Supplementation of cereal straws with lucerne and sugar beet pulp in diets for ruminants

The aim of this work was to study the effects of supplementing untreated (US) and ammonia-treated (TS) barley straw with lucerne (L) and/or unmolassed sugar beet pulp (BP) on the digestibility and intake of the dietary components in ruminants. Coarsely shredded straw was fed ad libitum and pelleted supplements at restricted levels.Rumen-fistulated steers and wethers were offered a diet containing (g/kg diet, DM basis): 760 US and 240 L. The in sacco degradation of US and L, estimated with the dacron bag technique, was similar for both species at most incubation times (5, 8, 11, 14, 24, 48 and 72 h). The differences for pH, ammonia-nitrogen (NH₃-N) and volatile fatty acids (VFA) in the rumen were small and inconsistent among times post-feeding. The daily straw organic matter intake (OMI, per kg LW⁰.⁷⁵ or LW⁰.⁹) was higher in steers than in wethers.In two experiments, mature rumen-fistulated wethers were offered either US or TS supplemented with L at levels of (g/kg diet, DM basis): 0, 160, 320 and 480. These diets were also fed to 35-kg wethers in two digestibility and intake trials. Increasing the level of lucerne had little or no effects on the in sacco degradation of straw and lucerne nor on most parameters of rumen fermentation. The in vivo digestibility and metabolizable energy (ME) of the diets and the N retained by the sheep increased linearly as the level of lucerne increased. The organic matter digestibility (OMD) and ME for US and TS fed alone were 0.40 and 0.60 and 5.1 and 8.5 MJ per kg DM, respectively. There was little or no replacement of the straws by lucerne.Comminution and passage of chromium-mordanted straws were studied with mature rumen-fistulated wethers offered four diets: US and TS alone or supplemented with L at 480 g per kg diet, DM basis. The rates of comminution of large straw particles (retained on sieves with aperture size > 1.18 mm) in the rumen were similar among treatments (0.055 per h). The rate of escape of small straw particles (passing through a 1.18-mm sieve) from the rumen was faster for the supplemented TS (0.033 per h) than for the other diets (0.021 per h).In two experiments, mature rum en-fistulated wethers were offered either US and pellets at 320 g per kg diet, DM basis or TS and pellets at 480 g per kg diet, DM basis. The pellets contained L:BP in the following relative proportions: 3:0 (US-OBP and TS-0BP); 2:1 (US-33BP and TS-33BP); 1:2 (US-67BP and TS-67BP) and 0:3 (US-100BP and TS-100BP). The diets were also fed to 35-kg wethers in two digestibility and intake trials. Although the differences were mostly non-significant, rumen pH and NH₃-N tended to decrease while total rumen VFA tended to increase as the level of BP increased. The in sacco degradation of straw tended to be higher for diet US-100BP than for diet US-OBP. It tended to increase between diets TS-0BP and TS-67BP and then to decrease for diet TS-100BP. There were indications of positive associative effects of L and BP (1:2 ratio) on the intake and/or digestibility of the total diet. The US-OMI increased linearly whereas the TS-OMI remained constant as the level of BP increased.It was concluded that lucerne and sugar beet pulp were effective supplements for barley straws as they generally maintained or increased the digestibility and/or intake of the straws and also increased significantly the intake of digestible nutrients

Scalar Perturbations of two-dimensional Horava-Lifshitz Black Holes

In this article, we study the stability of black hole solutions found in the context of dilatonic Horava-Lifshitz gravity in $1+1$ dimensions by means of the quasinormal modes approach. In order to find the corresponding quasinormal modes, we consider the perturbations of massive and massless scalar fields minimally coupled to gravity. In both cases, we found that the quasinormal modes have a discrete spectrum and are completely imaginary, which leads to damping modes. For a massive scalar field and a non-vanishing cosmological constant, our results suggest unstable behaviour for large values of the scalar field mass.Comment: 18 pages, 1 figure. Accepted version in EPJC. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:gr-qc/070109

Geographic web application predial to natural national parks of Colombia

Este aplicativo involucra información geográfica y alfanumérica predial, oficialmente reportada por los catastros nacionales, organizada en una base de datos relacional, publicada a través de geoservicios y vinculada al gestor documental de la EntidadThis application involves geographic and alphanumeric information of the properties officially reported by land registry. The same is organized in a relational database, published using GeoServices and linked to the documentary manager of the entit

Geographic web application predial to natural national parks of Colombia

Este aplicativo involucra información geográfica y alfanumérica predial, oficialmente reportada por los catastros nacionales, organizada en una base de datos relacional, publicada a través de geoservicios y vinculada al gestor documental de la EntidadThis application involves geographic and alphanumeric information of the properties officially reported by land registry. The same is organized in a relational database, published using GeoServices and linked to the documentary manager of the entit

