reduce the environmental impact of operating theatres. Methods This study adopted a four-phase Delphi consensus co-prioritization methodology. In phase 1, a systematic review of published interventions and global consultation of perioperative healthcare professionals were used to longlist interventions. In phase 2, iterative thematic analysis consolidated comparable interventions into a shortlist. In phase 3, the shortlist was co-prioritized based on patient and clinician views on acceptability, feasibility, and safety. In phase 4, ranked lists of interventions were presented by their relevance to high-income countries and low–middle-income countries. Results In phase 1, 43 interventions were identified, which had low uptake in practice according to 3042 professionals globally. In phase 2, a shortlist of 15 intervention domains was generated. In phase 3, interventions were deemed acceptable for more than 90 per cent of patients except for reducing general anaesthesia (84 per cent) and re-sterilization of ‘single-use’ consumables (86 per cent). In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for high-income countries were: introducing recycling; reducing use of anaesthetic gases; and appropriate clinical waste processing. In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for low–middle-income countries were: introducing reusable surgical devices; reducing use of consumables; and reducing the use of general anaesthesia. Conclusion This is a step toward environmentally sustainable operating environments with actionable interventions applicable to both high– and low–middle–income countries

Reducing the environmental impact of surgery on a global scale: systematic review and co-prioritization with healthcare workers in 132 countries

Abstract Background Healthcare cannot achieve net-zero carbon without addressing operating theatres. The aim of this study was to prioritize feasible interventions to reduce the environmental impact of operating theatres. Methods This study adopted a four-phase Delphi consensus co-prioritization methodology. In phase 1, a systematic review of published interventions and global consultation of perioperative healthcare professionals were used to longlist interventions. In phase 2, iterative thematic analysis consolidated comparable interventions into a shortlist. In phase 3, the shortlist was co-prioritized based on patient and clinician views on acceptability, feasibility, and safety. In phase 4, ranked lists of interventions were presented by their relevance to high-income countries and low–middle-income countries. Results In phase 1, 43 interventions were identified, which had low uptake in practice according to 3042 professionals globally. In phase 2, a shortlist of 15 intervention domains was generated. In phase 3, interventions were deemed acceptable for more than 90 per cent of patients except for reducing general anaesthesia (84 per cent) and re-sterilization of ‘single-use’ consumables (86 per cent). In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for high-income countries were: introducing recycling; reducing use of anaesthetic gases; and appropriate clinical waste processing. In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for low–middle-income countries were: introducing reusable surgical devices; reducing use of consumables; and reducing the use of general anaesthesia. Conclusion This is a step toward environmentally sustainable operating environments with actionable interventions applicable to both high– and low–middle–income countries

Composição e estrutura das comunidades de macroalgas do infralitoral do Arquipélago de Fernando de Noronha, Pernambuco - Brasil, com ênfase nas calcárias incrustantes

