86 research outputs found
Tumores óseos de la pelvis
Se presenta la experiencia del Servicio de Ortopedia del Adulto del Hospital
«Ramón y Cajal», en neoplasias de la pelvis, desde su creación hasta la actualidad, siendo 61
los pacientes recogidos y no se hace un trabajo estadístico, sino más bien se muestran las peculiaridades
recogidas con la experiencia, que abarca desde la abstención en algunos casos de tumores
secundarios, y el simple curetage hasta las grandes sustituciones con homoinjertos de
banco, relacionándolo a su vez con publicaciones de aparición más o menos moderna sobre este
tema, para concluir que se trata de una cirugía no exenta de complicaciones y problemas,
pero necesaria a la hora de proporcionar a los enfermos curaciones, que le ofrezcan una salida
a este difícil problema.The experience of Adult Orthopaedics Unit at the Hospital «Ramón y Cajal»,
Madrid, treating patients with malignant tumors of the pelvic bons is presented. In this paper,
the results after surgery are not reported in terms of statistical analysis. The aún of this work is
to comment the surgical experience covering from simple curettage to great bone replacement
using bank allografts. The message is that surgical treatment of pelvic tumors is not exent of
complications, but it seems to be worth in order to offer a better quality of Ufe for patients
The porin and the permeating antibiotic: A selective diffusion barrier in gram-negative bacteria
Gram-negative bacteria are responsible for a large proportion of antibiotic resistant bacterial diseases. These bacteria have a complex cell envelope that comprises an outer membrane and an inner membrane that delimit the periplasm. The outer membrane contains various protein channels, called porins, which are involved in the influx of various compounds, including several classes of antibiotics. Bacterial adaptation to reduce influx through porins is an increasing problem worldwide that contributes, together with efflux systems, to the emergence and dissemination of antibiotic resistance. An exciting challenge is to decipher the genetic and molecular basis of membrane impermeability as a bacterial resistance mechanism. This Review outlines the bacterial response towards antibiotic stress on altered membrane permeability and discusses recent advances in molecular approaches that are improving our knowledge of the physico-chemical parameters that govern the translocation of antibiotics through porin channel
Emergent and re-emergent parasites in HIV-infected children: immunological and socio-environmental conditions that are involved in the transmission of Giardia spp. and Cryptosporidium spp.
How β-Lactam Antibiotics Enter Bacteria: A Dialogue with the Porins
BACKGROUND:Multi-drug resistant (MDR) infections have become a major concern in hospitals worldwide. This study investigates membrane translocation, which is the first step required for drug action on internal bacterial targets. beta-lactams, a major antibiotic class, use porins to pass through the outer membrane barrier of Gram-negative bacteria. Clinical reports have linked the MDR phenotype to altered membrane permeability including porin modification and efflux pump expression.
METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS:
Here influx of beta-lactams through the major Enterobacter aerogenes porin Omp36 is characterized. Conductance measurements through a single Omp36 trimer reconstituted into a planar lipid bilayer allowed us to count the passage of single beta-lactam molecules. Statistical analysis of each transport event yielded the kinetic parameters of antibiotic travel through Omp36 and distinguishable translocation properties of beta-lactams were quantified for ertapenem and cefepime. Expression of Omp36 in an otherwise porin-null bacterial strain is shown to confer increases in the killing rate of these antibiotics and in the corresponding bacterial susceptibility.
CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE:
We propose the idea of a molecular "passport" that allows rapid transport of substrates through porins. Deciphering antibiotic translocation provides new insights for the design of novel drugs that may be highly effective at passing through the porin constriction zone. Such data may hold the key for the next generation of antibiotics capable of rapid intracellular accumulation to circumvent the further development MDR infections
New Mutations in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia Identified by Target Enrichment and Deep Sequencing
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is a heterogeneous disease without a well-defined genetic alteration responsible for the onset of the disease. Several lines of evidence coincide in identifying stimulatory and growth signals delivered by B-cell receptor (BCR), and co-receptors together with NFkB pathway, as being the driving force in B-cell survival in CLL. However, the molecular mechanism responsible for this activation has not been identified. Based on the hypothesis that BCR activation may depend on somatic mutations of the BCR and related pathways we have performed a complete mutational screening of 301 selected genes associated with BCR signaling and related pathways using massive parallel sequencing technology in 10 CLL cases. Four mutated genes in coding regions (KRAS, SMARCA2, NFKBIE and PRKD3) have been confirmed by capillary sequencing. In conclusion, this study identifies new genes mutated in CLL, all of them in cases with progressive disease, and demonstrates that next-generation sequencing technologies applied to selected genes or pathways of interest are powerful tools for identifying novel mutational changes
Measuring efficiency and productivity in professional football teams: Evidence from the English Premier League
Professional football clubs are unusual businesses, their performance judged on and off the field of play. This study is concerned with measuring the efficiency of clubs in the English Premier League. Information from clubs’ financial statements is used as a measure of corporate performance. To measure changes in efficiency and productivity the Malmquist non-parametric technique has been used. This is derived from the Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) linear programming approach, with Canonical Correlation Analysis (CCA) being used to ensure the cohesion of the input-output variables. The study concludes that while clubs operate close to efficient levels for the assessed models, there is limited technological advance in their performance in terms of the displacement of the technological frontier
BiFiSo-CSIC: balance de una lucha multidisciplinar contra la pandemia
En marzo de 2020 se declaró el estado de emergencia en España a raíz de una pandemia causada por el virus llamado SARS-CoV-2. La enfermedad, denominada COVID-19, produce una gran letalidad en personas de edad avanzada. Estas excepcionales circunstancias dictaron medidas inéditas en nuestro país: confinamiento domiciliario, cierre de colegios y comercios no esenciales.
El Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) reaccionó de inmediato: recién iniciado el confinamiento todos los investigadores de esta institución fueron convocados para dedicar parte de su tiempo a investigar sobre la pandemia.
La respuesta fue instantánea y personas de todas las áreas de investigación se brindaron a contribuir con su granito de arena. Lo que al principio iba a suponer una media del 20% del tiempo de cada investigador pasó a ocupar toda la jornada: y así hasta hoy. En este contexto surge el proyecto BiFiSo, en el cual desde la biología, la filosofía o la antropología hemos estudiado y explicado la pandemia, complementando mutuamente la visión de nuestras respectivas especialidades.Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas aporta financiación como institución fundacional de The Conversation ES. Universidad de Málaga aporta financiación como institución colaboradora de The Conversation ES.Peer reviewe
Formation of galaxies in {\Lambda}CDM cosmologies. I. The fine structure of disc galaxies
We present a detailed analysis of the global and fine structure of four
middle-mass disc galaxies obtained from simulations in a CDM scenario.
These objects have photometric D/T ratios in good agreement with those observed
for late-type spirals, as well as kinematic properties in agreement with the
observational Tully-Fisher relation. We identify the different dynamical
components at z=0 on the basis of both orbital parameters and the binding
energy of stars in the galaxy. In this way, we recognize a slowly rotating
centrally concentrated spheroid, and two disc components supported by rotation:
a thin disc with stars in nearly circular orbits, and a thick disc with orbital
parameters transitional between the thin disc and the spheroid. The spheroidal
component is composed mainly by old, metal-poor and {\alpha}-enhanced stars.
The distribution of metals in this component shows, however, a clear bimodality
with a low-metallicity peak, which could be related to a classical bulge, and a
high-metallicity peak, which could be related to a pseudo-bulge. The thin disc
appears in our simulations as the youngest and most metal-rich component. The
radial distribution of ages and colours in this component are U-shaped: the new
stars are forming in the inner regions, and then migrate through secular
processes. Finally, we also find a thick disc containing about 16% of the total
stellar mass and with properties that are intermediate between those of the
thin disc and the spheroid. Its low-metallicity stars are {\alpha}-enhanced
when compared to thin disc stars of the same metallicity. The structural
parameters (e.g., the scale height) of the simulated thick discs suggest that
such a component could result from the combination of different thickening
mechanisms that include merger-driven processes, but also long-lived internal
perturbations of the thin disc. [Abridged]Comment: 23 pages, 16 figures, accepted for publication in MNRAS, references
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Automotivación y planificación en el aprendizaje de las enseñanzas técnicas
El Plan de Acción Tutorial (PAT) de la Escuela Politécnica Superior (EPS) tiene por filosofía su voluntariedad, está abierto a todos aquellos tutores y estudiantes que de manera voluntaria deseen formar parte del plan. Esto permite que el trabajo se realice más satisfactoriamente tanto por parte de tutores como por parte de los estudiantes. Con esta memoria nos proponemos presentar nuestras experiencias en el desarrollo del PAT de nuestro centro. La automotivación consiste en aprender a conocerse uno mismo y ser consciente de lo que te permite producir ese combustible para ponerte en acción, disfrutando en tu día a día. Nadie duda que una baja motivación para alcanzar una meta puede representar una barrera, a veces demasiado grande, para poder alcanzar nuestros objetivos. En el marco del PAT de la EPS hemos desarrollado diversos talleres vivenciales para analizar la influencia de la automotivación y la organización en el proceso de aprendizaje de las enseñanzas técnicas
Guidelines for the use and interpretation of assays for monitoring autophagy (4th edition)1.
In 2008, we published the first set of guidelines for standardizing research in autophagy. Since then, this topic has received increasing attention, and many scientists have entered the field. Our knowledge base and relevant new technologies have also been expanding. Thus, it is important to formulate on a regular basis updated guidelines for monitoring autophagy in different organisms. Despite numerous reviews, there continues to be confusion regarding acceptable methods to evaluate autophagy, especially in multicellular eukaryotes. Here, we present a set of guidelines for investigators to select and interpret methods to examine autophagy and related processes, and for reviewers to provide realistic and reasonable critiques of reports that are focused on these processes. These guidelines are not meant to be a dogmatic set of rules, because the appropriateness of any assay largely depends on the question being asked and the system being used. Moreover, no individual assay is perfect for every situation, calling for the use of multiple techniques to properly monitor autophagy in each experimental setting. Finally, several core components of the autophagy machinery have been implicated in distinct autophagic processes (canonical and noncanonical autophagy), implying that genetic approaches to block autophagy should rely on targeting two or more autophagy-related genes that ideally participate in distinct steps of the pathway. Along similar lines, because multiple proteins involved in autophagy also regulate other cellular pathways including apoptosis, not all of them can be used as a specific marker for bona fide autophagic responses. Here, we critically discuss current methods of assessing autophagy and the information they can, or cannot, provide. Our ultimate goal is to encourage intellectual and technical innovation in the field
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