1,228 research outputs found
Towards a Political Ecology of Nutritional Transitions in Central America: The Construction of Nutrient-Deficient Ecologies
Emotion regulation strategies in bipolar disorder: A systematic and critical review
Background
Theoretical frameworks emphasise associations between interpretations and responses to affect and bipolar disorder (BD). This review (PROSPERO CRD42016043801) investigated which emotion regulation (ER) strategies have been applied to BD, are elevated in BD compared to clinical and non-clinical controls, and are associated with clinical and functional outcomes in BD
Methods
Search terms relating to emotion regulation, coping and bipolar disorder were entered into Embase, MedLine and PsycInfo. Quantitative studies investigating relationships between ER strategies and BD were eligible for this narrative synthesis
Results
A large volume of research (n = 47) investigated specific ER strategies in BD. Maladaptive strategies such as rumination and dampening were elevated in BD compared to controls and these particular strategies had a detrimental impact on outcomes such as mood symptoms. BD had a similar profile of ER strategies to unipolar depression, but there was limited comparison to other clinical groups. People with BD did not generally have deficits in using adaptive strategies, as evidenced by comparisons with controls and experimental studies
Limitations
Methodological heterogeneity and a lack of ecologically valid ER assessments
Conclusions
Empirical literature is critiqued in line with contemporary theories of BD and of emotion regulation more generally, in order to inform future research recommendations. This includes investigation of the importance of context in the impact of ER strategies, and discrepancies between trait and state use of ER strategies, particularly through experience sampling
Faculty Recital: John Warren and Friends
KSU School of Music presents John Warren and Friends featuring Associate Professor of Clarinet, John Warren.https://digitalcommons.kennesaw.edu/musicprograms/1653/thumbnail.jp
Drivers and health implications of the dietary transition among Inuit in the Canadian Arctic : a scoping review
Objective:
The current study undertook a systematic scoping review on the drivers and implications of dietary changes among Inuit in the Canadian Arctic.
Design:
A keyword search of peer-reviewed articles was performed using PubMed, Web of Science, CINAHL, Academic Search Premier, Circumpolar Health Bibliographic Database and High North Research Documents. Eligibility criteria included all full-text articles of any design reporting on research on food consumption, nutrient intake, dietary adequacy, dietary change, food security, nutrition-related chronic diseases or traditional food harvesting and consumption among Inuit populations residing in Canada. Articles reporting on in vivo and in vitro experiments or on health impacts of environmental contaminants were excluded.
Results:
A total of 162 studies were included. Studies indicated declining country food (CF) consumption in favour of market food (MF). Drivers of this transition include colonial processes, poverty and socio-economic factors, changing food preferences and knowledge, and climate change. Health implications of the dietary transition are complex. Micro-nutrient deficiencies and dietary inadequacy are serious concerns and likely exacerbated by increased consumption of non-nutrient dense MF. Food insecurity, overweight, obesity and related cardiometabolic health outcomes are growing public health concerns. Meanwhile, declining CF consumption is entangled with shifting culture and traditional knowledge, with potential implications for psychological, spiritual, social and cultural health and well-being.
Conclusions:
By exploring and synthesising published literature, this review provides insight into the complex factors influencing Inuit diet and health. Findings may be informative for future research, decision-making and intersectoral actions around risk assessment, food policy and innovative community programmes
Broader impacts of an intervention to transform school environments on student behaviour and school functioning: post hoc analyses from the INCLUSIVE cluster randomised controlled trial.
BACKGROUND: We have previously reported benefits for reduced bullying, smoking, alcohol and other drug use and mental health from a trial of 'Learning Together', an intervention that aimed to modify school environments and implement restorative practice and a social and emotional skill curriculum. OBJECTIVES: To conduct post hoc theory-driven analyses of broader impacts. DESIGN: Cluster randomised trial. SETTINGS: 40 state secondary schools in southern England. PARTICIPANTS: Students aged 11/12 years at baseline. OUTCOMES: Student self-reported measures at 24 and 36 months of: cyberbullying victimisation and perpetration; observations of other students perpetrating aggressive behaviours at school; own perpetration of aggressive behaviours in and outside school; perceived lack of safety at school; participation in school disciplinary procedures; truancy and e-cigarette use. RESULTS: We found evidence of multiple impacts on other health (reduced e-cigarette use, cyberbullying perpetration, perpetration of aggressive behaviours) and educational (reduced participation in school disciplinary procedures and truancy) outcomes. CONCLUSION: These analyses suggested that the intervention was effective in bringing about a broader range of beneficial outcomes, adding to the evidence that the intervention is a promising approach to promote adolescent health via an intervention that is attractive to schools. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: ISRCTN10751359
DNA looping provides stability and robustness to the bacteriophage lambda switch
The bistable gene regulatory switch controlling the transition from lysogeny
to lysis in bacteriophage lambda presents a unique challenge to quantitative
modeling. Despite extensive characterization of this regulatory network, the
origin of the extreme stability of the lysogenic state remains unclear. We have
constructed a stochastic model for this switch. Using Forward Flux Sampling
simulations, we show that this model predicts an extremely low rate of