Para uma melhor interpretação sobre os componentes e a origem da flora brasileira, é de fundamental importância que este conhecimento esteja baseado, também, no inventário das algas das ilhas oceânicas e da região de infralitoral. A pouca informação sobre a flora das ilhas oceânicas brasileiras é um fato preocupante tendo em vista a fragilidade das comunidades algais nesses ecossistemas, devido à área restrita desses ambientes e a distância entre a ilha e o continente. Outro aspecto a ser conhecido em relação ao infralitoral diz respeito à análise qualitativa das algas calcárias incrustantes. Foram realizadas duas excursões para coleta de material e delimitados 19 pontos de coletas no infralitoral, com base nos mapas de mergulho do arquipélago, dos quais 13 pontos no mar de dentro e 6 pontos no mar de fora. Para cada ponto foram realizadas coletas em diferentes isóbatas (0 a 28 metros). O primeiro manuscrito trata do levantamento da diversidade das algas calcárias não articuladas que colonizam o infralitoral do Arquipélago de Fernando de Noronha onde são apresentadas descrições de três espécies: Sporolithon episporum (M. Howe) E.Y. Dawson (Sporolithaceae), Mesophyllum erubescens (Foslie) Me Lemoine (Hapalidiaceae) e Lithophyllum stictaeforme (Areschoung in J. Agardh) Hauck (Corallinaceae). O segundo manuscrito apresenta uma avaliação da estrutura e composição das comunidades do infralitoral, onde são registradas 48 espécies, sendo dez novas adições para as ilhas oceânicas brasileira. A categoria Phaeophyceae teve a maior cobertura visual e as Rhodophyta a menor com 44% e 0,4% respectivamente. A área estudada pode estar alterada devido a distúrbios naturais apresentados provavelmente pela herbivoria.A good interpretation about the components and the origin of the Brazilian flora requires fundamentally that this knowledge is also based on the survey of algae from oceanic islands and subtidal zone. The little information about the flora from oceanic islands is an issue of concern considering the fragility of algal communities on these ecosystems due to their limited area and distance from the continent. Another aspect still to be understood about the subtidal zone is related to the qualitative analyses of the incrusting coralline algae. Two expeditions were made and 19 sampling sites on the subtidal zone were selected based on the diving maps of the archipelago, among which 13 sites on the protected side and 6 sites on the exposed side. At each site, sampling was performed at different isobaths (0 to 28 meters). The first manuscript describes the survey on the incrusting coralline algae diversity that colonises the subtidal region of the Fernando de Noronha Archipelago, presenting descriptions of three species: Sporolithon episporum (M. Howe) E.Y. Dawson (Sporolithaceae), Mesophyllum erubescens (Foslie) Me Lemoine (Hapalidiaceae) and Lithophyllum stictaeforme (Areschoung in J. Agardh) Hauck (Corallinaceae). The second presents an evaluation of the structure and composition of the subtidal communities, where 48 species are registered, including ten new additions for the Brasilian oceanic islands. Phaeophyceae presented the highest visual cover while Rhodophyta presented the smallest, 44% and 0.4% respectively. The studied area may be altered due to natural disturbance, probably caused by herbivory.Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico - CNP

Effects of salinity on the physiology of Salvinia auriculata Aubl. (Salviniales, Pteridophyta)

A macrófita aquática Salvinia auriculata Aubl. ocorre em diferentes regiões do Rio Capibaribe, no estado de Pernambuco, Brasil. Esse rio desemboca no mar e, consequentemente, apresenta setores com diferentes gradientes de salinidade. Este trabalho avaliou a fotossíntese, o crescimento e o teor de pigmentos fotossintetizantes de S. auriculata frente a um gradiente de salinidade. As plantas foram obtidas em um reservatório no município de Paudalho e foram levadas à casa de vegetação, onde foram mantidas em frascos de vidro contendo 250 mL de volume preenchido, posicionados em bancadas durante 40 h nas seguintes condições de salinidade: 0, 17 e 34, obtidas com água doce, mistura de água doce e salgada e água salgada, respectivamente. Ao final, as folhas das plantas tratadas com água salgada apresentaram mudança na coloração (de verde para marrom) e também as plantas tiveram redução no seu crescimento. A salinidade e o tempo afetaram negativamente as respostas fotossintetizantes das plantas, com diminuição de Fv/Fm, ETRmax e ETR conforme aumentava o conteúdo de sais ao qual as plantas estiveram expostas. Os padrões de respostas obtidos ajudaram a esclarecer a distribuição de S. auriculata, podendo ser regulada pela salinidade. Salvinia auriculata Aubl. is reported to occur in different zones of the Capibaribe River, Pernambuco State, Brazil. This river varies in salinity in different areas. This study evaluated the growth, photosynthesis and pigment contents of S. auriculata at different salinity levels. Plant sections were collected in the Cursaí Reservoir, located in the municipality of Paudalho, Pernambuco, and were brought to a greenhouse, where they were put in glass flasks filled with 250 mL of liquid, placed on benches. The plants were exposed for 40 h to salinity levels of 0, 17 and 34, obtained with reservoir freshwater, 1:1 freshwater:seawater and pure seawater, respectively. At the end of the experimental period, the plants in salt water showed color changes, with brownish leaves. In addition, plant growth rates decreased. Salinity and time had a negative influence on photosynthetic responses such as Fv/Fm, ETRmax and ETR, which showed reductions under the highest salinity treatment. Response patterns may help to explain S. auriculata occurrence, and its distribution can be regulated by salinity.