11,539 research outputs found

    Effects of nuclear molecular configurations on the astrophysical S-factor for 16^{16}O + 16^{16}O

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    The impact of nuclear molecular configurations on the astrophysical S-factor for 16^{16}O + 16^{16}O is investigated within the realistic two-center shell model based on Woods-Saxon potentials. These molecular effects refer to the formation of a neck between the interacting nuclei and the radial dependent collective mass parameter. It is demonstrated that the former is crucial to explain the current experimental data with high accuracy and without any free parameter, whilst in addition the latter predicts a pronounced maximum in the S-factor. In contrast to very recent results by Jiang et al., the S-factor does not decline towards extremely low values as energy decreases.Comment: In press in Physics Letters

    Relating breakup and incomplete fusion of weakly-bound nuclei through a classical trajectory model with stochastic breakup

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    A classical dynamical model that treats break-up stochastically is presented for low energy reactions of weakly-bound nuclei. The three-dimensional model allows a consistent calculation of breakup, incomplete and complete fusion cross sections. The model is assessed by comparing the breakup observables with CDCC quantum mechanical predictions, which are found to be in reasonable agreement. Through the model, it is demonstrated that the breakup probability of the projectile as a function of its distance from the target is of primary importance for understanding complete and incomplete fusion at energies near the Coulomb barrier.Comment: Accepted in Physical Review Letter

    Nanocontact spin-transfer oscillators based on perpendicular anisotropy in the free layer

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    Micromagnetic simulations are used to predict the behavior exhibited by spin-transfer oscillators when materials with perpendicular anisotropy are introduced in the "free" layer of nanocontact devices. Under a perpendicular-to-plane bias field, the frequency exhibits nonlinear dependence on the anisotropy field, mostly originated by the exchange-dominated propagating nature of spin-wave modes. The increase of frequency without using large bias fields makes it suitable for potential technological applications. A study of the feasibility of bias-field-free devices has been also performed deriving multiharmonic signals at gigahertz frequencies. Here, the magnetization describes a gyrotropic motion where both vortex-core polarization and rotation sense switch periodically

    Delta rho pi interaction leading to N* and Delta* resonances

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    We have performed a calculation for the three body Δρπ\Delta \rho \pi system by using the fixed center approximation to Faddeev equations, taking the interaction between Δ\Delta and ρ\rho, Δ\Delta andπ\pi, and ρ\rho and π\pi from the chiral unitary approach. We find several peaks in the modulus squared of the three-body scattering amplitude, indicating the existence of resonances, which can be associated to known I=1/2,3/2I=1/2, 3/2 and JP=1/2+,3/2+J^P=1/2^+, 3/2^+ and 5/2+5/2^+ baryon states.Comment: Presented at the 21st European Conference on Few-Body Problems in Physics, Salamanca, Spain, 30 August - 3 September 201

    Modelling of compound nucleus formation in fusion of heavy nuclei

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    A new model that includes the time-dependent dynamics of the single-particle (s.p.) motion in conjunction with the macroscopic evolution of the system is proposed for describing the compound nucleus (CN) formation in fusion of heavy nuclei. The diabaticity initially keeps the entrance system around its contact configuration, but the gradual transition from the diabatic to the adiabatic potential energy surface (PES) leads to fusion or quasifission. Direct measurements of the probability for CN formation are crucial to discriminate between the current models.Comment: 4 pages,2 figures,1 table, Submitted to PR

    Madera de compresión en Pinus radiata III: Propiedades de pulpas kraft

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    Estudios anteriores en estos mismos árboles de Pinus radiata con fustes levemente inclinados, demostraron que la madera de compresión leve que ellos exhibían presentaba: traqueidas más cortas, mayor densidad, mayor proporción de lignina, mayor proporción de extraíbles en etanol tolueno y menor proporción de alfa celulosa que la madera opuesta y que la madera de árboles sin madera de compresión.En el presente estudio se analiza las propiedades pulpables de la madera de compresión y la de sus respectivas maderas opuestas de los quince árboles de Pinus radiata estudiados, crecidos en suelos de arena húmeda en Chile. Se estudió separadamente la madera de compresión y la madera opuesta. Con distintas proporciones, de entre 0, 40, 70 y 100 % de madera de compresión y madera opuesta, se efectuaron pulpajes kraft  para cada una de las mezclas.De estos pulpajes con y sin blanqueo se informan valores de 501 y 695 kg/m3 de densidad; 28 a 51 Nm/g en índice de tensión, 18 a 25 mNm2/g en índice de rasgado, 2.2 a 4.1 kPam2/g en índice de explosión y rendimiento de 44 a 50.6 % en las mezclas de la pulpa estudiada.En la pulpa cruda de MC, de la madera pulpable y de la madera exterior aserrable, se registró me-nor densidad, mayor índice de tensión, de rasgado y de explosión, en comparación con los resultados obtenidos en la pulpa cruda de MO. En el caso de las pulpas blanqueadas, la densidad y el índice de tensión resultaron mayores en la MC.En el resto de las propiedades las diferencias entre MC y MO fueron oscilantes y reducidas. El aumento de la proporción de MC en la mezcla de MC y MO, produjo una reducción de rendimiento. Los rendimiento de las mezclas de la madera pulpable indicaron para el 100 % de MO un 50.6 % y para el 100% de MC un 44 %: En los casos de las pulpas de madera exterior aserrable el 100% de MO tuvo un rendimiento de de 48.4% en cambio el 100% de la MC registró un 44.3%.Los resultados obtenidos indicaron que la MC leve, que se encuentra en árboles con inclinaciones menores, tuvo un efecto de menor magnitud que él que se produce en la MC severa sobre las características y rendimiento de la pulpa kraft. AbstractPrevious studies with radiata pine trees growing slightly leaned towards one side showed that they have small amounts of compression wood with different characteristics than the opposite wood at the other side of the annual rings. These differences include shorter tracheids, higher density, higher proportion of lining, higher proportion of extractives in toluene ethanol, and a smaller amount of alpha-cellulose.The present study compares the properties of kraft pulp, with and without bleaching, for mixtures of compression and opposite wood obtained from fifteen 22-year-old radiata pine trees that grew in humid sand soils of Chile. The kraft pulp mixture was studied for different proportions of 0, 40, 70 and 100% compression wood. Considering all mixtures with and without bleaching, the study reports values between 501 and 695 kg/m3 density, 28 and 51 Nm/g tension index, 18 and 25 mNm2/g tear index, 2,2 and 4,1 kPam2 burst index, and 44% and 50,6% pulp yield.It was found that the pulp without bleaching from compression wood (for both the internal pulp and the external lumber areas) had lower density, but higher tension, tear, and burst indexes. The pulp with bleaching from compression wood had both higher density and tension index, but the other properties only show small random differences with respect to opposite wood.A higher proportion of compression wood in the mixture reduced pulp yield. The yield for the internal pulp area was 50,6 % with pure opposite wood and 44% with pure compression wood, while the yield for external lumber area was 48,4% with pure opposite wood and 44,3% with pure compression wood. I was concluded, however, that the relatively small amount of compression wood found in these trees had only a minor effect in the properties and yield of kraft pulp

