A video compression-based approach to measure music structural similarity

International audienceThe choice of the distance measure between time-series representations can be decisive to achieve good classification results in many content-based information retrieval applications. In the field of Music Information Retrieval, two-dimensional representations of the music signal are ubiquitous. Such representations are useful to display patterns of evidence that are not clearly revealed directly in the time domain. Among these representations, self-similarity matrices have become common representations for visualizing the time structure of an audio signal. In the context of organizing recordings, recent work has shown that, given a collection of recordings, it is possible to to group performances of the same musical work based on the pairwise similarity between structural representations of the audio signal. In this work, we introduce the use of the Campana- Keogh distance, a video compression-based measure, to compare musical items based on their structure. Through extensive experiments, we show that the use of this distance measure outperforms the results of previous work using similar approaches but other distance measures. Along with quantitative results, detailed examples are provided to to illustrate the benefits of using the newly proposed distance measure

O conhecimento por um sopro: um olhar sobre o ensino da tuba a partir dos métodos Ulissiano e Da Capo

This study aimed to understand the teaching and learning process of the tuba instrument, guided by the fundamentals and principles of the Ulissiano and Da capo methods, especially with regard to the paths of musicalization and initial practice of the instrument. From these aspects, the work focused on the history and teaching methodology of the tuba instrument, with emphasis on musicalization with the possible crossings of the local culture. These meth ods were developed by professors Ulisses Lima and Joel Barbosa, respectively. In the empiri cal field, two didactic experiments were developed, involving two beginners in the study of the tuba. The experiments took as horizons the Ulissiano and Da Capo methods, receiving some adaptations to the reality and local conditions. In general, it can be said that the results achieved correspond to the initial expectations; in particular, in the comparative movement between the two experiments, it was observed that the results pointed to a better performance of the student who participated in the Ulissian method, understanding that the emphasis on local culture, as well as the influence of musical memory in the construction of the beginning musician's learning, forms elements that predominated in the process of consolidating this learning.Esse estudo se propôs entender o processo de ensino e aprendizagem do instrumento tuba, orientado pelos fundamentos e princípios dos métodos Ulissiano e Da capo, sobretudo, no que se referem aos trajetos de musicalização e prática inicial do instrumento. A partir desses aspectos, o trabalho se debruçou sobre a história e a metodologia de ensino do instrumento tuba, com ênfase na musicalização com os possíveis atravessamentos da cultura local. Os referidos métodos foram desenvolvidos pelos professores Ulisses Lima e Joel Barbosa, respectivamente. No campo empírico foram desenvolvidos dois experimentos didáticos, envolvendo dois alunos iniciantes no estudo da tuba. Os experimentos tomaram como horizontes os métodos Ulissiano e Da Capo, recebendo algumas adaptações à realidade e condições locais. De modo geral, pode-se afirmar que os resultados alcançados corresponderam às expectativas iniciais; na particularidade, no movimento comparativo entre os dois experimentos, observou-se que a ênfase à cultura local, bem como, a influência da memória musical na construção da aprendizagem do músico iniciante, foram elementos predominantes no processo de consolidação dessa aprendizagem individual do instrumento tuba

