Strongly Enhanced Backward Emission of Electrons in Transfer and Ionization

We studied three-dimensional angular distributions and longitudinal momentum spectra of electrons ejected in transfer plus ionization (TI), i.e., the ejection of one and the capture of a second target electron, for ion-helium collisions. We observe a pronounced structure strongly focused opposite to the projectile beam direction, which we associate with a new correlated TI mechanism proposed recently. This process contributes significantly to the total cross sections over a broad range of perturbations η, even at η as large as 0.5, where uncorrelated TI mechanisms were thought to be dominant

State Selective Scattering Angle Dependent Capture Cross Sections Measured by Cold Target Recoil Ion Momentum Spectroscopy

We have developed a new kind of recoil ion momentum spectroscopy technique, using a precooled supersonic gas jet target, to determine state selective, scattering angle dependent cross sections for swift ion-atom collisions ( 0. 25 , ..., , 1 MeV He2+ on He), by measuring the transverse and longitudinal momentum of the recoil ion. A longitudinal momentum resolution of ± 0.13 a. u. was achieved, about a factor of 30 better than ever obtained before, which enables a clear separation of K and L shell capture. In the transverse direction a resolution corresponding to a projectile scattering angle uncertainty of Δ ϑ P = ±1 μ rad was obtained

Sequential and Direct Two-Photon Double Ionization of D₂ at Flash

Sequential and direct two-photon double ionization (DI) of D2 molecule is studied experimentally and theoretically at a photon energy of 38.8 eV. Experimental and theoretical kinetic energy releases of D++D+fragments, consisting of the contributions of sequential DI via the D2+(1sσg) state and direct DI via a virtual state, agree well with each other

Identification of Broad-Spectrum Antiviral Compounds by Targeting Viral Entry.

Viruses are a major threat to human health and economic well-being. In recent years Ebola, Zika, influenza, and chikungunya virus epidemics have raised awareness that infections can spread rapidly before vaccines or specific antagonists can be made available. Broad-spectrum antivirals are drugs with the potential to inhibit infection by viruses from different groups or families, which may be deployed during outbreaks when specific diagnostics, vaccines or directly acting antivirals are not available. While pathogen-directed approaches are generally effective against a few closely related viruses, targeting cellular pathways used by multiple viral agents can have broad-spectrum efficacy. Virus entry, particularly clathrin-mediated endocytosis, constitutes an attractive target as it is used by many viruses. Using a phenotypic screening strategy where the inhibitory activity of small molecules was sequentially tested against different viruses, we identified 12 compounds with broad-spectrum activity, and found a subset blocking viral internalisation and/or fusion. Importantly, we show that compounds identified with this approach can reduce viral replication in a mouse model of Zika infection. This work provides proof of concept that it is possible to identify broad-spectrum inhibitors by iterative phenotypic screenings, and that inhibition of host-pathways critical for viral life cycles can be an effective antiviral strategy

IL-35-producing B cells are critical regulators of immunity during autoimmune and infectious diseases

International audienceB lymphocytes have critical roles as positive and negative regulators of immunity. Their inhibitory function has been associated primarily with interleukin 10 (IL-10) because B-cell-derived IL-10 can protect against autoimmune disease and increase susceptibility to pathogens. Here we identify IL-35-producing B cells as key players in the negative regulation of immunity. Mice in which only B cells did not express IL-35 lost their ability to recover from the T-cell-mediated demyelinating autoimmune disease experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). In contrast, these mice displayed a markedly improved resistance to infection with the intracellular bacterial pathogen Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium as shown by their superior containment of the bacterial growth and their prolonged survival after primary infection, and upon secondary challenge, compared to control mice. The increased immunity found in mice lacking IL-35 production by B cells was associated with a higher activation of macrophages and inflammatory T cells, as well as an increased function of B cells as antigen-presenting cells (APCs). During Salmonella infection, IL-35- and IL-10-producing B cells corresponded to two largely distinct sets of surface-IgM(+)CD138(hi)TACI(+)CXCR4(+)CD1d(int)Tim1(int) plasma cells expressing the transcription factor Blimp1 (also known as Prdm1). During EAE, CD138(+) plasma cells were also the main source of B-cell-derived IL-35 and IL-10. Collectively, our data show the importance of IL-35-producing B cells in regulation of immunity and highlight IL-35 production by B cells as a potential therapeutic target for autoimmune and infectious diseases. This study reveals the central role of activated B cells, particularly plasma cells, and their production of cytokines in the regulation of immune responses in health and disease