    Carbon in Spiral Galaxies from Hubble Space Telescope Spectroscopy

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    We present measurements of the gas-phase C/O abundance ratio in six H II regions in the spiral galaxies M101 and NGC 2403, based on ultraviolet spectroscopy using the Faint Object Spectrograph on the Hubble Space Telescope. The C/O ratios increase systematically with O/H in both galaxies, from log C/O approximately -0.8 at log O/H = -4.0 to log C/O approx. -0.1 at log O/H = -3.4. C/N shows no correlation with O/H. The rate of increase of C/O is somewhat uncertain because of uncertainty as to the appropriate UV reddening law, and uncertainty in the metallicity dependence on grain depletions. However, the trend of increasing C/O with O/H is clear, confirming and extending the trend in C/O indicated previously from observations of irregular galaxies. Our data indicate that the radial gradients in C/H across spiral galaxies are steeper than the gradients in O/H. Comparing the data to chemical evolution models for spiral galaxies shows that models in which the massive star yields do not vary with metallicity predict radial C/O gradients that are much flatter than the observed gradients. The most likely hypothesis at present is that stellar winds in massive stars have an important effect on the yields and thus on the evolution of carbon and oxygen abundances. C/O and N/O abundance ratios in the outer disks of spirals determined to date are very similar to those in dwarf irregular galaxies. This implies that the outer disks of spirals have average stellar population ages much younger than the inner disks.Comment: 38 pages, 9 postscript figures, uses aaspp4.sty. Accepted for publication in The Astrophysical Journa

    A Survey of key methods, traits, parameters, and conditions for measuring texture in cranberry (Vaccinium macrocarpon Ait.)

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    In the cranberry (Vaccinium macrocarpon Ait.) industry, the textural properties and firmness of the fruit are priority traits for producing processed products, such as sweetened dried cranberry (SDC), which have gained popularity in recent years. However, there is currently no reliable methodology for screening these traits in breeding programs. In this study, we examine the key methodologies, textural traits, parameters, and conditions that are necessary to accurately and efficiently measure the texture of cranberry fruit. Double compression, single compression, puncture, shearing and Kramer shear cell methodologies were successfully implemented in cranberry, resulting in a total of 47 textural features. These features allowed the evaluation of the texture of the cranberry fruit based on key factors such as flesh, structure, and skin. This study also examined factors than can affect the performance of texture measurements, including the optimal sample size, storage time, fruit texture-size correlation, fruit temperature and orientation, optimal speed/strain combinations, and the effect of probe diameter. The results of the study suggests that certain texture traits of the compression and puncture methodologies could potentially be used to test varieties and aid in breeding program

    The Smc5/6 complex is required for dissolution of DNA-mediated sister chromatid linkages

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    Mitotic chromosome segregation requires the removal of physical connections between sister chromatids. In addition to cohesin and topological entrapments, sister chromatid separation can be prevented by the presence of chromosome junctions or ongoing DNA replication. We will collectively refer to them as DNA-mediated linkages. Although this type of structures has been documented in different DNA replication and repair mutants, there is no known essential mechanism ensuring their timely removal before mitosis. Here, we show that the dissolution of these connections is an active process that requires the Smc5/6 complex, together with Mms21, its associated SUMO-ligase. Failure to remove DNA-mediated linkages causes gross chromosome missegregation in anaphase. Moreover, we show that Smc5/6 is capable to dissolve them in metaphase-arrested cells, thus restoring chromosome resolution and segregation. We propose that Smc5/6 has an essential role in the removal of DNA-mediated linkages to prevent chromosome missegregation and aneuploidy
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