Is there a future for wild grapevine (Vitis vinifera subsp. silvestris) in the Rhine Valley?

The wild grapevine, Vitis vinifera L. subsp. silvestris (Gmelin) Hegi, is considered to be an endangered taxon in Europe, mainly as a consequence of the introduction of pathogens from North America and of the destruction of its habitat. In the Rhine Valley, nearly all populations disappeared due to river management, the intensi.cation of forestry, and the introduction of phylloxera. After a growing awareness of the need to preserve endangered forest ecosystems, attempts to reintroduce wild grapevine in the Rhine Valley were performed, particularly in the French nature reserves Erstein and Offendorf since 1992. However, regular surveys of the plants indicate the rapid decline of the populations. In 2002, we proposed to summarise the knowledge accumulated after 10years of experiments. Results indicate that from the initial 91 individuals planted in 1992, only 14 survived in 2002 (2 in Erstein, 12 in Offendorf). The failure of the experiment may be explained by several factors: unsuitable sites (too shady, absence of support for the young plants), absence of monitoring, vandalism or predation. According to these results and recent knowledge of the ecology of the plant and of vines in general, new transplantation experiments are proposed in which the plants will be monitored during their establishment in the forests. The success of this second transplant (50 plants per reserve) will be enhanced by restoration projects of the Rhine River dynamics, with partial re-.ooding. Floods should help to avoid, or at least to reduce, pest and disease expansion on future adult plant

CT pelvimetry of variant pelvis and child birth prognosis

The aim of this study was to determine the threshold values of pelvimetry by scanning and to evaluate the ability of the pelvimetry alone to diagnose a fetal-pelvic disproportion. It was an observational retrospective study on 410 pregnant women who had a scanner pelvimetry for any reasons. Based on the fetal presentations, two subgroups (breech and cephalic -others) have been defined. Measurements of the main obstetric diameters (promonto-retropubic, median transverse and dual sciatica) were taken. The 5th and 10th percentile were calculated as well as the 90th and 95th to determine the threshold values of pelvimetry by scanner. The scanner values found on CT were compared with the standard X ray pelvimetry values. Referring to extreme values obtained by pelvimetry scanner, some pathological pelvic brim were reconstructed in 3D. Moreover, the delivery prognostic was analyzed by crossing the pelvic inlet dimensions (Magnin index) and pelvic outlet dimensions (bi-sciatic diameter) with the outcome of the delivery. The mean values of the scanno-pelvimetry measurement in our series were:m12,39 cm (± 1) for the promonto-retropubic diameter, 12.88 cm (± 1.01) for the transverse median diameter and 11 cm (± 1.32) for the bi-sciatic diameter. These measurements provided an accuracy less than 1 cm compared to the standard ray pelvimetry. Although Magnin index at 23 allows a vaginal delivery, 51% of oursample have failed. Moreover, for the Magnin index at 24 and 25, the vaginal delivery failure rate remains high:45.1% and 39.61% respectively. Compared to classical pelvimetry, pelvimetry by scanner provides additional precision and allows to study the geometry of the basin. However, the pelvimetry alone could not be effective to establish the prognosis of vaginal delivery.Keywords: scanno-pelvimetry, prognosis, deliver

Chromosomal-level assembly of the Asian Seabass genome using long sequence reads and multi-layered scaffolding

We report here the ~670 Mb genome assembly of the Asian seabass (Lates calcarifer), a tropical marine teleost. We used long-read sequencing augmented by transcriptomics, optical and genetic mapping along with shared synteny from closely related fish species to derive a chromosome-level assembly with a contig N50 size over 1 Mb and scaffold N50 size over 25 Mb that span ~90% of the genome. The population structure of L. calcarifer species complex was analyzed by re-sequencing 61 individuals representing various regions across the species' native range. SNP analyses identified high levels of genetic diversity and confirmed earlier indications of a population stratification comprising three clades with signs of admixture apparent in the South-East Asian population. The quality of the Asian seabass genome assembly far exceeds that of any other fish species, and will serve as a new standard for fish genomics

Phenotypic effects of genetic variants associated with autism

While over 100 genes have been associated with autism, little is known about the prevalence of variants affecting them in individuals without a diagnosis of autism. Nor do we fully appreciate the phenotypic diversity beyond the formal autism diagnosis. Based on data from more than 13,000 individuals with autism and 210,000 undiagnosed individuals, we estimated the odds ratios for autism associated to rare loss-of-function (LoF) variants in 185 genes associated with autism, alongside 2,492 genes displaying intolerance to LoF variants. In contrast to autism-centric approaches, we investigated the correlates of these variants in individuals without a diagnosis of autism. We show that these variants are associated with a small but significant decrease in fluid intelligence, qualification level and income and an increase in metrics related to material deprivation. These effects were larger for autism-associated genes than in other LoF-intolerant genes. Using brain imaging data from 21,040 individuals from the UK Biobank, we could not detect significant differences in the overall brain anatomy between LoF carriers and non-carriers. Our results highlight the importance of studying the effect of the genetic variants beyond categorical diagnosis and the need for more research to understand the association between these variants and sociodemographic factors, to best support individuals carrying these variants