Roadmap on photonic, electronic and atomic collision physics: I. Light-matter interaction

We publish three Roadmaps on photonic, electronic and atomic collision physics in order to celebrate the 60th anniversary of the ICPEAC conference. In Roadmap I, we focus on light-matter interaction. In this area, studies of ultrafast electronic and molecular dynamics have been rapidly growing, with the advent of new light sources such as attosecond lasers and X-ray free electron lasers. In parallel, experiments with established synchrotron radiation sources and femtosecond lasers using cutting- edge detection schemes are revealing new scientific insights that have never been exploited. Relevant theories are also being rapidly developed. Target samples for photon-impact experiments are expanding from atoms and small molecules to complex systems such as biomolecules, fullerene, clusters and solids. This Roadmap aims at looking back along the road, explaining the development of these fields, and looking forward, collecting contributions from twenty leading groups from the field

Disputatio Physica De Lacrymis Crocodili, Quam In Academia Wittebergensi Placido Philosophantium examini publice submittit Praeses, M. Gothofredus Voigt/ Delicio - Misnicus, Respondente Joachimo Dornero, Lubecensi ... Ad D. XV. Decemb. ... M.DC.LXVI.

DISPUTATIO PHYSICA DE LACRYMIS CROCODILI, QUAM IN ACADEMIA WITTEBERGENSI PLACIDO PHILOSOPHANTIUM EXAMINI PUBLICE SUBMITTIT PRAESES, M. GOTHOFREDUS VOIGT/ DELICIO - MISNICUS, RESPONDENTE JOACHIMO DORNERO, LUBECENSI ... AD D. XV. DECEMB. ... M.DC.LXVI. Disputatio Physica De Lacrymis Crocodili, Quam In Academia Wittebergensi Placido Philosophantium examini publice submittit Praeses, M. Gothofredus Voigt/ Delicio - Misnicus, Respondente Joachimo Dornero, Lubecensi ... Ad D. XV. Decemb. ... M.DC.LXVI. ([1]) Titelseite ([1]) Widmung ([1]) Text ([2]

On the sensitivity of PROMs during breast radiotherapy

Purpose: To investigate the sensitivity of patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) to detect treatment-related side effects in patients with breast cancer undergoing external beam photon radiotherapy. Methods: As part of daily clinical care, an in-house developed PROM tool was used to assess side effects in patients during a) whole-breast irradiation (WBI) to 40 Gy, b) WBI with a sequential boost of 10 Gy, and c) partial-breast irradiation (PBI) to 40 Gy. Results: 414 patients participated in this prospective study between October 2020 and January 2022, with 128 patients (31 %) receiving WBI, 241 (58 %) receiving WBI followed by a sequential boost, and 50 patients (12 %) receiving PBI. Significant differences in the reported toxicities (itching, radiation skin reaction, skin darkening, and tenderness and swelling) were reported between the WBI cohorts with and without boost (p < 0.001, p < 0.001, p < 0.001, and p = 0.002, respectively). The comparison of PBI with WBI (no-boost) yielded significant differences for radiation skin reaction (p < 0.001). Conclusion: The results highlight the high sensitivity of PROMs to detect treatment-related side effects in patients with breast cancer. Thus, PROMs may be a valuable tool for quality control and may support evidence-based learning from real-world data originating from daily routine care