MODELO DE ENSINO HÍBRIDO: A PERCEPÇÃO DOS ALUNOS EM RELAÇÃO À METODOLOGIA PROGRESSISTA X METODOLOGIA TRADICIONAL

As tecnologias digitais, cada vez mais presentes na sociedade, têm causado mudanças comportamentais nos alunos. Pesquisas na área apontam algumas vantagens do uso de metodologias ativas, que utilizam recursos tecnológicos na situação formal de ensino, para atender às demandas dos alunos contemporâneos. Nesse sentido, o objetivo dessa pesquisa é aplicar uma metodologia progressista, que integra ensino presencial e online, denominada ensino híbrido, e investigar qual a percepção dos alunos sobre essa metodologia. A presente pesquisa apresenta um estudo de caso de natureza qualitativa, com alunos de uma turma de primeiro ano do Ensino Médio do Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Ceará (IFCE). Após a aplicação da metodologia proposta e dos recursos tecnológicos utilizados, são analisadas as respostas fornecidas pelos alunos sobre suas concepções a respeito dessa metodologia. Os resultados apontaram que, na opinião da maioria dos alunos, o uso da tecnologia digital não é necessário para melhorar a compreensão dos conteúdos de Física. Ademais, eles acreditam que compreendem melhor o conteúdo com aulas teóricas, preferindo assim, o modelo de ensino tradicional ao invés do modelo de ensino híbrido. Palavras-chave: Ensino de física. Ensino híbrido. Metodologias ativas.ABSTRACTDigital technologies, increasingly present in society, have caused behavioral changes in students. Research in the area points to some advantages of the use of active methodologies, which use technological resources in the formal teaching situation, to meet the demands of contemporary students. In this sense, the objective of this research is to apply a progressive methodology, which integrates face-to-face and online teaching, called hybrid teaching, and investigate students’ perceptions about this methodology. The present research presents a case study of a qualitative nature, with students from a first year high school class of the Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Ceará (IFCE). After applying the proposed methodology and the technological resources used, the answers given by the students about their conceptions about this methodology are analyzed. The results showed that, in the opinion of most students, the use of digital technology is not necessary to improve the understanding of physics contents. In addition, they believe that they better understand the content with theoretical classes, preferring instead the traditional teaching model instead of the hybrid teaching model.Keywords: Physics education. Hybrid teaching. Active Methodologies

Music classification by transductive learning using bipartite heterogeneous networks

The popularization of music distribution in electronic format has increased the amount of music with incomplete metadata. The incompleteness of data can hamper some important tasks, such as music and artist recommendation. In this scenario, transductive classification can be used to classify the whole dataset considering just few labeled instances. Usually transductive classification is performed through label propagation, in which data are represented as networks and the examples propagate their labels through\ud their connections. Similarity-based networks are usually applied to model data as network. However, this kind of representation requires the definition of parameters, which significantly affect the classification accuracy, and presentes a high cost due to the computation of similarities among all dataset instances. In contrast, bipartite heterogeneous networks have appeared as an alternative to similarity-based networks in text mining applications. In these networks, the words are connected to the documents which they occur. Thus, there is no parameter or additional costs to generate such networks. In this paper, we propose the use of the bipartite network representation to perform transductive classification of music, using a bag-of-frames approach to describe music signals. We demonstrate that the proposed approach outperforms other music classification approaches when few labeled instances are available.Sao Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP) (grants 2011/12823-6, 2012/50714-7, 2013/26151-5, and 2014/08996-0

Wildfire profile from the perspective of the public records in the APA do Alto do Mucuri

The Fire Occurrence Record (ROI) is a public instrument for collecting information that can assist in regional environmental decision-making, such as, for example, planning efficient actions to prevent, raise awareness, apply penalties and fight forest fires. Given this relevance, the present study aimed to trace the profile of Forest Fire Records in the Alto do Mucuri Environmental Protection Area (APA) in Minas Gerais. For this purpose, through descriptive statistics, 213 ROIs were analyzed from 2014 to 2018 of the aforementioned conservation unit, obtained through the Law on Access to Information, which allowed a glimpse of the potential of analysis of these records from the public environmental management perspective. The main results found were: an estimate of environmental damage in an area equivalent to 22,537 soccer fields in the analyzed period; higher incidences of forest fires in the vegetation of the Semideciduous Seasonal Forest type; greater occurrence of forest fires in the municipalities of Ladainha and Itaipé and verification of a pattern in the increase of fires between July to November. In this sense, it was found that access to public data in the environmental area allows us to understand the efforts and consequences of these environmental crimes from the perspective of public administration.O Registro de Ocorrência de Incêndio (ROI) é um instrumento público de coleta de informações que pode auxiliar na tomada de decisões ambientais regionais, como, por exemplo, o planejamento de ações eficientes de prevenção, conscientização, aplicação de penalidades e combate a incêndios florestais. Diante dessa relevância, realizou-se o presente estudo com o objetivo de traçar o perfil dos Registros de Incêndios Florestais na Área de Proteção Ambiental (APA) do Alto do Mucuri, em Minas Gerais. Para tanto, por meio da estatística descritiva, analisaram-se 213 ROIs, relativos ao período de 2014 a 2018, da referida unidade de conservação, obtidos por meio da Lei de Acesso à Informação, os quais permitiram vislumbrar o potencial de análise desses registros sob a ótica da gestão pública ambiental. Os principais resultados encontrados foram: estimativa de dano ambiental em área equivalente a 22.537 campos de futebol no período analisado; maiores incidências de incêndios florestais na vegetação do tipo Floresta Estacional Semidecidual; maior ocorrência de incêndios florestais nos municípios de Ladainha e Itaipé e constatação de um padrão no aumento das queimadas entre os meses de julho a novembro. Nesse sentido, constatou-se que o acesso a dados públicos da área ambiental permite compreender os esforços e as consequências desses crimes ambientais, na perspectiva da administração pública