Corte Suprema de Justicia Vs la huelga de la Asociación Colombiana de Aviadores Civiles (ACDAC) 2017. Análisis de sentencias C 033 del 2014 y T 987 de 2012

Artículo de ReflexiónEsta investigación busca analizar desde una perspectiva general, los argumentos utilizados por la Corte Suprema de Justica para declarar la ilegalidad de la huelga de la Asociación Colombiana de Aviadores Civiles en contra de la aerolínea Avianca, toda vez que fundamentan su decisión en las sentencias C- 033 del 2014 y la sentencia T-987 del 2012, las cuales aducen no haber seguido el procedimiento correspondiente, la Corte alega que el proceso de votación para instaurar la huelga no ha contado con las mayorías establecidas legalmente para hacer la huelga y a su vez por recaer sobre un servicio público esencial que el gobierno nacional ha establecido en la sentencia C - 450 del año 1995, no obstante, no se analizan los derechos sindicales con los que cuentan los operadores aéreos, motivo por el cual se debe realizar un análisis minucioso a los derechos adquiridos por parte de los operadores ya que una de las razones por las cuales se ha dado origen a este conflicto es la difícil situación laboral en la que se encuentran los pilotos, debido a que no se les ha garantizado el derecho al debido proceso.1. Introducción 2. Sindicatos en Colombia y su análisis comparativo al caso en concreto 3. Origen del conflicto 4. El transporte aéreo como servicio público esencial y el derecho a la huelga 5. Análisis de las sentencias C-033 del 2014 y T-987 del 2012. 6. Decisión de la Corte Suprema de Justicia 7. Conclusiones 8. ReferenciasPregradoAbogad

Contributions of cluster shape and intercellular adhesion to epithelial discohesion and emergent dynamics in collective migration

As a physical system, a cell interacts with its environment through physical and chemical processes. The cell can change these interactions through modification of its environment or its own composition. This dissertation presents the overarching hypothesis that both biochemical regulation of intercellular adhesion and physical interaction between cells are required to account for the emergence of cluster migration and collective dynamics observed in epithelial cells. Collective migration is defined as the displacement of a group of cells with transient or permanent cell-cell contacts. One mode, cluster migration, plays an important role during embryonic development and in cancer metastasis. Despite its importance, collective migration is a slow process and hard to visualize, and therefore it has not been thoroughly studied in three dimensions (3D). Based on known information about cluster migration from 2D studies of epithelial sheets and 3D single cell migration, this dissertation presents theoretical and experimental techniques to assess the independent contribution of physical and biochemical factors to 3D cluster migration. It first develops two computational models that explore the interaction between cells and the ECM and epithelial discohesion. These discrete mechanistic models reveal the need to account for intracellular regulation of adherens junctions in space and time within a cluster. Consequently, a differential algebraic model is developed that accounts for cross-reactivity of three pathways in a regulatory biochemical network: Wnt/β-catenin signaling, protein N-glycosylation, and E-cadherin adhesion. The model is tested by matching predictions to Wnt/β-catenin inhibition in MDCK cells. The model is then incorporated into a self-propelled particle (SPP) model, creating the first SPP model for study of adhesive mammalian cellular systems. MDCK cell clusters with fluorescent nuclei are grown, seeded, and tracked in 3D collagen gels using confocal microscopy. They provide data on individual cell dynamics within clusters. Borrowed from the field of complex systems, normalized velocity is used to quantify the order of both in vitro and simulated clusters. An analysis of sensitivity of cluster dynamics on factors describing physical and biochemical processes provides new quantitative insights into mechanisms underlying collective cell migration and explains temporal and spatial heterogeneity of cluster behavior

Mathematical Formulation and Numerical Validation of Uncertainty Costs for Controllable Loads

Este documento presenta el desarrollo de una nueva formulación matemática para definir, a través de enfoques probabilísticos, el costo que puede generarse si existiera un mercado eléctrico diversificado, con participación activa de la demanda. Para ello, se considera que la demanda eléctrica en un instante de tiempo sigue una distribución determinada de probabilidad y es controlable por el operador del sistema. El estudio muestra un desarrollo matemático del costo de incertidumbre de la demanda a partir del cálculo del costo esperado de suplir el valor de demanda más conveniente para el sistema de potencia. La validación de la fórmula analítica se realiza a través del método de Monte Carlo, que permitió comparar los costos de penalización asociados con la subestimación o sobreestimación de la demanda de energía eléctrica.This document presents an analysis and development of a new mathematical formulation to determine, through probabilistic approaches, the cost that can appear in a diversified electricity market with active load participation. In our approach, we consider that power demand follows a specific probability distribution and its control is performed through system's operator actions. The cost of uncertainty of demand is mathematically developed by calculating the expected cost of supplying the most convenient demand value for the power system. The validation of the analytical formula is done through the Monte Carlo method, that allowed us to compare the penalty costs in the case of underestimating or overestimating the demand for electrical energy.Peer Reviewe