spontaneous prophage induction in a recA mutant, in agreement with experimental
observations. In our model, the DNA loop formed by octamerization of CI bound
to the O_L and O_R operator regions is crucial for stability, allowing the
lysogenic state to remain stable even when a large fraction of the total CI is
depleted by nonspecific binding to genomic DNA. DNA looping also ensures that
the switch is robust to mutations in the order of the O_R binding sites. Our
results suggest that DNA looping can provide a mechanism to maintain a stable
lysogenic state in the face of a range of challenges including noisy gene
expression, nonspecific DNA binding and operator site mutations.Comment: In press on PNAS. Single file contains supplementary inf
Thermal history modeling of the H chondrite parent body
The cooling histories of individual meteorites can be empirically
reconstructed by using ages from different radioisotopic chronometers with
distinct closure temperatures. For a group of meteorites derived from a single
parent body such data permit the reconstruction of the cooling history and
properties of that body. Particularly suited are H chondrites because precise
radiometric ages over a wide range of closure temperatures are available. A
thermal evolution model for the H chondrite parent body is constructed by using
all H chondrites for which at least three different radiometric ages are
available. Several key parameters determining the thermal evolution of the H
chondrite parent body and the unknown burial depths of the H chondrites are
varied until an optimal fit is obtained. The fit is performed by an 'evolution
algorithm'. Empirical data for eight samples are used for which radiometric
ages are available for at least three different closure temperatures. A set of
parameters for the H chondrite parent body is found that yields excellent
agreement (within error bounds) between the thermal evolution model and
empirical data of six of the examined eight chondrites. The new thermal model
constrains the radius and formation time of the H chondrite parent body
(possibly (6) Hebe), the initial burial depths of the individual H chondrites,
the average surface temperature of the body, the average initial porosity of
the material the body accreted from, and the initial 60Fe content of the H
chondrite parent body.Comment: 16 pages, 7 figure
Information content based model for the topological properties of the gene regulatory network of Escherichia coli
Gene regulatory networks (GRN) are being studied with increasingly precise
quantitative tools and can provide a testing ground for ideas regarding the
emergence and evolution of complex biological networks. We analyze the global
statistical properties of the transcriptional regulatory network of the
prokaryote Escherichia coli, identifying each operon with a node of the
network. We propose a null model for this network using the content-based
approach applied earlier to the eukaryote Saccharomyces cerevisiae. (Balcan et
al., 2007) Random sequences that represent promoter regions and binding
sequences are associated with the nodes. The length distributions of these
sequences are extracted from the relevant databases. The network is constructed
by testing for the occurrence of binding sequences within the promoter regions.
The ensemble of emergent networks yields an exponentially decaying in-degree
distribution and a putative power law dependence for the out-degree
distribution with a flat tail, in agreement with the data. The clustering
coefficient, degree-degree correlation, rich club coefficient and k-core
visualization all agree qualitatively with the empirical network to an extent
not yet achieved by any other computational model, to our knowledge. The
significant statistical differences can point the way to further research into
non-adaptive and adaptive processes in the evolution of the E. coli GRN.Comment: 58 pages, 3 tables, 22 figures. In press, Journal of Theoretical
Biology (2009)
Enhancing effective healthcare communication in Australia and Aotearoa New Zealand: Considerations for research, teaching, policy, and practice.
OBJECTIVE
In this article we present a conceptual framework for enhancing effective healthcare communication in Australia and Aotearoa New Zealand.
METHODS
Through an iterative, deliberative dialogue approach, we, as experts from a variety of health professions and academic disciplines, worked together to identify core values and considerations for healthcare communication across numerous health professions and disciplines and within research, teaching, policy, and practice contexts.
RESULTS
The framework developed includes five core values at its centre: equitable, inclusive, evidence-based, collaborative, reflective. Around this are concentric circles showing key elements of collaborators, modality, context, and purpose. Each of these is explored.
CONCLUSION
This work may support benchmarking for healthcare providers, researchers, policymakers, and educators across a breadth of professions to help improve communication in clinical practice. The framework will also help to identify areas across disciplines that are shared and potentially idiosyncratic for various professions to promote interprofessional recognition, education, and collaboration.
INNOVATION
This framework is designed to start conversations, to form the foundation of a dialogue about the priorities and key considerations for developing teaching curricula, professional development, and research programs related to healthcare communication, providing a set of values specifically for the unique contexts of Australia and Aotearoa New Zealand. It can also be used to guide interdisciplinary healthcare professionals in advancing research, teaching, policy, and practice related to healthcare communication
Characterizing SRAM Single Event Upset in Terms of Single and Double Node Charge Collection
A well-collapse source-injection mode for SRAM SEU is demonstrated through TCAD modeling. The recovery of the SRAM s state is shown to be based upon the resistive path from the p+-sources in the SRAM to the well. Multiple cell upset patterns for direct charge collection and the well-collapse source-injection mechanisms are then predicted and compared to recent SRAM test data
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