Marketing, qualidade e inovação.

Texto publicado originalmente no jornal Açoriano Oriental, secção "Bits & Bytes", de 18 de Novembro de 2006."[…]. Marketing é, segundo a nova definição da associação americana (American MarketingAssociation), um conjunto de actividades que têm por objectivo compreender as necessidades do consumidor, cliente ou utente e de empreender esforços para satisfazer essas necessidades, da melhor forma possível, ou seja, de forma a aumentar o valor dos produtos e serviços para os clientes, passando por melhorar o grau de satisfação, a fidelização e a satisfação global destes. O marketing surge assim como um conjunto de actividades absolutamente essenciais nas organizações modernas orientadas para o cliente e não para o produto ou serviço que vendem. O marketing é o ponto final da cadeia logística, sendo responsável por objectivos definidos em termos de volume de vendas ou da relação prolongada no tempo com o cliente. […]"

Music shapelets for fast cover song regognition

A cover song is a new performance or recording of a previously recorded music by an artist other than the original one. The automatic identification of cover songs is useful for a wide range of tasks, from fans looking for new versions of their favorite songs to organizations involved in licensing copyrighted songs. This is a difficult task given that a cover may differ from the original song in key, timbre, tempo, structure, arrangement and even language of the vocals. Cover song identification has attracted some attention recently. However, most of the state-of-the-art approaches are based on similarity search, which involves a large number of similarity computations to retrieve potential cover versions for a query recording. In this paper, we adapt the idea of time series shapelets for contentbased music retrieval. Our proposal adds a training phase that finds small excerpts of feature vectors that best describe each song. We demonstrate that we can use such small segments to identify cover songs with higher identification rates and more than one order of magnitude faster than methods that use features to describe the whole music.FAPESP (grants #2011/17698-5, #2013/26151-5, and 2015/07628-0)CNPq (grants 446330/2014-0 and 303083/2013-1

In vitro organogenesis in tomato cultivars is enhanced by gas exchange and application of ultrasound / A organogênese in vitro de cultivares de tomate é aumentada pela promoção das trocas gasosas e ultrassom

The success of in vitro regeneration protocols is dependent of biological, chemical and physical factors. The manipulation of the microenvironment by enhancing gas exchange and ultrasound are physical improvements that potentially contribute to optimize in vitro responses. The present study evaluated the effect of gas exchange, by natural ventilation, on in vitro germination and further regeneration competence of explants exposed to sonication. For this, three tomato genotypes ‘Moneymaker’, ‘NCEBR-2’ and ‘Santa Clara’. Cotyledonary and hypocotiledonary explants were subjected to ultrasound times (0, 3, 6, and 9 seconds) in order to figure out its influence on morphogenesis and regeneration. The results appoint the higher that gas exchange increased morphogenic growth responses in all the genotypes with a significant increase in cotyledon area and hypocotyl length in germination and biomass accumulation. The sonication time influenced the number of shoots higher than 0.5 cm and number of leaflets, showing an interaction between sonication and sealing type, highlighting the effect of exposure time to sonication on morphogenesis. In this study, we show for the first time the stimulation of organogenesis by the interaction of physical factors in in vitro culture: the use of high quality explants, obtained by enhanced gas exchange and the application of ultrasound. We suggest that these factors significant increase the quantity of organogenesis and reducing the time consumed in the in vitro process, using simple, reliable and cheap treatments as gas exchange facilitators caps and ultrasound.