Potentiel métastatique des cellules circulantes dans le cancer colorectal

Les cellules malignes circulantes auraient un rôle majeur dans le processus métastatique des tumeurs épithéliales. Le but de ce travail a été d en étudier le rôle pronostique dans le cancer colorectal à travers le développement de plusieurs techniques moléculaires de détection. La détection par RT-PCR CGM2 dans le sang périphérique préopératoire n est corrélée ni à la survie ni à la survie sans récidive. La détection par RT-PCR à l aide de deux marqueurs spécifiques du tissu colique (ACE/CGM2) permet soit d augmenter la spécificite de la détection soit d appréhender l existence de plusieurs sous-populations de cellules circulantes. L intérêt des techniques de RT-PCR quantitatives a été évalué pour CK20. La dissémination supplémentaire liée à l exérèse des cancers colorectaux a été évaluée à 10% environ par une technique de RT-PCR qualitative multiplex (ACE/CGM2). Ces résultats ont été comparés à ceux obtenus avec des marqueurs spécifiques de cancer (MAGE). La valeur pronostique des cellules malignes circulantes dans les cancers du colon et de la prostate. L intérêt des cellules circulantes dans la cavité péritonéale a été discuté. Une technique d isolement cellulaire a permis de récupérer plus de 98% des cellules nucléées sanguines, devenant ainsi la première étape de l étude physique du patrimoine génétique et du potentiel métastatique des cellules circulantes.Circulating cancer cells have been thought to have a great part in the development of distant metastasis in epithelial tumours. The aim of this work was to assess their prognostic value in colorectal cancer using several detection techniques. RT-PCR CGM2 detection in the preoperative peripheral blood is not correlated with either survival or recurrence-free survival. RT-PCR detection using two specific markers of the colon tissue (ACE/CGM2) either allows to improve detection specificity or to label several subpopulations of circulating cells. The interest of quantitative RT-PCR techniques was assessed for CK20. The additional dissemination related to colorectal cancer excision has been assessed to be about 10% using a qualitative multiplex (ACE/CGM2) RT-PCR technique. These results were compared to those obtained with cancer-specific markers (MAGE). The prognostic value of circulating malignant cells has been compared in colorectal and prostate cancers. The potential interest of circulating cells in peritoneal cavity has also been studied. An isolation technique has allowed to retrieve more than 98% of blood nucleated cells and thus become the first step to the physical study of the genotype and metastatic potential of circulating cells.PARIS12-CRETEIL BU Multidisc. (940282102) / SudocSudocFranceF

PLACE DE L'ENTEROSCOPIE PEROPERATOIRE DANS LE DIAGNOSTIC ET LE TRAITEMENT DES HEMORRAGIES DIGESTIVES DE CAUSE INDETERMINEE

PARIS-BIUM (751062103) / SudocCentre Technique Livre Ens. Sup. (774682301) / SudocSudocFranceF

One anastomosis gastric bypass and esojejunostomy in rats: surgical techniques

One anastomosis gastric bypass (OAGB) is a popular bariatric procedure, but controversies remain regarding biliary reflux and the potential risk of cancer. Esophagojejunostomy (EJ) in rats is a validated and reproducible model for the development of metaplasia [Barett’s esophagus (BE)] and esophageal adenocarcinoma (EA) with a minimal exposure of 12 to 20 weeks. We are analyzing the risks of BE and EA in an OAGB rat model and comparing these with the EJ rat model. The purpose of this study is to describe our OAGB and EJ techniques in rats that we used to evaluate biliary reflux and share our experience with scientists and the bariatric community. These operations are short and simple procedures with acceptable morbidity

MnO 2 Thin Films on 3D Scaffold: Microsupercapacitor Electrodes Competing with “Bulk” Carbon Electrodes

International audienceA simple, binder-free fabrication of high capacitance electrodes based on manganese dioxide (MnO2) thin films is reported. The 3D structure of these electrodes significantly improves the areal capacitance of the MnO2 thin films up to 670 mF cm−2 in aqueous electrolyte, which is 4.5 times higher than the best reported capacitance of 3D electrodes thus far. This capacitance is on the same order of magnitude as that of a bulk carbon electrode. Moreover, the 3D MnO2-based electrode exhibits a stable cycling behavior for more than 15 000 cycles

Extracellular vesicles: General features and usefulness in diagnosis and therapeutic management of colorectal cancer

International audienceIn the world, among all type of cancers, colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most commonly diagnosed in males and the second in females. In most of cases, (RP1) patients’ prognosis limitation with malignant tumors can be attributed to delayed diagnosis of the disease. Identification of patients with early-stage disease leads to more effective therapeutic interventions. Therefore, new screening methods and further innovative treatment approaches are mandatory as they may lead to an increase in progression-free and overall survival rates. For the last decade, the interest in extracellular vesicles (EVs) research has exponentially increased as EVs generation appears to be a universal feature of every cell that is strongly involved in many mechanisms of cell-cell communication either in physiological or pathological situations. EVs can cargo biomolecules, such as lipids, proteins, nucleic acids and generate transmission signal through the intercellular transfer of their content. By this mechanism, tumor cells can recruit and modify the adjacent and systemic microenvironment to support further invasion and dissemination. This review intends to cover the most recent literature on the role of EVs production in colorectal normal and cancer tissues. Specific attention is paid to the use of EVs for early CRC diagnosis, follow-up, and prognosis as EVs have come into the spotlight of research as a high potential source of ‘liquid biopsies’. The use of EVs as new targets or nanovectors as drug delivery systems for CRC therapy is also summarized