eSports - the future market of Sportsponsoring? : Analysis by case study

Die vorliegende Arbeit beschäftigt sich mit dem eSports Markt und dessen Relevanz als zukünftiger Markt des Sportsponsorings. Das Sportsponsoring gehört zu den bedeutendsten Kommunikationsmitteln eines Unternehmens. Für das Sportsponsoring ist nicht nur der Fußball interessant, sondern auch andere Sportarten, die aktuell im Trend sind. Darunter zählt eSports zu den neuen relevanten Märkten. Innerhalb der letzten Jahre hat sich e-Sports von einem Nischensport zu einem Massenphänomen entwickelt. Das Augenmerk der Arbeit liegt auf dem deutschen eSports Markt, der zu den wichtigsten eSports Märkten der Welt gehört. Außerdem wird auf die verschiedenen Chancen, Risiken und Herausforderung, die das eSport Sponsoring mit sich bringt, eingegangen. Eine Fallstudie mit den Sponsoringaktivitäten von Wüstenrot im eSports dient als praktisches Beispiel für das zu erwartende Potential des eSports für das Sportsponsoring. Anhand von Experteninterviews werden die Besonderheiten des eSports Sponsorings erörtert und eine zukünftige Relevanz abgeleitet. Aus den erhobenen Daten der Fallstudie und den Experteninterviews kann als Ergebnis festgehalten werden, dass der eSports Markt zukünftig eine hohe Relevanz im Sportsponsoring vorweisen wird

Collaboration and information sharing in dyadic supply chains: A literature review over the period 2000–2012

Information sharing and coordination between the agents of a supply chain are considered to be an effective strategy for improving its global performance. This paper presents an updated review of current literature examining the impacts of information sharing and collaboration strategies on supply chain dynamic performance, with particular focus on dyadic structure. To achieve this, a systematic review approach is followed over the period 2000–2012, intending to ensure that the process is reproducible and auditable. A comprehensive taxonomy is also presented, highlighting strategic and operational impacts of collaborative structures. The analysis revealed that collaborative and information sharing issues underlined 10 years ago still require further attention from researchers

Valoración, análisis y propuestas de cambios en el acueducto de la comunidad de Puerto Viejo de Sarapiquí.

Proyecto de Graduación (Licenciatura en Ingeniería en Construcción) Instituto Tecnológico de Costa Rica, Escuela de Ingeniería en Construcción, 2005De una manera técnica, este trabajo detalla el análisis, la valoración y las propuestas de cambio para solventar los problemas de funcionamiento que presenta actualmente el acueducto de la comunidad de Puerto Viejo de Sarapiquí. El estudio se basó en una exhaustiva recolección de información de campo, programas de medición de presiones, análisis de los hábitos de consumo de la comunidad, determinación de horas y días de consumo máximo, así como la investigación del comportamiento de los sistemas de almacenamiento y de bombeo. El análisis de esta información permitió conocer el modo de operación del sistema actual, para luego plantear los cambios necesarios en las líneas de conducción y distribución de la red, en miras de asegurar una buena cobertura de la comunidad en relación con el suministro de agua potable. Como objetivo principal se propuso determinar si el sistema, como un todo, podría suministrar agua potable a la comunidad a 20 años plazo. Se realizaron proyecciones de crecimiento de población utilizando métodos variados como: el gráfico, el lineal, el geométrico y el logarítmico, para compararlas luego con las proyecciones demográficas elaboradas por el INEC. Se utilizó una cifra conservadora para evadir un mal rediseño del acueducto el cual pudiera perjudicar el suministro de agua en el futuro. Se valoró el aumento del número de habitantes y, asociado a esto, se especificó el caudal requerido para dotar de agua potable a la comunidad de Puerto Viejo. Mediante un sistema computadorizado se logró determinar que la red actual no será capaz de suministrar agua a la población futura. Asimismo, con las proyecciones en la demanda de agua se determinó que la naciente, de la cual actualmente se sirve la comunidad, no es capaz de suministrar el caudal requerido para el período de diseño. Con base en lo anterior, y de una manera breve, se observa la necesidad de rediseñar el acueducto y de que a corto plazo se obtenga una fuente adicional de agua que genere el caudal demandado por los usuarios en un futuro cercano