Who were the Danish nazis? A methodological report on an ongoing project

Die Autorin untersucht die dänische DNSAP, die 1930 gegründet und 1945 aufgelöst wurde. Der empirische Teil der Analyse soll drei Fragen beantworten: Wer waren die Mitglieder der DNSAP; wie verhielt sich ihre Mitgliederstruktur zur Gesamtstruktur der dänischen Gesellschaft; welche sozialen, ökonomischen und politischen Ursachen haben diese Mitgliederstruktur bestimmt? Auf theoretischer, vergleichender Ebene soll geklärt werden, ob das Rekrutierungsfeld der dänischen Faschisten dem der norwegischen gleicht und welche Generalisierungen sich aus diesem Vergleich ergeben. Die Autorin stellt die sozialen, historischen und politischen Rahmenbedingungen vor, in die die Entwicklung der DNSAP eingeordnet wird. Im weiteren werden der Entwicklungsstand des Projekts, die Datenbasis, das methodische Vorgehen und bisherige Ergebnisse vorgestellt. (BG

Towards a critical phenomenology of sensibility: transforming transcendence with Husserl, Levinas, and Merleau-Ponty

Contra the privileging of perception in phenomenological accounts of bodily existence, this thesis develops a notion of sensibility which, it argues, is needed in order to account for the contextual structuring of the ways in which our bodies come to move, feel, and touch. From a feminist perspective, it begins to develop a critical phenomenology of sensibility through a tracing of the notion of transcendence such as this operates in the works of Edmund Husserl, Emmanuel Levinas, and Maurice Merleau-Ponty. Transcendence is argued to work most basically at the level of bodily sensibility rather than consciousness or perception. Sensibility is defined as a pre-reflective and pre-perceptual dimension through which the body is open to material and historical change and transformation. It is argued that whilst sensibility does not ‘appear’ in any traditional phenomenological sense, it is precisely this notion of sensibility that unlocks the critical and political potential of a phenomenology of bodily life. This argument is demonstrated in three parts. Part one on Husserl uncovers a notion of sensibility that is operative in Ideas II and investigates the temporality of sensibility through a critical transposition of his theory of time to the level of bodily movement. Part two develops the notions of assimilative and non-assimilative sensibility through an ontological, rather than ethical, reading of Levinas. Taking a feminist critical approach, it engages his late thinking on diachrony in order to formulate a notion of the body as an original intercorporeality through the fact of having been born. Part three argues, contra Merleau-Ponty’s claim that perception is primary, that a notion of sensibility is operative in the Phenomenology which pushes this work towards the ontology of the flesh. In dialogue with the feminist literature on sex and gender, it analyses the contextually specific structuring of the erotic as a modality of sensibility. This excavation of transcendence as sensibility is in each part shown to push classical phenomenology towards its own transformation from within. Thus, the thesis lays the groundworks, from within ‘classical’ phenomenology, for a critical phenomenology of sensibility which, it argues, can account for the ways in which bodily existence and experience is structured in interaction with material, social, and historical factors that are not themselves ‘given’ in experience

Doing business in Libya: assessing the nature and effectiveness of international marketing programs in an evolving economy

The aim of this paper is to investigate, in one emerging Arab economy (Libya), the strategic and tactical choices of MNE (multinational enterprise) domestic appliance brands and, also, the attitudes of local consumers towards those choices. Various choice characteristics are investigated - including marketing mix standardization/adaptation - and, also, country-of-origin brand (COB). To establish extant organizational choices, local representatives of four established brands were interviewed and survey responses from 609 consumer were analyzed. No statistically discernible relationship between standardization/adaptation choices and consumer attitude towards marketing programs was found, but the study identified one especially successful brand that appeared to owe its achievements to an especially holistic approach to marketing that demonstrated 'fit' with the market concerned. Coincidentally, findings also address the conventional country-of-origin wisdom, and this is investigated/speculated upon accordingly. This is one of few marketing studies concerning Libya, and it adds to the limited literature on an increasingly relevant region

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Levinas and the Time of Sensibility: A Material Transcendence?

Critically tracing the genealogy of the notion of transcendence in Levinas\u27s oeuvre, this paper challenges the standard conception according to which this central Levinasian notion designates what is inherently immaterial. I emphasise the importance of the early formulation, from the 1930s and 40s, of transcendence as the need to escape materiality and the body to better understand Levinas\u27s later insistence, in Totality and Infinity, upon an absolute transcendence. Through a critical engagement with this work, I develop the notion of a "non-assimilative sensibility" as the modality of the "experience" of the face. Whilst emphasising fecundity as the concretisation of transcendence in Totality and Infinity, I argue, however, that it is not until "substitution" that Levinas finds his resolution to the need for escape, as the synchronic alterity of the face and the diachronic alterity of fecundity merge in the sensible materiality of the body itself. We shall thus trace the way in which the notion of an infinite or absolute transcendence, as if despite Levinas\u27s own intentions, transcends itself, and in the end returns to the immanence or the basic materiality of the sensible body