Neuroinflammation after intracerebral hemorrhage

Spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is a particularly severe type of stroke for which no specific treatment has been established yet. Although preclinical models of ICH have substantial methodological limitations, important insight into the pathophysiology has been gained. Mounting evidence suggests an important contribution of inflammatory mechanisms to brain damage and potential repair. Neuroinflammation evoked by intracerebral blood involves the activation of resident microglia, the infiltration of systemic immune cells and the production of cytokines, chemokines, extracellular proteases and reactive oxygen species (ROS). Previous studies focused on innate immunity including microglia, monocytes and granulocytes. More recently, the role of adaptive immune cells has received increasing attention. Little is currently known about the interactions among different immune cell populations in the setting of ICH. Nevertheless, immunomodulatory strategies are already being explored in ICH. To improve the chances of translation from preclinical models to patients, a better characterization of the neuroinflammation in patients is desirable

Activities of the Interior and Exposition Department of the Royal Palace of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania (GDL) and Recreation work on the Palace in 2005

The Lithuanian Art Museum (LAM) has been taking an active part in the formulation of ideas concerning the recreation of the Royal Palace of the GDL and specific works since 1998. At the request of the then Minister of Culture, the museum prepared and in January 1999 presented The Guidelines on Dukes’Palace which outlined prospective expositions and multifunctional activities in the future institution. On 2nd October 2002, the Minister of Culture charged Romualdas Budrys, Director of the LAM, to work out a program for the recreation and adaptation of the GDL Royal Palace for representational, museum and educational functions. In the early 2003, the LAM presented The Outline of the Program for the Interiors of the Royal Palace of the GDL and Their Adaptation for Representational, Museum and Educational Functions (second edition), which was approved at the 1st April sitting of the Coordination Commission of the Ministry of Culture for the implementation of the conception of the function of the GDL Royal Palace. On 18th February 2005, the obligation of the Minister of Culture to the LAM concerning the preparation of the program and the implementation of the interior and exposition program of the Royal Palace was updated and complemented, charging not only to work out a program for the recreation of the interiors of the GDL Royal Palace and their adaptation for representational, museum and educational function but also to implement it.In the publication, the author thoroughly presents information about the activities of the Department of the Interior and Exposition of the GDL Royal Palace in 2005, established at the LAM on 28th October 2002, its staff, the links of the LAM with other local and foreign institutions, implementing its mission in the sphere of the recreation and adaptation of the Royal Palace for representational, museum and educational functions

Valdovų rūmų atkūrimui skirtos ekspozicijos Taikomosios dailės muziejuje

The article discusses expositions mounted at the Museum of Applied Art. The themes of exhibitions are as follows: the heritage of Lithuanian sacral art and the re-establishment of the Grand Ducal Castle of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. Both relevant cultural and heritage protection themes are presented at the museum in several forms. These are regularly renewed long-term expositions, temporary national and international exhibitions, various evenings of culture and scientific events (concerts of classical music, spectaculars, lectures, seminars, meetings, etc.). Almost a thousand exhibits were displayed at the exhibition “Findings of the Grand Ducal Castle of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania” opened in 2004 – the most valuable, interesting and informative findings, which were found and collected during the archaeological investigations consistently and systematically carried out by the specialists of the Castle Investigation Centre “Lietuvos pilys” in the territory of the Grand Ducal Castle from 1987 (a total of 300 000 various findings have been collected during almost two decades). The Museum of Applied Art is becoming the most significant centre of presenting the most important European project of the re-establishment a historical residence of the Grand Ducal Castle of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania of programme of Lithuania’s millennium carried out under the most unique conditions to both to the public of Lithuania and foreign guests, the place of relevant issues of national and international discussions

Reflections of t e cultural relations within the Grand Duchy of Lithuania in the treasury of Vilnius cathedral

The article looks into the cultural exchange and artistic relations of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania; using as its subject valuables from Vilnius Cathedral's treasury. The article explores how these valuables bear witness to such cultural exchanges and investigates the geography of their origins. These valuables of sacred art, which were imported to Lithuania and have been kept in the treasury of Vilnius Cathedral until today, confirm the geography of the origins of the schema of GDL cultural and artistic relations that exist within the historiography of Lithuanian art and architecture. However, these valuables also provide us with new information and highlight some o f the trends and nuances of the chronological intensity and nature of these relations. For example, during the Gothic period, aside from the vicinal and Middle Europe regions, there were also more intense contacts between the GDL and Hungary, and also Italy. During the Renaissance period, a stronger orientation towards the Southwest was noticeable, i.e. connections with Italy were developed further; these artistic contacts assume the character of direct exchanges. Contacts with Middle Europe were also further developed. The geography of artistic exchanges becomes rather more expansive during the epoch of Baroque, As reregards the valuable themselves, many of the more masterfully created examples of the jeweler's art in Vilnius Cathedral's treasury were simply named as works of the'Augsburg's work" in the contemporary inventories of Vilnius Cathedral. These slender art works of Classicism, mostly created by local masters, do not allow us to make wider generalizations, though it is possible to see the natural intensification of the contact with the centre of the epoch of the Enlightenment, France (for example, the use of a fabric for ornaments).At the turn of the 18th and 19th centuries, after the division of the Republic of the Two Nations, when the larger part of Lithuania was incorporated into the Russian Empire, the traditional cultural relations of the GDL were partially disturbed as their intensity and directions changed. Many works of the jeweler's art appeared in the treasury of Vilnius Cathedral during the periods of Classicism and Historicism; these works of art were created in Russia (St. Petersburg, Moscow) and Poland. Nevertheless, Italy, Germany, Austria, France still remained important partners of cultural and artistic exchanges. Vilnius Cathedral treasury's surviving examples of jewelry and textiles bear strong witness to the artistic tendencies and preferences of this most important Catholic Lithuanian Temple. They are also testament to the fact that the most eminent and able Lithuanian patrons sought to secure the services of the most prominent and productive centers of handicraft, in this way insuring a rather high level of finished artistic product